Zonal Statistics - Cartesian Grid#
[1]:
import wradlib as wrl
import matplotlib.pyplot as pl
import matplotlib as mpl
import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings("ignore")
try:
get_ipython().run_line_magic("matplotlib inline")
except:
pl.ion()
import numpy as np
import xarray as xr
/home/runner/micromamba-root/envs/wradlib-tests/lib/python3.11/site-packages/tqdm/auto.py:22: TqdmWarning: IProgress not found. Please update jupyter and ipywidgets. See https://ipywidgets.readthedocs.io/en/stable/user_install.html
from .autonotebook import tqdm as notebook_tqdm
Setup Examples#
[2]:
def testplot(
ds,
obj,
col="mean",
levels=[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 100],
title="",
):
"""Quick test plot layout for this example file"""
colors = pl.cm.viridis(np.linspace(0, 1, len(levels)))
mycmap, mynorm = from_levels_and_colors(levels, colors, extend="max")
radolevels = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 100]
radocolors = pl.cm.viridis(np.linspace(0, 1, len(radolevels)))
radocmap, radonorm = from_levels_and_colors(radolevels, radocolors, extend="max")
fig = pl.figure(figsize=(10, 16))
# Average rainfall sum
ax = fig.add_subplot(211, aspect="equal")
obj.zdata.trg.geo.plot(
column=col,
ax=ax,
cmap=mycmap,
norm=mynorm,
edgecolor="white",
lw=0.5,
legend=True,
legend_kwds=dict(shrink=0.5),
)
ax.autoscale()
pl.xlabel("UTM Zone 32 Easting")
pl.ylabel("UTM Zone 32 Northing")
pl.title(title)
pl.draw()
# Original radar data
ax1 = fig.add_subplot(212, aspect="equal")
pm = ds.plot(
x="xc",
y="yc",
cmap=radocmap,
norm=radonorm,
ax=ax1,
cbar_kwargs=dict(shrink=0.5),
)
obj.zdata.trg.geo.plot(ax=ax1, facecolor="None", edgecolor="white")
pl.xlabel("UTM Zone 32 Easting")
pl.ylabel("UTM Zone 32 Northing")
pl.title("Original radar rain sums")
pl.draw()
pl.tight_layout()
[3]:
from matplotlib.collections import PatchCollection
from matplotlib.colors import from_levels_and_colors
import matplotlib.patches as patches
import datetime as dt
from osgeo import osr
[4]:
# check for GEOS enabled GDAL
if not wrl.util.has_geos():
print("NO GEOS support within GDAL, aborting...")
exit(0)
[5]:
# Read and prepare the actual data (RADOLAN)
f = wrl.util.get_wradlib_data_file(
"radolan/misc/raa01-sf_10000-1406100050-dwd---bin.gz"
)
ds = wrl.io.open_radolan_dataset(f)
display(ds)
Downloading file 'radolan/misc/raa01-sf_10000-1406100050-dwd---bin.gz' from 'https://github.com/wradlib/wradlib-data/raw/pooch/data/radolan/misc/raa01-sf_10000-1406100050-dwd---bin.gz' to '/home/runner/work/wradlib/wradlib/wradlib-data'.
<xarray.Dataset>
Dimensions: (y: 900, x: 900, time: 1)
Coordinates:
* time (time) datetime64[ns] 2014-06-10T00:50:00
* y (y) float64 -4.658e+06 -4.657e+06 ... -3.76e+06 -3.759e+06
* x (x) float64 -5.23e+05 -5.22e+05 -5.21e+05 ... 3.75e+05 3.76e+05
Data variables:
SF (y, x) float32 ...
