xradar furuno backend#

In this example, we read scn/scnx (furuno) data files using the xradar furuno xarray backend.

[1]:

import glob
import gzip
import io
import wradlib as wrl
import warnings

warnings.filterwarnings("ignore")
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import xradar as xd
import xarray as xr

try:
    get_ipython().run_line_magic("matplotlib inline")
except:
    plt.ion()

Load furuno scn Data#

Data provided by University of Graz, Austria.

[2]:

fpath = "furuno/0080_20210730_160000_01_02.scn.gz"
f = wrl.util.get_wradlib_data_file(fpath)
vol = xd.io.open_furuno_datatree(f, reindex_angle=False)

Downloading file 'furuno/0080_20210730_160000_01_02.scn.gz' from 'https://github.com/wradlib/wradlib-data/raw/pooch/data/furuno/0080_20210730_160000_01_02.scn.gz' to '/home/runner/work/wradlib-notebooks/wradlib-notebooks/wradlib-data'.

Inspect RadarVolume#

[3]:

display(vol)

<xarray.DatasetView> Size: 248B
Dimensions:              (sweep: 1)
Dimensions without coordinates: sweep
Data variables:
    volume_number        int64 8B 0
    platform_type        <U5 20B 'fixed'
    instrument_type      <U5 20B 'radar'
    time_coverage_start  <U20 80B '2021-07-30T16:00:00Z'
    time_coverage_end    <U20 80B '2021-07-30T16:00:14Z'
    longitude            float64 8B 15.45
    altitude             float64 8B 407.9
    latitude             float64 8B 47.08
    sweep_fixed_angle    (sweep) float64 8B 7.8
    sweep_group_name     (sweep) int64 8B 0
Attributes:
    Conventions:      None
    instrument_name:  None
    version:          3
    title:            None
    institution:      None
    references:       None
    source:           Furuno
    history:          None
    comment:          im/exported using xradar

