xarray Rainbow5 backend

In this example, we read Rainbow5 data files using the wradlib rainbow xarray backend.

import glob
import gzip
import io
import wradlib as wrl
import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings('ignore')
import matplotlib.pyplot as pl
import numpy as np
import xarray as xr
try:
    get_ipython().magic("matplotlib inline")
except:
    pl.ion()

Load Rainbow5 Volume Data

fpath = 'rainbow/2013051000000600dBZ.vol'
f = wrl.util.get_wradlib_data_file(fpath)
vol = wrl.io.open_rainbow_dataset(f, reindex_angle=False)

Inspect RadarVolume

display(vol)

<wradlib.RadarVolume>
Dimension(s): (sweep: 14)
Elevation(s): (0.6, 1.4, 2.4, 3.5, 4.8, 6.3, 8.0, 9.9, 12.2, 14.8, 17.9, 21.3, 25.4, 30.0)

Inspect root group

The sweep dimension contains the number of scans in this radar volume. Further the dataset consists of variables (location coordinates, time_coverage) and attributes (Conventions, metadata).

vol.root

<xarray.Dataset>
Dimensions:              (sweep: 14)
Coordinates:
    time                 datetime64[ns] 2013-05-10T00:00:06
    longitude            float64 6.38
    altitude             float64 116.7
    sweep_mode           <U20 'azimuth_surveillance'
    latitude             float64 50.86
Dimensions without coordinates: sweep
Data variables:
    volume_number        int64 0
    platform_type        <U5 'fixed'
    instrument_type      <U5 'radar'
    primary_axis         <U6 'axis_z'
    time_coverage_start  <U20 '2013-05-10T00:00:06Z'
    time_coverage_end    <U20 '2013-05-10T00:03:14Z'
    sweep_group_name     (sweep) <U8 'sweep_0' 'sweep_1' ... 'sweep_13'
    sweep_fixed_angle    (sweep) float64 0.6 1.4 2.4 3.5 ... 17.9 21.3 25.4 30.0
Attributes:
    version:          None
    title:            None
    institution:      None
    references:       None
    source:           None
    history:          None
    comment:          im/exported using wradlib
    instrument_name:  None
    fixed_angle:      0.6

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • sweep: 14
• Coordinates: (5)
  • time
    ()
    datetime64[ns]
    2013-05-10T00:00:06

    standard_name :

    time

    array('2013-05-10T00:00:06.000000000', dtype='datetime64[ns]')

  • longitude
    ()
    float64
    6.38

    long_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    standard_name :

    longitude

    array(6.379967)

  • altitude
    ()
    float64
    116.7

    long_name :

    altitude

    units :

    meters

    standard_name :

    altitude

    array(116.7)

  • sweep_mode
    ()
    <U20
    'azimuth_surveillance'

    array('azimuth_surveillance', dtype='<U20')

  • latitude
    ()
    float64
    50.86

    long_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    positive :

    up

    standard_name :

    latitude

    array(50.856633)

• Data variables: (8)
  • volume_number
    ()
    int64
    0

    array(0)

  • platform_type
    ()
    <U5
    'fixed'

    array('fixed', dtype='<U5')

  • instrument_type
    ()
    <U5
    'radar'

    array('radar', dtype='<U5')

  • primary_axis
    ()
    <U6
    'axis_z'

    array('axis_z', dtype='<U6')

  • time_coverage_start
    ()
    <U20
    '2013-05-10T00:00:06Z'

    array('2013-05-10T00:00:06Z', dtype='<U20')

  • time_coverage_end
    ()
    <U20
    '2013-05-10T00:03:14Z'

    array('2013-05-10T00:03:14Z', dtype='<U20')

  • sweep_group_name
    (sweep)
    <U8
    'sweep_0' 'sweep_1' ... 'sweep_13'

    array(['sweep_0', 'sweep_1', 'sweep_2', 'sweep_3', 'sweep_4', 'sweep_5',
           'sweep_6', 'sweep_7', 'sweep_8', 'sweep_9', 'sweep_10', 'sweep_11',
           'sweep_12', 'sweep_13'], dtype='<U8')

  • sweep_fixed_angle
    (sweep)
    float64
    0.6 1.4 2.4 3.5 ... 21.3 25.4 30.0

    array([ 0.6,  1.4,  2.4,  3.5,  4.8,  6.3,  8. ,  9.9, 12.2, 14.8, 17.9,
           21.3, 25.4, 30. ])

• Attributes: (9)

  version :

  None

  title :

  None

  institution :

  None

  references :

  None

  source :

  None

  history :

  None

  comment :

  im/exported using wradlib

  instrument_name :

  None

  fixed_angle :

  0.6

Inspect sweep group(s)

The sweep-groups can be accessed via their respective keys. The dimensions consist of range and time with added coordinates azimuth, elevation, range and time. There will be variables like radar moments (DBZH etc.) and sweep-dependend metadata (like fixed_angle, sweep_mode etc.).

display(vol[0])

<xarray.Dataset>
Dimensions:     (azimuth: 361, range: 400)
Coordinates:
  * azimuth     (azimuth) float64 46.52 47.51 48.51 49.52 ... 44.52 45.51 46.51
    elevation   (azimuth) float64 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 ... 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6
  * range       (range) float32 125.0 375.0 625.0 ... 9.962e+04 9.988e+04
    time        datetime64[ns] 2013-05-10T00:00:06
    rtime       (azimuth) datetime64[ns] 2013-05-10T00:00:06.015151500 ... 20...
    longitude   float64 6.38
    latitude    float64 50.86
    altitude    float64 116.7
    sweep_mode  <U20 'azimuth_surveillance'
Data variables:
    DBZH        (azimuth, range) float32 ...
Attributes:
    fixed_angle:  0.6