Attributes:
radarid: 10000
formatversion: 3
radolanversion: 2.13.1
radarlocations: ['asw', 'boo', 'emd', 'han', 'umd', 'pro', 'ess', 'drs',...
radardays: ['asw 10', 'boo 24', 'drs 24', 'emd 24', 'ess 24', 'fbg ...[6]:
# create radolan projection osr object
if ds.attrs["formatversion"] >= 5:
proj_stereo = wrl.georef.create_osr("dwd-radolan-wgs84")
else:
proj_stereo = wrl.georef.create_osr("dwd-radolan-sphere")
# create UTM Zone 32 projection osr object
proj_utm = osr.SpatialReference()
proj_utm.ImportFromEPSG(32632)
# Source projection of the shape data (in GK2)
proj_gk2 = osr.SpatialReference()
proj_gk2.ImportFromEPSG(31466)
[6]:
0
[7]:
gridres = ds.x.diff("x")[0].values
gridres
[7]:
array(1000.)
[8]:
print(proj_stereo)
PROJCS["Radolan Projection",
GEOGCS["Radolan Coordinate System",
DATUM["Radolan_Kugel",
SPHEROID["Erdkugel",6370040,0]],
PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,
AUTHORITY["EPSG","8901"]],
UNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433,
AUTHORITY["EPSG","9122"]]],
PROJECTION["Polar_Stereographic"],
PARAMETER["latitude_of_origin",60],
PARAMETER["central_meridian",10],
PARAMETER["false_easting",0],
PARAMETER["false_northing",0],
UNIT["metre",1,
AUTHORITY["EPSG","9001"]],
AXIS["Easting",SOUTH],
AXIS["Northing",SOUTH]]
[9]:
flist = ["shapefiles/agger/agger_merge.shx", "shapefiles/agger/agger_merge.dbf"]
[wrl.util.get_wradlib_data_file(f) for f in flist]
shpfile = wrl.util.get_wradlib_data_file("shapefiles/agger/agger_merge.shp")
trg = wrl.io.VectorSource(shpfile, srs=proj_utm, name="trg", projection_source=proj_gk2)
print(f"Found {len(trg)} sub-catchments in shapefile.")
Downloading file 'shapefiles/agger/agger_merge.shx' from 'https://github.com/wradlib/wradlib-data/raw/pooch/data/shapefiles/agger/agger_merge.shx' to '/home/runner/work/wradlib/wradlib/wradlib-data'.
Downloading file 'shapefiles/agger/agger_merge.dbf' from 'https://github.com/wradlib/wradlib-data/raw/pooch/data/shapefiles/agger/agger_merge.dbf' to '/home/runner/work/wradlib/wradlib/wradlib-data'.
Downloading file 'shapefiles/agger/agger_merge.shp' from 'https://github.com/wradlib/wradlib-data/raw/pooch/data/shapefiles/agger/agger_merge.shp' to '/home/runner/work/wradlib/wradlib/wradlib-data'.
Found 13 sub-catchments in shapefile.
[10]:
print(trg.crs)
PROJCS["WGS 84 / UTM zone 32N",
GEOGCS["WGS 84",
DATUM["WGS_1984",
SPHEROID["WGS 84",6378137,298.257223563,
AUTHORITY["EPSG","7030"]],
AUTHORITY["EPSG","6326"]],
PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,
AUTHORITY["EPSG","8901"]],
UNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433,
AUTHORITY["EPSG","9122"]],
AUTHORITY["EPSG","4326"]],
PROJECTION["Transverse_Mercator"],
PARAMETER["latitude_of_origin",0],
PARAMETER["central_meridian",9],
PARAMETER["scale_factor",0.9996],
PARAMETER["false_easting",500000],
PARAMETER["false_northing",0],
UNIT["metre",1,
AUTHORITY["EPSG","9001"]],