xarray.DataTree

Groups: (4)
<xarray.DatasetView> Size: 55MB Dimensions: (sweep: 1, azimuth: 1376, range: 602) Coordinates: elevation (azimuth) float64 11kB ... * range (range) float32 2kB 25.0 75.0 ... 3.002e+04 3.008e+04 time (azimuth) datetime64[ns] 11kB 2021-07-30T16:00:06.2777... longitude float64 8B ... latitude float64 8B ... altitude float64 8B ... * azimuth (azimuth) float64 11kB 0.21 0.47 0.74 ... 359.7 359.9 Dimensions without coordinates: sweep Data variables: (12/14) RATE (azimuth, range) float64 7MB ... DBZH (azimuth, range) float64 7MB ... VRADH (azimuth, range) float64 7MB ... ZDR (azimuth, range) float64 7MB ... KDP (azimuth, range) float64 7MB ... PHIDP (azimuth, range) float64 7MB ... ... ... QUAL (azimuth, range) uint16 2MB ... sweep_mode <U20 80B ... sweep_number int64 8B ... prt_mode <U7 28B ... follow_mode <U7 28B ... sweep_fixed_angle float64 8B ...
sweep_0
Groups: (0)
Dimensions:
sweep: 1
azimuth: 1376
range: 602
Coordinates: (7)
elevation
(azimuth)
float64
...
standard_name :
ray_elevation_angle
long_name :
elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane
units :
degrees
axis :
radial_elevation_coordinate
[1376 values with dtype=float64]
range
(range)
float32
25.0 75.0 ... 3.002e+04 3.008e+04
units :
meters
standard_name :
projection_range_coordinate
long_name :
range_to_measurement_volume
axis :
radial_range_coordinate
meters_between_gates :
50.0
spacing_is_constant :
true
meters_to_center_of_first_gate :
25.0
array([2.5000e+01, 7.5000e+01, 1.2500e+02, ..., 2.9975e+04, 3.0025e+04, 3.0075e+04], dtype=float32)
time
(azimuth)
datetime64[ns]
2021-07-30T16:00:06.277723500 .....
standard_name :
time
array(['2021-07-30T16:00:06.277723500', '2021-07-30T16:00:06.288556500', '2021-07-30T16:00:06.299389500', ..., '2021-07-30T16:00:06.245224500', '2021-07-30T16:00:06.256057500', '2021-07-30T16:00:06.266890500'], dtype='datetime64[ns]')
longitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
longitude
units :
degrees_east
standard_name :
longitude
[1 values with dtype=float64]
latitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
latitude
units :
degrees_north
positive :
up
standard_name :
latitude
[1 values with dtype=float64]
altitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
altitude
units :
meters
standard_name :
altitude
[1 values with dtype=float64]
azimuth
(azimuth)
float64
0.21 0.47 0.74 ... 359.7 359.9
standard_name :
ray_azimuth_angle
long_name :
azimuth_angle_from_true_north
units :
degrees
axis :
radial_azimuth_coordinate
array([2.1000e-01, 4.7000e-01, 7.4000e-01, ..., 3.5942e+02, 3.5968e+02, 3.5994e+02])
Data variables: (14)
RATE
(azimuth, range)
float64
...
long_name :
rainfall_rate
units :
mm h-1
standard_name :
rainfall_rate
[828352 values with dtype=float64]
DBZH
(azimuth, range)
float64
...
long_name :
Equivalent reflectivity factor H
units :
dBZ
standard_name :
radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h
[828352 values with dtype=float64]
VRADH
(azimuth, range)
float64
...
long_name :
Radial velocity of scatterers away from instrument H
units :
meters per seconds
standard_name :
radial_velocity_of_scatterers_away_from_instrument_h
[828352 values with dtype=float64]
ZDR
(azimuth, range)
float64
...
long_name :
Log differential reflectivity H/V
units :
dB
standard_name :
radar_differential_reflectivity_hv
[828352 values with dtype=float64]
KDP
(azimuth, range)
float64
...
long_name :
Specific differential phase HV
units :
degrees per kilometer
standard_name :
radar_specific_differential_phase_hv
[828352 values with dtype=float64]
PHIDP
(azimuth, range)
float64
...
long_name :
Differential phase HV
units :
degrees
standard_name :
radar_differential_phase_hv
[828352 values with dtype=float64]
RHOHV
(azimuth, range)
float64
...
long_name :
Correlation coefficient HV