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • azimuth: 361
  • range: 400
• Coordinates: (9)
  • azimuth
    (azimuth)
    float64
    46.52 47.51 48.51 ... 45.51 46.51

    standard_name :

    ray_azimuth_angle

    long_name :

    azimuth_angle_from_true_north

    units :

    degrees

    axis :

    radial_azimuth_coordinate

    a1gate :

    47

    angle_res :

    1.0

    array([46.515991, 47.510254, 48.51001 , ..., 44.521973, 45.510742, 46.505005])

  • elevation
    (azimuth)
    float64
    ...

    standard_name :

    ray_elevation_angle

    long_name :

    elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane

    units :

    degrees

    axis :

    radial_elevation_coordinate

    array([0.6, 0.6, 0.6, ..., 0.6, 0.6, 0.6])

  • range
    (range)
    float32
    125.0 375.0 ... 9.962e+04 9.988e+04

    units :

    meters

    standard_name :

    projection_range_coordinate

    long_name :

    range_to_measurement_volume

    spacing_is_constant :

    true

    axis :

    radial_range_coordinate

    meters_to_center_of_first_gate :

    125.0

    meters_between_gates :

    250.0

    array([  125.,   375.,   625., ..., 99375., 99625., 99875.], dtype=float32)

  • time
    ()
    datetime64[ns]
    2013-05-10T00:00:06

    standard_name :

    time

    array('2013-05-10T00:00:06.000000000', dtype='datetime64[ns]')

  • rtime
    (azimuth)
    datetime64[ns]
    2013-05-10T00:00:06.015151500 .....

    standard_name :

    time

    array(['2013-05-10T00:00:06.015151500', '2013-05-10T00:00:06.045454500',
           '2013-05-10T00:00:06.075757500', ..., '2013-05-10T00:00:16.863636500',
           '2013-05-10T00:00:16.893939500', '2013-05-10T00:00:16.924242500'],
          dtype='datetime64[ns]')

  • longitude
    ()
    float64
    ...

    long_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    standard_name :

    longitude

    array(6.379967)

  • latitude
    ()
    float64
    ...

    long_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    positive :

    up

    standard_name :

    latitude

    array(50.856633)

  • altitude
    ()
    float64
    ...

    long_name :

    altitude

    units :

    meters

    standard_name :

    altitude

    array(116.7)

  • sweep_mode
    ()
    <U20
    ...

    array('azimuth_surveillance', dtype='<U20')

• Data variables: (1)
  • DBZH
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Equivalent reflectivity factor H

    units :

    dBZ

    standard_name :

    radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h

    [144400 values with dtype=float32]

• Attributes: (1)

  fixed_angle :

  0.6

Goereferencing

swp = vol[0].copy().pipe(wrl.georef.georeference_dataset)

Plotting

swp.DBZH.plot.pcolormesh(x='x', y='y')
pl.gca().set_aspect('equal')

fig = pl.figure(figsize=(10,10))
swp.DBZH.wradlib.plot_ppi(proj='cg', fig=fig)

<matplotlib.collections.QuadMesh at 0x7f0a2de61810>

import cartopy
import cartopy.crs as ccrs
import cartopy.feature as cfeature

map_trans = ccrs.AzimuthalEquidistant(central_latitude=swp.latitude.values,
                                      central_longitude=swp.longitude.values)

map_proj = ccrs.AzimuthalEquidistant(central_latitude=swp.latitude.values,
                                      central_longitude=swp.longitude.values)
pm = swp.DBZH.wradlib.plot_ppi(proj=map_proj)
ax = pl.gca()
ax.gridlines(crs=map_proj)
print(ax)

< GeoAxes: +proj=aeqd +ellps=WGS84 +lon_0=6.379967 +lat_0=50.856633 +x_0=0.0 +y_0=0.0 +no_defs +type=crs >

map_proj = ccrs.Mercator(central_longitude=swp.longitude.values)
fig = pl.figure(figsize=(10,8))
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection=map_proj)
pm = swp.DBZH.wradlib.plot_ppi(ax=ax)
ax.gridlines(draw_labels=True)

<cartopy.mpl.gridliner.Gridliner at 0x7f0a2db235e0>

import cartopy.feature as cfeature
def plot_borders(ax):
    borders = cfeature.NaturalEarthFeature(category='physical',
                                           name='coastline',
                                           scale='10m',
                                           facecolor='none')
    ax.add_feature(borders, edgecolor='black', lw=2, zorder=4)

map_proj = ccrs.Mercator(central_longitude=swp.longitude.values)
fig = pl.figure(figsize=(10,8))
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection=map_proj)

DBZH = swp.DBZH
pm = DBZH.where(DBZH > 0).wradlib.plot_ppi(ax=ax)
plot_borders(ax)
ax.gridlines(draw_labels=True)

<cartopy.mpl.gridliner.Gridliner at 0x7f0a2dbabfd0>

import matplotlib.path as mpath
theta = np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi, 100)
center, radius = [0.5, 0.5], 0.5
verts = np.vstack([np.sin(theta), np.cos(theta)]).T
circle = mpath.Path(verts * radius + center)

map_proj = ccrs.AzimuthalEquidistant(central_latitude=swp.latitude.values,
                                     central_longitude=swp.longitude.values,
                                    )
fig = pl.figure(figsize=(10,8))
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection=map_proj)
ax.set_boundary(circle, transform=ax.transAxes)

pm = swp.DBZH.wradlib.plot_ppi(proj=map_proj, ax=ax)
ax = pl.gca()
ax.gridlines(crs=map_proj)