AXIS["Easting",EAST],
AXIS["Northing",NORTH],
AUTHORITY["EPSG","32632"]]
[11]:
bbox = trg.extent
buffer = 5000.0
bbox = dict(
left=bbox[0] - buffer,
right=bbox[1] + buffer,
bottom=bbox[2] - buffer,
top=bbox[3] + buffer,
)
print(bbox)
{'left': 365059.5928799211, 'right': 419830.11388741195, 'bottom': 5624046.706676126, 'top': 5668055.540990271}
[12]:
# Get RADOLAN grid coordinates
x_rad, y_rad = np.meshgrid(ds.x, ds.y)
grid_xy_radolan = np.stack([x_rad, y_rad], axis=-1)
# Reproject the RADOLAN coordinates
xy = wrl.georef.reproject(
grid_xy_radolan, projection_source=proj_stereo, projection_target=proj_utm
)
# assign as coordinates
ds = ds.assign_coords(
{
"xc": (
["y", "x"],
xy[..., 0],
dict(long_name="UTM Zone 32 Easting", units="m"),
),
"yc": (
["y", "x"],
xy[..., 1],
dict(long_name="UTM Zone 32 Northing", units="m"),
),
}
)
ds_clip = ds.where(
(
((ds.yc > bbox["bottom"]) & (ds.yc < bbox["top"]))
& ((ds.xc > bbox["left"]) & (ds.xc < bbox["right"]))
),
drop=True,
)
display(ds_clip)
<xarray.Dataset>
Dimensions: (y: 47, x: 58, time: 1)
Coordinates:
* time (time) datetime64[ns] 2014-06-10T00:50:00
* y (y) float64 -4.233e+06 -4.232e+06 ... -4.188e+06 -4.187e+06
* x (x) float64 -2.15e+05 -2.14e+05 -2.13e+05 ... -1.59e+05 -1.58e+05
xc (y, x) float64 3.655e+05 3.664e+05 ... 4.179e+05 4.189e+05
yc (y, x) float64 5.624e+06 5.624e+06 ... 5.669e+06 5.669e+06
Data variables:
SF (y, x) float32 nan nan nan nan nan nan ... nan nan nan nan nan nan
Attributes:
radarid: 10000
formatversion: 3
radolanversion: 2.13.1
radarlocations: ['asw', 'boo', 'emd', 'han', 'umd', 'pro', 'ess', 'drs',...
radardays: ['asw 10', 'boo 24', 'drs 24', 'emd 24', 'ess 24', 'fbg ...Zonal Stats - Rectangular Grid - Points#
[13]:
###########################################################################
# Approach #1: Assign grid points to each polygon and compute the average.
#
# - Uses matplotlib.path.Path
# - Each point is weighted equally (assumption: polygon >> grid cell)
# - this is quick, but theoretically dirty
###########################################################################
t1 = dt.datetime.now()
# Get RADOLAN center grid points for each grid cell
# (MUST BE DONE IN NATIVE RADOLAN COORDINATES)
grid_x, grid_y = np.meshgrid(ds_clip.x, ds_clip.y)
grdpoints = np.dstack([grid_x, grid_y]).reshape(-1, 2)
src = wrl.io.VectorSource(
grdpoints, srs=proj_utm, name="src", projection_source=proj_stereo
)
trg = wrl.io.VectorSource(shpfile, srs=proj_utm, name="trg", projection_source=proj_gk2)
# Create instance of type ZonalDataPoint from source grid and
# catchment array
zd = wrl.zonalstats.ZonalDataPoint(src, trg, srs=proj_utm, buf=500.0)
# dump to file (for later use - see below)
zd.dump_vector("test_zonal_points_cart")
# Create instance of type ZonalStatsPoint from zonal data object
obj1 = wrl.zonalstats.ZonalStatsPoint(zd)
isecs1 = obj1.zdata.isecs # for plotting (see below)
t2 = dt.datetime.now()