units :
unitless
standard_name :
radar_correlation_coefficient_hv
[828352 values with dtype=float64]
WRADH
(azimuth, range)
float64
...
long_name :
Doppler spectrum width H
units :
meters per seconds
standard_name :
radar_doppler_spectrum_width_h
[828352 values with dtype=float64]
QUAL
(azimuth, range)
uint16
...
[828352 values with dtype=uint16]
sweep_mode
()
<U20
...
[1 values with dtype=<U20]
sweep_number
()
int64
...
[1 values with dtype=int64]
prt_mode
()
<U7
...
[1 values with dtype=<U7]
follow_mode
()
<U7
...
[1 values with dtype=<U7]
sweep_fixed_angle
()
float64
...
[1 values with dtype=float64]
Attributes: (0)
<xarray.DatasetView> Size: 24B Dimensions: (sweep: 1) Coordinates: longitude float64 8B ... latitude float64 8B ... altitude float64 8B ... Dimensions without coordinates: sweep Data variables: *empty*
radar_parameters
Groups: (0)
Dimensions:
sweep: 1
Coordinates: (3)
longitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
longitude
units :
degrees_east
standard_name :
longitude
[1 values with dtype=float64]
latitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
latitude
units :
degrees_north
positive :
up
standard_name :
latitude
[1 values with dtype=float64]
altitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
altitude
units :
meters
standard_name :
altitude
[1 values with dtype=float64]
Data variables: (0)
Attributes: (0)
<xarray.DatasetView> Size: 24B Dimensions: (sweep: 1) Coordinates: longitude float64 8B ... latitude float64 8B ... altitude float64 8B ... Dimensions without coordinates: sweep Data variables: *empty*
georeferencing_correction
Groups: (0)
Dimensions:
sweep: 1
Coordinates: (3)
longitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
longitude
units :
degrees_east
standard_name :
longitude
[1 values with dtype=float64]
latitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
latitude
units :
degrees_north
positive :
up
standard_name :
latitude
[1 values with dtype=float64]
altitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
altitude
units :
meters
standard_name :
altitude
[1 values with dtype=float64]
Data variables: (0)
Attributes: (0)
<xarray.DatasetView> Size: 16B Dimensions: (sweep: 1) Dimensions without coordinates: sweep Data variables: radar_constant_v float64 8B 9.144e-17 radar_constant_h float64 8B 9.575e-17
radar_calibration
Groups: (0)
Dimensions:
sweep: 1
Coordinates: (0)
Data variables: (2)
radar_constant_v
()
float64
9.144e-17
array(9.1445e-17)
radar_constant_h
()
float64
9.575e-17
array(9.57547e-17)
Attributes: (0)
Dimensions:
- sweep: 1
Coordinates: (0)
Inherited coordinates: (0)
Data variables: (10)
- volume_number
  ()
  int64
  0
```
array(0)
```
- platform_type
  ()
  <U5
  'fixed'
```
array('fixed', dtype='<U5')
```
- instrument_type
  ()
  <U5
  'radar'
```
array('radar', dtype='<U5')
```
- time_coverage_start
  ()
  <U20
  '2021-07-30T16:00:00Z'
```
array('2021-07-30T16:00:00Z', dtype='<U20')
```
- time_coverage_end
  ()
  <U20
  '2021-07-30T16:00:14Z'
```
array('2021-07-30T16:00:14Z', dtype='<U20')
```
- longitude
  ()
  float64
  15.45
  long_name :
  longitude
  units :
  degrees_east
  standard_name :
  longitude
```
array(15.44729)
```
- altitude
  ()
  float64
  407.9
  long_name :
  altitude
  units :
  meters
  standard_name :
  altitude
```
array(407.9)
```
- latitude
  ()
  float64
  47.08
  long_name :
  latitude
  units :
  degrees_north
  positive :
  up
  standard_name :
  latitude
```
array(47.07734)
```
- sweep_fixed_angle
  (sweep)
  float64
  7.8
```
array([7.8])
```
- sweep_group_name
  (sweep)
  int64
  0
```
array([0])
```
Attributes: (9)
Conventions :
None
instrument_name :
None
version :
3
title :
None
institution :
None
references :
None
source :
Furuno
history :
None
comment :
im/exported using xradar