<cartopy.mpl.gridliner.Gridliner at 0x7f0a2dcec970>

fig = pl.figure(figsize=(10, 8))
proj=ccrs.AzimuthalEquidistant(central_latitude=swp.latitude.values,
                               central_longitude=swp.longitude.values)
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection=proj)
pm = swp.DBZH.wradlib.plot_ppi(ax=ax)
ax.gridlines()

<cartopy.mpl.gridliner.Gridliner at 0x7f0a360ea470>

swp.DBZH.wradlib.plot_ppi()

<matplotlib.collections.QuadMesh at 0x7f0a2c5526b0>

Inspect radar moments

The DataArrays can be accessed by key or by attribute. Each DataArray has dimensions and coordinates of it’s parent dataset.

display(swp.DBZH)

<xarray.DataArray 'DBZH' (azimuth: 361, range: 400)>
array([[24.5, 11.5,  7.5, ...,  nan,  nan,  nan],
       [24.5, 10. ,  2.5, ...,  nan,  nan,  nan],
       [24.5, 12.5,  3.5, ...,  nan,  nan,  nan],
       ...,
       [25. ,  8. ,  7. , ...,  nan,  nan,  nan],
       [25. ,  9.5,  7.5, ...,  nan,  nan,  nan],
       [25.5, 12. ,  8. , ...,  nan,  nan,  nan]], dtype=float32)
Coordinates: (12/15)
  * azimuth     (azimuth) float64 46.52 47.51 48.51 49.52 ... 44.52 45.51 46.51
    elevation   (azimuth) float64 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 ... 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6
  * range       (range) float32 125.0 375.0 625.0 ... 9.962e+04 9.988e+04
    time        datetime64[ns] 2013-05-10T00:00:06
    rtime       (azimuth) datetime64[ns] 2013-05-10T00:00:06.015151500 ... 20...
    longitude   float64 6.38
    ...          ...
    x           (azimuth, range) float64 90.69 272.1 ... 7.225e+04 7.244e+04
    y           (azimuth, range) float64 86.01 258.0 ... 6.855e+04 6.873e+04
    z           (azimuth, range) float64 118.0 120.6 ... 1.744e+03 1.75e+03
    gr          (azimuth, range) float64 124.6 374.6 ... 9.96e+04 9.985e+04
    rays        (azimuth, range) float64 46.52 46.52 46.52 ... 46.51 46.51 46.51
    bins        (azimuth, range) float32 125.0 375.0 ... 9.962e+04 9.988e+04
Attributes:
    long_name:      Equivalent reflectivity factor H
    units:          dBZ
    standard_name:  radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h

xarray.DataArray

'DBZH'

• azimuth: 361
• range: 400

• 24.5 11.5 7.5 8.5 5.0 11.5 27.5 -14.5 ... nan nan nan nan nan nan nan

  array([[24.5, 11.5,  7.5, ...,  nan,  nan,  nan],
         [24.5, 10. ,  2.5, ...,  nan,  nan,  nan],
         [24.5, 12.5,  3.5, ...,  nan,  nan,  nan],
         ...,
         [25. ,  8. ,  7. , ...,  nan,  nan,  nan],
         [25. ,  9.5,  7.5, ...,  nan,  nan,  nan],
         [25.5, 12. ,  8. , ...,  nan,  nan,  nan]], dtype=float32)

• Coordinates: (15)
  • azimuth
    (azimuth)
    float64
    46.52 47.51 48.51 ... 45.51 46.51

    standard_name :

    ray_azimuth_angle

    long_name :

    azimuth_angle_from_true_north

    units :

    degrees

    axis :

    radial_azimuth_coordinate

    a1gate :

    47

    angle_res :

    1.0

    array([46.515991, 47.510254, 48.51001 , ..., 44.521973, 45.510742, 46.505005])

  • elevation
    (azimuth)
    float64
    0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 ... 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6

    standard_name :

    ray_elevation_angle

    long_name :

    elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane

    units :

    degrees

    axis :

    radial_elevation_coordinate

    array([0.6, 0.6, 0.6, ..., 0.6, 0.6, 0.6])

  • range
    (range)
    float32
    125.0 375.0 ... 9.962e+04 9.988e+04

    units :

    meters

    standard_name :

    projection_range_coordinate

    long_name :

    range_to_measurement_volume

    spacing_is_constant :

    true

    axis :

    radial_range_coordinate

    meters_to_center_of_first_gate :

    125.0

    meters_between_gates :

    250.0

    array([  125.,   375.,   625., ..., 99375., 99625., 99875.], dtype=float32)

  • time
    ()
    datetime64[ns]
    2013-05-10T00:00:06

    standard_name :

    time

    array('2013-05-10T00:00:06.000000000', dtype='datetime64[ns]')

  • rtime
    (azimuth)
    datetime64[ns]
    2013-05-10T00:00:06.015151500 .....

    standard_name :

    time

    array(['2013-05-10T00:00:06.015151500', '2013-05-10T00:00:06.045454500',
           '2013-05-10T00:00:06.075757500', ..., '2013-05-10T00:00:16.863636500',
           '2013-05-10T00:00:16.893939500', '2013-05-10T00:00:16.924242500'],
          dtype='datetime64[ns]')

  • longitude
    ()
    float64
    6.38

    long_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    standard_name :

    longitude

    array(6.379967)

  • latitude
    ()
    float64
    50.86

    long_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    positive :

    up

    standard_name :

    latitude

    array(50.856633)

  • altitude
    ()
    float64
    116.7

    long_name :

    altitude

    units :

    meters

    standard_name :

    altitude

    array(116.7)

  • sweep_mode
    ()
    <U20
    'azimuth_surveillance'

    array('azimuth_surveillance', dtype='<U20')