t3 = dt.datetime.now()
# Create instance of type ZonalStatsPoint from zonal data file
# (much faster)
obj1 = wrl.zonalstats.ZonalStatsPoint("test_zonal_points_cart")
# Compute stats for target polygons
avg1 = obj1.mean(ds_clip.SF.values.ravel())
var1 = obj1.var(ds_clip.SF.values.ravel())
zd.dump_vector("test_zonal_points_cart")
t4 = dt.datetime.now()
print("Approach #1 computation time:")
print("\tCreate object from scratch: %f " "seconds" % (t2 - t1).total_seconds())
print("\tCreate object from dumped file: %f " "seconds" % (t4 - t3).total_seconds())
print("\tCompute stats using object: %f " "seconds" % (t3 - t2).total_seconds())
# PLOTTING Approach #1
src = wrl.io.VectorSource(
grdpoints, srs=proj_utm, name="src", projection_source=proj_stereo
)
trg = wrl.io.VectorSource(shpfile, srs=proj_utm, name="trg", projection_source=proj_gk2)
# Just a test for plotting results with zero buffer
zd2 = wrl.zonalstats.ZonalDataPoint(src, trg, buf=0)
# Create instance of type ZonalStatsPoint from zonal data object
obj2 = wrl.zonalstats.ZonalStatsPoint(zd2)
# copy attributes to target layer
obj2.zdata.trg.set_attribute("mean", avg1)
obj2.zdata.trg.set_attribute("var", var1)
isecs2 = obj2.zdata.isecs
Approach #1 computation time:
Create object from scratch: 1.984581 seconds
Create object from dumped file: 0.123296 seconds
Compute stats using object: 0.000035 seconds
[14]:
# Illustrate results for an example catchment i
i = 6 # try e.g. 5, 2
fig = pl.figure(figsize=(10, 8))
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, aspect="equal")
# Target polygon patches
trg_patch = obj2.zdata.trg.get_data_by_idx([i], mode="geo")
trg_patch.plot(ax=ax, facecolor="None", edgecolor="black", linewidth=2)
trg_patch = obj1.zdata.trg.get_data_by_idx([i], mode="geo")
trg_patch.plot(ax=ax, facecolor="None", edgecolor="grey", linewidth=2)
# pips
sources = obj1.zdata.src.geo
sources.plot(ax=ax, label="all points", c="grey", markersize=200)
isecs1 = obj2.zdata.dst.get_data_by_att(attr="trg_index", value=[i], mode="geo")
isecs1.plot(ax=ax, label="buffer=0 m", c="green", markersize=200)
isecs2 = obj1.zdata.dst.get_data_by_att(attr="trg_index", value=[i], mode="geo")
isecs2.plot(ax=ax, label="buffer=500 m", c="red", markersize=50)
cat = trg.get_data_by_idx([i])[0]
bbox = wrl.zonalstats.get_bbox(cat[..., 0], cat[..., 1])
pl.xlim(bbox["left"] - 2000, bbox["right"] + 2000)
pl.ylim(bbox["bottom"] - 2000, bbox["top"] + 2000)
pl.legend()
pl.title("Catchment #%d: Points considered for stats" % i)
[14]:
Text(0.5, 1.0, 'Catchment #6: Points considered for stats')
[15]:
# Plot average rainfall and original data
testplot(
ds_clip.SF, obj2, col="mean", title="Catchment rainfall mean (ZonalStatsPoint)"
)
[16]:
testplot(
ds_clip.SF,
obj2,
col="var",
levels=np.arange(0, np.max(var1), 1.0),
title="Catchment rainfall variance (ZonalStatsPoint)",
)
Zonal Stats - Rectangular Grid - Polygons¶#
[17]:
###########################################################################
# Approach #2: Compute weighted mean based on fraction of source polygons
# in target polygons
#
# - This is more accurate (no assumptions), but probably slower...
###########################################################################
# Create vertices for each grid cell
# (MUST BE DONE IN NATIVE RADOLAN COORDINATES)
grid_x, grid_y = np.meshgrid(ds_clip.x, ds_clip.y)
gridres = ds.x.diff("x")[0].values
grdverts = wrl.zonalstats.grid_centers_to_vertices(grid_x, grid_y, gridres, gridres)
# And reproject to Cartesian reference system (here: UTM Zone 32)
src = wrl.io.VectorSource(
grdverts, srs=proj_utm, name="src", projection_source=proj_stereo
)
trg = wrl.io.VectorSource(shpfile, srs=proj_utm, name="trg", projection_source=proj_gk2)
t1 = dt.datetime.now()
# Create instance of type ZonalDataPoly from source grid and
# catchment array
zd = wrl.zonalstats.ZonalDataPoly(src, trg, srs=proj_utm)
# dump to file
zd.dump_vector("test_zonal_poly_cart")
# Create instance of type ZonalStatsPoint from zonal data object
obj3 = wrl.zonalstats.ZonalStatsPoly(zd)
t2 = dt.datetime.now()
t3 = dt.datetime.now()
# Create instance of type ZonalStatsPoly from zonal data file
obj3 = wrl.zonalstats.ZonalStatsPoly("test_zonal_poly_cart")
# Compute stats for target polygons
avg3 = obj3.mean(ds_clip.SF.values.ravel())
var3 = obj3.var(ds_clip.SF.values.ravel())
t4 = dt.datetime.now()
print("Approach #2 computation time:")
print("\tCreate object from scratch: %f " "seconds" % (t2 - t1).total_seconds())
print("\tCreate object from dumped file: %f " "seconds" % (t4 - t3).total_seconds())
print("\tCompute stats using object: %f " "seconds" % (t3 - t2).total_seconds())
Approach #2 computation time:
Create object from scratch: 0.241515 seconds
Create object from dumped file: 0.095831 seconds
Compute stats using object: 0.000041 seconds
[18]:
# Plot average rainfall and original data
testplot(ds_clip.SF, obj3, col="mean", title="Catchment rainfall mean (ZonalStatsPoly)")
[19]:
testplot(
ds_clip.SF,
obj3,
col="var",
levels=np.arange(0, np.max(var3), 1.0),
title="Catchment rainfall variance (ZonalStatsPoly)",
)
[20]:
# Illustrate results for an example catchment i
i = 6 # try e.g. 5, 2
fig = pl.figure(figsize=(10, 8))
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, aspect="equal")
# Grid cell patches
src_index = obj3.zdata.get_source_index(i)
trg_patch = obj3.zdata.src.get_data_by_idx(src_index, mode="geo")
trg_patch.plot(ax=ax, facecolor="None", edgecolor="black")
# Target polygon patches
trg_patch = obj3.zdata.trg.get_data_by_idx([i], mode="geo")
trg_patch.plot(ax=ax, facecolor="None", edgecolor="red", linewidth=2)
# intersections
isecs1 = obj3.zdata.dst.get_data_by_att(attr="trg_index", value=[i], mode="geo")
isecs1.plot(column="src_index", ax=ax, cmap=pl.cm.plasma, alpha=0.5)
# scatter center points
ds_clip.plot.scatter(x="xc", y="yc")
cat = trg.get_data_by_idx([i])[0]
bbox = wrl.zonalstats.get_bbox(cat[..., 0], cat[..., 1])
pl.xlim(bbox["left"] - 2000, bbox["right"] + 2000)
pl.ylim(bbox["bottom"] - 2000, bbox["top"] + 2000)
pl.legend()
pl.title("Catchment #%d: Polygons considered for stats" % i)
No artists with labels found to put in legend. Note that artists whose label start with an underscore are ignored when legend() is called with no argument.
[20]:
Text(0.5, 1.0, 'Catchment #6: Polygons considered for stats')
[21]:
# Compare estimates
maxlim = np.max(np.concatenate((avg1, avg3)))
fig = pl.figure(figsize=(10, 8))
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, aspect="equal")
pl.scatter(avg1, avg3, edgecolor="None", alpha=0.5)
pl.xlabel("Average of points in or close to polygon (mm)")
pl.ylabel("Area-weighted average (mm)")
pl.xlim(0, maxlim)
pl.ylim(0, maxlim)
pl.plot([-1, maxlim + 1], [-1, maxlim + 1], color="black")
pl.show()