Inspect root group#

The sweep dimension contains the number of scans in this radar volume. Further the dataset consists of variables (location coordinates, time_coverage) and attributes (Conventions, metadata).

[4]:

vol.root

[4]:

<xarray.DatasetView> Size: 248B
Dimensions:              (sweep: 1)
Dimensions without coordinates: sweep
Data variables:
    volume_number        int64 8B 0
    platform_type        <U5 20B 'fixed'
    instrument_type      <U5 20B 'radar'
    time_coverage_start  <U20 80B '2021-07-30T16:00:00Z'
    time_coverage_end    <U20 80B '2021-07-30T16:00:14Z'
    longitude            float64 8B 15.45
    altitude             float64 8B 407.9
    latitude             float64 8B 47.08
    sweep_fixed_angle    (sweep) float64 8B 7.8
    sweep_group_name     (sweep) int64 8B 0
Attributes:
    Conventions:      None
    instrument_name:  None
    version:          3
    title:            None
    institution:      None
    references:       None
    source:           Furuno
    history:          None
    comment:          im/exported using xradar

xarray.DataTree

Groups: (4)
<xarray.DatasetView> Size: 55MB Dimensions: (sweep: 1, azimuth: 1376, range: 602) Coordinates: elevation (azimuth) float64 11kB ... * range (range) float32 2kB 25.0 75.0 ... 3.002e+04 3.008e+04 time (azimuth) datetime64[ns] 11kB 2021-07-30T16:00:06.2777... longitude float64 8B ... latitude float64 8B ... altitude float64 8B ... * azimuth (azimuth) float64 11kB 0.21 0.47 0.74 ... 359.7 359.9 Dimensions without coordinates: sweep Data variables: (12/14) RATE (azimuth, range) float64 7MB ... DBZH (azimuth, range) float64 7MB ... VRADH (azimuth, range) float64 7MB ... ZDR (azimuth, range) float64 7MB ... KDP (azimuth, range) float64 7MB ... PHIDP (azimuth, range) float64 7MB ... ... ... QUAL (azimuth, range) uint16 2MB ... sweep_mode <U20 80B ... sweep_number int64 8B ... prt_mode <U7 28B ... follow_mode <U7 28B ... sweep_fixed_angle float64 8B ...
sweep_0
Groups: (0)
Dimensions:
sweep: 1
azimuth: 1376
range: 602
Coordinates: (7)
elevation
(azimuth)
float64
...
standard_name :
ray_elevation_angle
long_name :
elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane
units :
degrees
axis :
radial_elevation_coordinate
[1376 values with dtype=float64]
range
(range)
float32
25.0 75.0 ... 3.002e+04 3.008e+04
units :
meters
standard_name :
projection_range_coordinate
long_name :
range_to_measurement_volume
axis :
radial_range_coordinate
meters_between_gates :
50.0
spacing_is_constant :
true
meters_to_center_of_first_gate :
25.0
array([2.5000e+01, 7.5000e+01, 1.2500e+02, ..., 2.9975e+04, 3.0025e+04, 3.0075e+04], dtype=float32)
time
(azimuth)
datetime64[ns]
2021-07-30T16:00:06.277723500 .....
standard_name :
time
array(['2021-07-30T16:00:06.277723500', '2021-07-30T16:00:06.288556500', '2021-07-30T16:00:06.299389500', ..., '2021-07-30T16:00:06.245224500', '2021-07-30T16:00:06.256057500', '2021-07-30T16:00:06.266890500'], dtype='datetime64[ns]')
longitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
longitude
units :
degrees_east
standard_name :
longitude
[1 values with dtype=float64]
latitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
latitude
units :
degrees_north
positive :
up
standard_name :
latitude
[1 values with dtype=float64]
altitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
altitude
units :
meters
standard_name :
altitude
[1 values with dtype=float64]
azimuth
(azimuth)
float64
0.21 0.47 0.74 ... 359.7 359.9
standard_name :
ray_azimuth_angle
long_name :
azimuth_angle_from_true_north
units :
degrees
axis :
radial_azimuth_coordinate
array([2.1000e-01, 4.7000e-01, 7.4000e-01, ..., 3.5942e+02, 3.5968e+02, 3.5994e+02])
Data variables: (14)
RATE
(azimuth, range)
float64
...
long_name :
rainfall_rate
units :
mm h-1
standard_name :
rainfall_rate
[828352 values with dtype=float64]
DBZH
(azimuth, range)
float64
...
long_name :
Equivalent reflectivity factor H
units :
dBZ
standard_name :
radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h
[828352 values with dtype=float64]
VRADH
(azimuth, range)
float64
...
long_name :
Radial velocity of scatterers away from instrument H
units :
meters per seconds
standard_name :
radial_velocity_of_scatterers_away_from_instrument_h
[828352 values with dtype=float64]
ZDR
(azimuth, range)
float64
...
long_name :