  • x
    (azimuth, range)
    float64
    90.69 272.1 ... 7.225e+04 7.244e+04

    array([[   90.68957421,   272.06863878,   453.44759169, ...,
            72086.09163674, 72267.40108718, 72448.71036117],
           [   92.16844376,   276.50524606,   460.84193488, ...,
            73261.59529014, 73445.86134312, 73630.12721676],
           [   93.62749843,   280.88240873,   468.13720375, ...,
            74421.34876625, 74608.53180724, 74795.71466607],
           ...,
           [   87.64181855,   262.92537462,   438.20882279, ...,
            69663.5331953 , 69838.74947673, 70013.96558764],
           [   89.16660209,   267.49972385,   445.83273581, ...,
            70875.53233871, 71053.79701539, 71232.06151857],
           [   90.67307973,   272.01915537,   453.36511938, ...,
            72072.98073546, 72254.25720964, 72435.53350739]])

  • y
    (azimuth, range)
    float64
    86.01 258.0 ... 6.855e+04 6.873e+04

    array([[   86.01310007,   258.03922068,   430.0652354 , ...,
            68368.91966606, 68540.87976225, 68712.83969109],
           [   84.42647824,   253.27935668,   422.13213117, ...,
            67107.76735452, 67276.55542644, 67445.34333409],
           [   82.8054575 ,   248.41629593,   414.02703242, ...,
            65819.27249352, 65984.81976975, 66150.36688486],
           ...,
           [   89.11657475,   267.34964185,   445.58259923, ...,
            70835.76728258, 71013.931943  , 71192.09643003],
           [   87.59092033,   262.77268001,   437.95433185, ...,
            69623.07591214, 69798.19043625, 69973.30478993],
           [   86.03048799,   258.09138445,   430.15217498, ...,
            68382.74074406, 68554.73560275, 68726.73029404]])

  • z
    (azimuth, range)
    float64
    118.0 120.6 ... 1.744e+03 1.75e+03

    array([[ 117.9758027 ,  120.59374803,  123.21169239, ..., 1738.80857207,
            1744.39058777, 1749.97268065],
           [ 117.9758027 ,  120.59374803,  123.21169239, ..., 1738.80857207,
            1744.39058777, 1749.97268065],
           [ 117.9758027 ,  120.59374803,  123.21169239, ..., 1738.80857207,
            1744.39058777, 1749.97268065],
           ...,
           [ 117.9758027 ,  120.59374803,  123.21169239, ..., 1738.80857207,
            1744.39058777, 1749.97268065],
           [ 117.9758027 ,  120.59374803,  123.21169239, ..., 1738.80857207,
            1744.39058777, 1749.97268065],
           [ 117.9758027 ,  120.59374803,  123.21169239, ..., 1738.80857207,
            1744.39058777, 1749.97268065]])

  • gr
    (azimuth, range)
    float64
    124.6 374.6 ... 9.96e+04 9.985e+04

    array([[  124.6455536 ,   374.62825547,   624.61080346, ...,
            99351.12008154, 99601.0068389 , 99850.89335306],
           [  124.64560519,   374.62830698,   624.61085494, ...,
            99351.120133  , 99601.00689036, 99850.89340452],
           [  124.64576236,   374.62846385,   624.61101176, ...,
            99351.12028973, 99601.00704709, 99850.89356125],
           ...,
           [  124.64576485,   374.62846634,   624.61101424, ...,
            99351.12029221, 99601.00704957, 99850.89356373],
           [  124.6456076 ,   374.62830938,   624.61085735, ...,
            99351.1201354 , 99601.00689276, 99850.89340692],
           [  124.64555361,   374.62825549,   624.61080347, ...,
            99351.12008156, 99601.00683891, 99850.89335308]])

  • rays
    (azimuth, range)
    float64
    46.52 46.52 46.52 ... 46.51 46.51

    array([[46.51599121, 46.51599121, 46.51599121, ..., 46.51599121,
            46.51599121, 46.51599121],
           [47.51025391, 47.51025391, 47.51025391, ..., 47.51025391,
            47.51025391, 47.51025391],
           [48.51000977, 48.51000977, 48.51000977, ..., 48.51000977,
            48.51000977, 48.51000977],
           ...,
           [44.52197266, 44.52197266, 44.52197266, ..., 44.52197266,
            44.52197266, 44.52197266],
           [45.51074219, 45.51074219, 45.51074219, ..., 45.51074219,
            45.51074219, 45.51074219],
           [46.50500488, 46.50500488, 46.50500488, ..., 46.50500488,
            46.50500488, 46.50500488]])

  • bins
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    125.0 375.0 ... 9.962e+04 9.988e+04

    array([[  125.,   375.,   625., ..., 99375., 99625., 99875.],
           [  125.,   375.,   625., ..., 99375., 99625., 99875.],
           [  125.,   375.,   625., ..., 99375., 99625., 99875.],
           ...,
           [  125.,   375.,   625., ..., 99375., 99625., 99875.],
           [  125.,   375.,   625., ..., 99375., 99625., 99875.],
           [  125.,   375.,   625., ..., 99375., 99625., 99875.]],
          dtype=float32)

• Attributes: (3)

  long_name :

  Equivalent reflectivity factor H

  units :

  dBZ

  standard_name :

  radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h

Create simple plot

Using xarray features a simple plot can be created like this. Note the sortby('rtime') method, which sorts the radials by time.

swp.DBZH.sortby('rtime').plot(x="range", y="rtime", add_labels=False)

<matplotlib.collections.QuadMesh at 0x7f0a2c422c50>

fig = pl.figure(figsize=(5,5))
pm = swp.DBZH.wradlib.plot_ppi(proj={'latmin': 3e3}, fig=fig)

Mask some values

dbzh = swp['DBZH'].where(swp['DBZH'] >= 0)
dbzh.plot(x="x", y="y")

<matplotlib.collections.QuadMesh at 0x7f0a2da97130>

vol[0]

<xarray.Dataset>
Dimensions:     (azimuth: 361, range: 400)
Coordinates:
  * azimuth     (azimuth) float64 46.52 47.51 48.51 49.52 ... 44.52 45.51 46.51
    elevation   (azimuth) float64 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 ... 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6
  * range       (range) float32 125.0 375.0 625.0 ... 9.962e+04 9.988e+04
    time        datetime64[ns] 2013-05-10T00:00:06
    rtime       (azimuth) datetime64[ns] 2013-05-10T00:00:06.015151500 ... 20...
    longitude   float64 6.38
    latitude    float64 50.86
    altitude    float64 116.7
    sweep_mode  <U20 'azimuth_surveillance'
Data variables:
    DBZH        (azimuth, range) float32 ...
Attributes:
    fixed_angle:  0.6

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • azimuth: 361
  • range: 400
• Coordinates: (9)
  • azimuth
    (azimuth)
    float64
    46.52 47.51 48.51 ... 45.51 46.51

    standard_name :

    ray_azimuth_angle

    long_name :

    azimuth_angle_from_true_north

    units :

    degrees

    axis :

    radial_azimuth_coordinate

    a1gate :

    47

    angle_res :

    1.0

    array([46.515991, 47.510254, 48.51001 , ..., 44.521973, 45.510742, 46.505005])

  • elevation
    (azimuth)
    float64
    0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 ... 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6

    standard_name :

    ray_elevation_angle

    long_name :

    elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane

    units :

    degrees

    axis :

    radial_elevation_coordinate

    array([0.6, 0.6, 0.6, ..., 0.6, 0.6, 0.6])

  • range
    (range)
    float32
    125.0 375.0 ... 9.962e+04 9.988e+04

    units :

    meters

    standard_name :

    projection_range_coordinate

    long_name :

    range_to_measurement_volume

    spacing_is_constant :

    true

    axis :

    radial_range_coordinate

    meters_to_center_of_first_gate :

    125.0

    meters_between_gates :

    250.0

    array([  125.,   375.,   625., ..., 99375., 99625., 99875.], dtype=float32)

  • time
    ()
    datetime64[ns]
    2013-05-10T00:00:06

    standard_name :

    time

    array('2013-05-10T00:00:06.000000000', dtype='datetime64[ns]')

  • rtime
    (azimuth)
    datetime64[ns]
    2013-05-10T00:00:06.015151500 .....

    standard_name :

    time

    array(['2013-05-10T00:00:06.015151500', '2013-05-10T00:00:06.045454500',
           '2013-05-10T00:00:06.075757500', ..., '2013-05-10T00:00:16.863636500',
           '2013-05-10T00:00:16.893939500', '2013-05-10T00:00:16.924242500'],
          dtype='datetime64[ns]')

  • longitude
    ()
    float64
    6.38

    long_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    standard_name :

    longitude

    array(6.379967)

  • latitude
    ()
    float64
    50.86

    long_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    positive :

    up

    standard_name :

    latitude

    array(50.856633)

  • altitude
    ()
    float64
    116.7

    long_name :

    altitude

    units :

    meters

    standard_name :

    altitude

    array(116.7)

  • sweep_mode
    ()
    <U20
    'azimuth_surveillance'

    array('azimuth_surveillance', dtype='<U20')

• Data variables: (1)
  • DBZH
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Equivalent reflectivity factor H

    units :

    dBZ

    standard_name :

    radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h

    [144400 values with dtype=float32]

• Attributes: (1)

  fixed_angle :

  0.6

Export to ODIM and CfRadial2

vol[0].DBZH.sortby("rtime").plot(y="rtime")

<matplotlib.collections.QuadMesh at 0x7f0a2daf66e0>

vol.to_odim('rainbow_as_odim.h5')
vol.to_cfradial2('rainbow_as_cfradial2.nc')

Import again

vola = wrl.io.open_odim_dataset('rainbow_as_odim.h5', reindex_angle=False, keep_elevation=True)
display(vola.root)
display(vola[0])
vola[0].DBZH.sortby("rtime").plot(y="rtime")

<xarray.Dataset>
Dimensions:              (sweep: 14)
Coordinates:
    time                 datetime64[ns] 2013-05-10T00:00:06
    sweep_mode           <U20 'azimuth_surveillance'
    longitude            float64 6.38
    altitude             float64 116.7
    latitude             float64 50.86
Dimensions without coordinates: sweep
Data variables:
    volume_number        int64 0
    platform_type        <U5 'fixed'
    instrument_type      <U5 'radar'
    primary_axis         <U6 'axis_z'
    time_coverage_start  <U20 '2013-05-10T00:00:06Z'
    time_coverage_end    <U20 '2013-05-10T00:03:14Z'
    sweep_group_name     (sweep) <U8 'sweep_0' 'sweep_1' ... 'sweep_13'
    sweep_fixed_angle    (sweep) float64 0.6 1.4 2.4 3.5 ... 17.9 21.3 25.4 30.0
Attributes:
    version:          None
    title:            None
    institution:      None
    references:       None
    source:           None
    history:          None
    comment:          im/exported using wradlib
    instrument_name:  None
    fixed_angle:      0.6

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • sweep: 14
• Coordinates: (5)
  • time
    ()
    datetime64[ns]
    2013-05-10T00:00:06

    standard_name :

    time

    array('2013-05-10T00:00:06.000000000', dtype='datetime64[ns]')

  • sweep_mode
    ()
    <U20
    'azimuth_surveillance'

    array('azimuth_surveillance', dtype='<U20')

  • longitude
    ()
    float64
    6.38

    long_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    standard_name :

    longitude

    array(6.379967)

  • altitude
    ()
    float64
    116.7

    long_name :

    altitude

    units :

    meters

    standard_name :

    altitude

    array(116.7)