Log differential reflectivity H/V
units :
dB
standard_name :
radar_differential_reflectivity_hv
[828352 values with dtype=float64]
KDP
(azimuth, range)
float64
...
long_name :
Specific differential phase HV
units :
degrees per kilometer
standard_name :
radar_specific_differential_phase_hv
[828352 values with dtype=float64]
PHIDP
(azimuth, range)
float64
...
long_name :
Differential phase HV
units :
degrees
standard_name :
radar_differential_phase_hv
[828352 values with dtype=float64]
RHOHV
(azimuth, range)
float64
...
long_name :
Correlation coefficient HV
units :
unitless
standard_name :
radar_correlation_coefficient_hv
[828352 values with dtype=float64]
WRADH
(azimuth, range)
float64
...
long_name :
Doppler spectrum width H
units :
meters per seconds
standard_name :
radar_doppler_spectrum_width_h
[828352 values with dtype=float64]
QUAL
(azimuth, range)
uint16
...
[828352 values with dtype=uint16]
sweep_mode
()
<U20
...
[1 values with dtype=<U20]
sweep_number
()
int64
...
[1 values with dtype=int64]
prt_mode
()
<U7
...
[1 values with dtype=<U7]
follow_mode
()
<U7
...
[1 values with dtype=<U7]
sweep_fixed_angle
()
float64
...
[1 values with dtype=float64]
Attributes: (0)
<xarray.DatasetView> Size: 24B Dimensions: (sweep: 1) Coordinates: longitude float64 8B ... latitude float64 8B ... altitude float64 8B ... Dimensions without coordinates: sweep Data variables: *empty*
radar_parameters
Groups: (0)
Dimensions:
sweep: 1
Coordinates: (3)
longitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
longitude
units :
degrees_east
standard_name :
longitude
[1 values with dtype=float64]
latitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
latitude
units :
degrees_north
positive :
up
standard_name :
latitude
[1 values with dtype=float64]
altitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
altitude
units :
meters
standard_name :
altitude
[1 values with dtype=float64]
Data variables: (0)
Attributes: (0)
<xarray.DatasetView> Size: 24B Dimensions: (sweep: 1) Coordinates: longitude float64 8B ... latitude float64 8B ... altitude float64 8B ... Dimensions without coordinates: sweep Data variables: *empty*
georeferencing_correction
Groups: (0)
Dimensions:
sweep: 1
Coordinates: (3)
longitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
longitude
units :
degrees_east
standard_name :
longitude
[1 values with dtype=float64]
latitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
latitude
units :
degrees_north
positive :
up
standard_name :
latitude
[1 values with dtype=float64]
altitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
altitude
units :
meters
standard_name :
altitude
[1 values with dtype=float64]
Data variables: (0)
Attributes: (0)
<xarray.DatasetView> Size: 16B Dimensions: (sweep: 1) Dimensions without coordinates: sweep Data variables: radar_constant_v float64 8B 9.144e-17 radar_constant_h float64 8B 9.575e-17
radar_calibration
Groups: (0)
Dimensions:
sweep: 1
Coordinates: (0)
Data variables: (2)
radar_constant_v
()
float64
9.144e-17
array(9.1445e-17)
radar_constant_h
()
float64
9.575e-17
array(9.57547e-17)
Attributes: (0)
Dimensions:
- sweep: 1
Coordinates: (0)
Inherited coordinates: (0)
Data variables: (10)
- volume_number
  ()
  int64
  0
```
array(0)
```
- platform_type
  ()
  <U5
  'fixed'
```
array('fixed', dtype='<U5')
```
- instrument_type
  ()
  <U5
  'radar'
```
array('radar', dtype='<U5')
```
- time_coverage_start
  ()
  <U20
  '2021-07-30T16:00:00Z'
```
array('2021-07-30T16:00:00Z', dtype='<U20')
```
- time_coverage_end
  ()
  <U20
  '2021-07-30T16:00:14Z'
```
array('2021-07-30T16:00:14Z', dtype='<U20')
```
- longitude
  ()
  float64
  15.45
  long_name :
  longitude
  units :
  degrees_east
  standard_name :
  longitude
```
array(15.44729)
```
- altitude
  ()
  float64
  407.9
  long_name :
  altitude
  units :
  meters
  standard_name :
  altitude
```
array(407.9)
```
- latitude
  ()
  float64
  47.08
  long_name :
  latitude
  units :
  degrees_north
  positive :
  up
  standard_name :
  latitude
```
array(47.07734)
```
- sweep_fixed_angle
  (sweep)
  float64
  7.8
```
array([7.8])
```
- sweep_group_name
  (sweep)
  int64
  0
```
array([0])
```
Attributes: (9)
Conventions :
None
instrument_name :
None
version :
3
title :
None
institution :
None
references :
None
source :
Furuno
history :
None
comment :
im/exported using xradar