  • latitude
    ()
    float64
    50.86

    long_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    positive :

    up

    standard_name :

    latitude

    array(50.856633)

• Data variables: (8)
  • volume_number
    ()
    int64
    0

    array(0)

  • platform_type
    ()
    <U5
    'fixed'

    array('fixed', dtype='<U5')

  • instrument_type
    ()
    <U5
    'radar'

    array('radar', dtype='<U5')

  • primary_axis
    ()
    <U6
    'axis_z'

    array('axis_z', dtype='<U6')

  • time_coverage_start
    ()
    <U20
    '2013-05-10T00:00:06Z'

    array('2013-05-10T00:00:06Z', dtype='<U20')

  • time_coverage_end
    ()
    <U20
    '2013-05-10T00:03:14Z'

    array('2013-05-10T00:03:14Z', dtype='<U20')

  • sweep_group_name
    (sweep)
    <U8
    'sweep_0' 'sweep_1' ... 'sweep_13'

    array(['sweep_0', 'sweep_1', 'sweep_2', 'sweep_3', 'sweep_4', 'sweep_5',
           'sweep_6', 'sweep_7', 'sweep_8', 'sweep_9', 'sweep_10', 'sweep_11',
           'sweep_12', 'sweep_13'], dtype='<U8')

  • sweep_fixed_angle
    (sweep)
    float64
    0.6 1.4 2.4 3.5 ... 21.3 25.4 30.0

    array([ 0.6,  1.4,  2.4,  3.5,  4.8,  6.3,  8. ,  9.9, 12.2, 14.8, 17.9,
           21.3, 25.4, 30. ])

• Attributes: (9)

  version :

  None

  title :

  None

  institution :

  None

  references :

  None

  source :

  None

  history :

  None

  comment :

  im/exported using wradlib

  instrument_name :

  None

  fixed_angle :

  0.6

<xarray.Dataset>
Dimensions:     (azimuth: 361, range: 400)
Coordinates:
  * azimuth     (azimuth) float64 -0.4945 0.5492 1.505 ... 356.5 357.5 358.5
    elevation   (azimuth) float64 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 ... 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6
    rtime       (azimuth) datetime64[ns] 2013-05-10T00:00:15.500000 ... 2013-...
  * range       (range) float32 125.0 375.0 625.0 ... 9.962e+04 9.988e+04
    time        datetime64[ns] 2013-05-10T00:00:06
    sweep_mode  <U20 'azimuth_surveillance'
    longitude   float64 6.38
    latitude    float64 50.86
    altitude    float64 116.7
Data variables:
    DBZH        (azimuth, range) float32 ...
Attributes:
    fixed_angle:  0.6

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • azimuth: 361
  • range: 400
• Coordinates: (9)
  • azimuth
    (azimuth)
    float64
    -0.4945 0.5492 ... 357.5 358.5

    standard_name :

    ray_azimuth_angle

    long_name :

    azimuth_angle_from_true_north

    units :

    degrees

    axis :

    radial_azimuth_coordinate

    a1gate :

    48

    angle_res :

    1.0

    array([ -0.494507,   0.549194,   1.505005, ..., 356.500732, 357.516968,
           358.505737])

  • elevation
    (azimuth)
    float64
    ...

    standard_name :

    ray_elevation_angle

    long_name :

    elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane

    units :

    degrees

    axis :

    radial_elevation_coordinate

    array([0.6, 0.6, 0.6, ..., 0.6, 0.6, 0.6])

  • rtime
    (azimuth)
    datetime64[ns]
    2013-05-10T00:00:15.500000 ... 2...

    standard_name :

    time

    array(['2013-05-10T00:00:15.500000000', '2013-05-10T00:00:15.530303488',
           '2013-05-10T00:00:15.560606464', ..., '2013-05-10T00:00:15.409090560',
           '2013-05-10T00:00:15.439393536', '2013-05-10T00:00:15.469696512'],
          dtype='datetime64[ns]')

  • range
    (range)
    float32
    125.0 375.0 ... 9.962e+04 9.988e+04

    units :

    meters

    standard_name :

    projection_range_coordinate

    long_name :

    range_to_measurement_volume

    spacing_is_constant :

    true

    axis :

    radial_range_coordinate

    meters_to_center_of_first_gate :

    125.0

    meters_between_gates :

    250.0

    array([  125.,   375.,   625., ..., 99375., 99625., 99875.], dtype=float32)

  • time
    ()
    datetime64[ns]
    2013-05-10T00:00:06

    standard_name :

    time

    array('2013-05-10T00:00:06.000000000', dtype='datetime64[ns]')

  • sweep_mode
    ()
    <U20
    ...

    array('azimuth_surveillance', dtype='<U20')

  • longitude
    ()
    float64
    ...

    long_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    standard_name :

    longitude

    array(6.379967)

  • latitude
    ()
    float64
    ...

    long_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    positive :

    up

    standard_name :

    latitude

    array(50.856633)

  • altitude
    ()
    float64
    ...

    long_name :

    altitude

    units :

    meters

    standard_name :

    altitude

    array(116.7)

• Data variables: (1)
  • DBZH
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    _Undetect :

    1.7976931348623157e+308

    long_name :

    Equivalent reflectivity factor H

    units :

    dBZ

    standard_name :

    radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h

    [144400 values with dtype=float32]

• Attributes: (1)

  fixed_angle :

  0.6

<matplotlib.collections.QuadMesh at 0x7f0a2da00760>

volb = wrl.io.open_cfradial2_dataset('rainbow_as_cfradial2.nc')
display(volb.root)
display(volb[0])
volb[0].DBZH.sortby("rtime").plot(y="rtime")

<xarray.Dataset>
Dimensions:              (sweep: 14)
Coordinates:
    longitude            float64 6.38
    altitude             float64 116.7
    sweep_mode           <U20 'azimuth_surveillance'
    time                 datetime64[ns] 2013-05-10T00:00:06
    latitude             float64 50.86
Dimensions without coordinates: sweep
Data variables:
    volume_number        int64 0
    platform_type        <U5 'fixed'
    instrument_type      <U5 'radar'
    primary_axis         <U6 'axis_z'
    time_coverage_start  <U20 '2013-05-10T00:00:06Z'
    time_coverage_end    <U20 '2013-05-10T00:03:14Z'
    sweep_group_name     (sweep) <U8 'sweep_0' 'sweep_1' ... 'sweep_13'
    sweep_fixed_angle    (sweep) float64 0.6 1.4 2.4 3.5 ... 17.9 21.3 25.4 30.0
Attributes:
    version:          None
    title:            None
    institution:      None
    references:       None
    source:           None
    history:          None
    comment:          im/exported using wradlib
    instrument_name:  None
    fixed_angle:      0.6

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • sweep: 14
• Coordinates: (5)
  • longitude
    ()
    float64
    6.38

    _FillValue :

    nan

    long_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    standard_name :

    longitude

    array(6.379967)

  • altitude
    ()
    float64
    116.7

    _FillValue :

    nan

    long_name :

    altitude

    units :

    meters

    standard_name :

    altitude

    array(116.7)

  • sweep_mode
    ()
    <U20
    'azimuth_surveillance'

    array('azimuth_surveillance', dtype='<U20')

  • time
    ()
    datetime64[ns]
    2013-05-10T00:00:06

    array('2013-05-10T00:00:06.000000000', dtype='datetime64[ns]')

  • latitude
    ()
    float64
    50.86

    _FillValue :

    nan

    long_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    positive :

    up

    standard_name :

    latitude

    array(50.856633)

• Data variables: (8)
  • volume_number
    ()
    int64
    0

    array(0)

  • platform_type
    ()
    <U5
    'fixed'

    array('fixed', dtype='<U5')

  • instrument_type
    ()
    <U5
    'radar'

    array('radar', dtype='<U5')

  • primary_axis
    ()
    <U6
    'axis_z'

    array('axis_z', dtype='<U6')

  • time_coverage_start
    ()
    <U20
    '2013-05-10T00:00:06Z'

    array('2013-05-10T00:00:06Z', dtype='<U20')

  • time_coverage_end
    ()
    <U20
    '2013-05-10T00:03:14Z'

    array('2013-05-10T00:03:14Z', dtype='<U20')

  • sweep_group_name
    (sweep)
    <U8
    'sweep_0' 'sweep_1' ... 'sweep_13'

    array(['sweep_0', 'sweep_1', 'sweep_2', 'sweep_3', 'sweep_4', 'sweep_5',
           'sweep_6', 'sweep_7', 'sweep_8', 'sweep_9', 'sweep_10', 'sweep_11',
           'sweep_12', 'sweep_13'], dtype='<U8')

  • sweep_fixed_angle
    (sweep)
    float64
    0.6 1.4 2.4 3.5 ... 21.3 25.4 30.0

    array([ 0.6,  1.4,  2.4,  3.5,  4.8,  6.3,  8. ,  9.9, 12.2, 14.8, 17.9,
           21.3, 25.4, 30. ])

• Attributes: (9)

  version :

  None

  title :

  None

  institution :

  None

  references :

  None

  source :

  None

  history :

  None

  comment :

  im/exported using wradlib

  instrument_name :

  None

  fixed_angle :

  0.6

<xarray.Dataset>
Dimensions:     (azimuth: 361, range: 400)
Coordinates:
  * azimuth     (azimuth) float64 -0.4945 0.5492 1.505 ... 356.5 357.5 358.5
    elevation   (azimuth) float64 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 ... 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6
  * range       (range) float32 125.0 375.0 625.0 ... 9.962e+04 9.988e+04
    rtime       (azimuth) datetime64[ns] 2013-05-10T00:00:15.500000 ... 2013-...
    longitude   float64 6.38
    latitude    float64 50.86
    altitude    float64 116.7
    sweep_mode  <U20 'azimuth_surveillance'
    time        datetime64[ns] 2013-05-10T00:00:06
Data variables:
    DBZH        (azimuth, range) float32 ...
Attributes:
    fixed_angle:  0.6

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • azimuth: 361
  • range: 400
• Coordinates: (9)
  • azimuth
    (azimuth)
    float64
    -0.4945 0.5492 ... 357.5 358.5

    standard_name :

    ray_azimuth_angle

    long_name :

    azimuth_angle_from_true_north

    units :

    degrees

    axis :

    radial_azimuth_coordinate

    a1gate :

    47

    angle_res :

    1.0

    array([ -0.494507,   0.549194,   1.505005, ..., 356.500732, 357.516968,
           358.505737])

  • elevation
    (azimuth)
    float64
    ...

    standard_name :

    ray_elevation_angle

    long_name :

    elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane

    units :

    degrees

    axis :

    radial_elevation_coordinate

    array([0.6, 0.6, 0.6, ..., 0.6, 0.6, 0.6])

  • range
    (range)
    float32
    125.0 375.0 ... 9.962e+04 9.988e+04

    units :

    meters

    standard_name :

    projection_range_coordinate

    long_name :

    range_to_measurement_volume

    spacing_is_constant :

    true

    axis :

    radial_range_coordinate

    meters_to_center_of_first_gate :

    125.0

    meters_between_gates :

    250.0

    array([  125.,   375.,   625., ..., 99375., 99625., 99875.], dtype=float32)

  • rtime
    (azimuth)
    datetime64[ns]
    2013-05-10T00:00:15.500000 ... 2...

    standard_name :

    time

    array(['2013-05-10T00:00:15.500000000', '2013-05-10T00:00:15.530303500',
           '2013-05-10T00:00:15.560606500', ..., '2013-05-10T00:00:15.409090500',
           '2013-05-10T00:00:15.439393500', '2013-05-10T00:00:15.469696500'],
          dtype='datetime64[ns]')

  • longitude
    ()
    float64
    ...

    _FillValue :

    nan

    long_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    standard_name :

    longitude

    array(6.379967)

  • latitude
    ()
    float64
    ...

    _FillValue :

    nan

    long_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    positive :

    up

    standard_name :

    latitude

    array(50.856633)

  • altitude
    ()
    float64
    ...

    _FillValue :

    nan

    long_name :

    altitude

    units :

    meters

    standard_name :

    altitude

    array(116.7)

  • sweep_mode
    ()
    <U20
    ...

    array('azimuth_surveillance', dtype='<U20')

  • time
    ()
    datetime64[ns]
    2013-05-10T00:00:06

    array('2013-05-10T00:00:06.000000000', dtype='datetime64[ns]')

• Data variables: (1)
  • DBZH
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Equivalent reflectivity factor H

    units :

    dBZ

    standard_name :

    radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h

    coordinates :

    elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode

    [144400 values with dtype=float32]

• Attributes: (1)

  fixed_angle :

  0.6

<matplotlib.collections.QuadMesh at 0x7f0a2d8dc490>

Check equality

We have to sort accordingly and drop the time variables when checking equality.

xr.testing.assert_allclose(vol.root, vola.root)
xr.testing.assert_allclose(vol[0].drop(["rtime", "time"]), vola[0].sortby("rtime").drop(["rtime", "time"]))
xr.testing.assert_allclose(vol.root.drop("time"), volb.root.drop("time"))
xr.testing.assert_allclose(vol[0].drop(["rtime", "time"]), volb[0].sortby("rtime").drop(["rtime", "time"]))
xr.testing.assert_allclose(vola.root, volb.root)
xr.testing.assert_allclose(vola[0].drop("rtime"), volb[0].drop(["rtime"]))

More Rainbow5 loading mechanisms

Use xr.open_dataset to retrieve explicit group

swp = xr.open_dataset(f, engine="rainbow", group=5, backend_kwargs=dict(reindex_angle=False))
display(swp)

<xarray.Dataset>
Dimensions:     (azimuth: 361, range: 400)
Coordinates:
  * azimuth     (azimuth) float64 166.5 167.5 168.5 169.5 ... 164.5 165.5 166.5
    elevation   (azimuth) float64 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 ... 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3
  * range       (range) float32 125.0 375.0 625.0 ... 9.962e+04 9.988e+04
    time        datetime64[ns] 2013-05-10T00:01:14
    rtime       (azimuth) datetime64[ns] 2013-05-10T00:01:14.015151500 ... 20...
    longitude   float64 6.38
    latitude    float64 50.86
    altitude    float64 116.7
    sweep_mode  <U20 'azimuth_surveillance'
Data variables:
    DBZH        (azimuth, range) float32 ...
Attributes:
    fixed_angle:  6.3

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • azimuth: 361
  • range: 400
• Coordinates: (9)
  • azimuth
    (azimuth)
    float64
    166.5 167.5 168.5 ... 165.5 166.5

    standard_name :

    ray_azimuth_angle

    long_name :

    azimuth_angle_from_true_north

    units :

    degrees

    axis :

    radial_azimuth_coordinate

    a1gate :

    167

    angle_res :

    1.0

    array([166.508667, 167.50293 , 168.524658, ..., 164.509155, 165.519897,
           166.508667])

  • elevation
    (azimuth)
    float64
    ...

    standard_name :

    ray_elevation_angle

    long_name :

    elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane

    units :

    degrees

    axis :

    radial_elevation_coordinate

    array([6.3, 6.3, 6.3, ..., 6.3, 6.3, 6.3])

  • range
    (range)
    float32
    125.0 375.0 ... 9.962e+04 9.988e+04

    units :

    meters

    standard_name :

    projection_range_coordinate

    long_name :

    range_to_measurement_volume

    spacing_is_constant :

    true

    axis :

    radial_range_coordinate

    meters_to_center_of_first_gate :

    125.0

    meters_between_gates :

    250.0

    array([  125.,   375.,   625., ..., 99375., 99625., 99875.], dtype=float32)

  • time
    ()
    datetime64[ns]
    ...

    standard_name :

    time

    array('2013-05-10T00:01:14.000000000', dtype='datetime64[ns]')

  • rtime
    (azimuth)
    datetime64[ns]
    ...

    standard_name :

    time

    array(['2013-05-10T00:01:14.015151500', '2013-05-10T00:01:14.045454500',
           '2013-05-10T00:01:14.075757500', ..., '2013-05-10T00:01:24.863636500',
           '2013-05-10T00:01:24.893939500', '2013-05-10T00:01:24.924242500'],
          dtype='datetime64[ns]')

  • longitude
    ()
    float64
    ...

    long_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    standard_name :

    longitude

    array(6.379967)

  • latitude
    ()
    float64
    ...

    long_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    positive :

    up

    standard_name :

    latitude

    array(50.856633)

  • altitude
    ()
    float64
    ...

    long_name :

    altitude

    units :

    meters

    standard_name :

    altitude

    array(116.7)

  • sweep_mode
    ()
    <U20
    ...

    array('azimuth_surveillance', dtype='<U20')

• Data variables: (1)
  • DBZH
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Equivalent reflectivity factor H

    units :

    dBZ

    standard_name :

    radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h

    [144400 values with dtype=float32]

• Attributes: (1)

  fixed_angle :

  6.3