Inspect sweep group(s)#

The sweep-groups can be accessed via their respective keys. The dimensions consist of range and time with added coordinates azimuth, elevation, range and time. There will be variables like radar moments (DBZH etc.) and sweep-dependend metadata (like fixed_angle, sweep_mode etc.).

[5]:

display(vol["sweep_0"])

<xarray.DatasetView> Size: 55MB
Dimensions:            (sweep: 1, azimuth: 1376, range: 602)
Coordinates:
    elevation          (azimuth) float64 11kB ...
  * range              (range) float32 2kB 25.0 75.0 ... 3.002e+04 3.008e+04
    time               (azimuth) datetime64[ns] 11kB 2021-07-30T16:00:06.2777...
    longitude          float64 8B ...
    latitude           float64 8B ...
    altitude           float64 8B ...
  * azimuth            (azimuth) float64 11kB 0.21 0.47 0.74 ... 359.7 359.9
Dimensions without coordinates: sweep
Data variables: (12/14)
    RATE               (azimuth, range) float64 7MB ...
    DBZH               (azimuth, range) float64 7MB ...
    VRADH              (azimuth, range) float64 7MB ...
    ZDR                (azimuth, range) float64 7MB ...
    KDP                (azimuth, range) float64 7MB ...
    PHIDP              (azimuth, range) float64 7MB ...
    ...                 ...
    QUAL               (azimuth, range) uint16 2MB ...
    sweep_mode         <U20 80B ...
    sweep_number       int64 8B ...
    prt_mode           <U7 28B ...
    follow_mode        <U7 28B ...
    sweep_fixed_angle  float64 8B ...

xarray.DataTree

Groups: (0)
Dimensions:
- sweep: 1
- azimuth: 1376
- range: 602
Coordinates: (7)
- elevation
  (azimuth)
  float64
  ...
  standard_name :
  ray_elevation_angle
  long_name :
  elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane
  units :
  degrees
  axis :
  radial_elevation_coordinate
```
[1376 values with dtype=float64]
```
- range
  (range)
  float32
  25.0 75.0 ... 3.002e+04 3.008e+04
  units :
  meters
  standard_name :
  projection_range_coordinate
  long_name :
  range_to_measurement_volume
  axis :
  radial_range_coordinate
  meters_between_gates :
  50.0
  spacing_is_constant :
  true
  meters_to_center_of_first_gate :
  25.0
```
array([2.5000e+01, 7.5000e+01, 1.2500e+02, ..., 2.9975e+04, 3.0025e+04,
       3.0075e+04], dtype=float32)
```
- time
  (azimuth)
  datetime64[ns]
  2021-07-30T16:00:06.277723500 .....
  standard_name :
  time
```
array(['2021-07-30T16:00:06.277723500', '2021-07-30T16:00:06.288556500',
       '2021-07-30T16:00:06.299389500', ..., '2021-07-30T16:00:06.245224500',
       '2021-07-30T16:00:06.256057500', '2021-07-30T16:00:06.266890500'],
      dtype='datetime64[ns]')
```
- longitude
  ()
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  longitude
  units :
  degrees_east
  standard_name :
  longitude
```
[1 values with dtype=float64]
```
- latitude
  ()
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  latitude
  units :
  degrees_north
  positive :
  up
  standard_name :
  latitude
```
[1 values with dtype=float64]
```
- altitude
  ()
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  altitude
  units :
  meters
  standard_name :
  altitude
```
[1 values with dtype=float64]
```
- azimuth
  (azimuth)
  float64
  0.21 0.47 0.74 ... 359.7 359.9
  standard_name :
  ray_azimuth_angle
  long_name :
  azimuth_angle_from_true_north
  units :
  degrees
  axis :
  radial_azimuth_coordinate
```
array([2.1000e-01, 4.7000e-01, 7.4000e-01, ..., 3.5942e+02, 3.5968e+02,
       3.5994e+02])
```
Inherited coordinates: (0)
Data variables: (14)
- RATE
  (azimuth, range)
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  rainfall_rate
  units :
  mm h-1
  standard_name :
  rainfall_rate
```
[828352 values with dtype=float64]
```
- DBZH
  (azimuth, range)
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  Equivalent reflectivity factor H
  units :
  dBZ
  standard_name :
  radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h
```
[828352 values with dtype=float64]
```
- VRADH
  (azimuth, range)
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  Radial velocity of scatterers away from instrument H
  units :
  meters per seconds
  standard_name :
  radial_velocity_of_scatterers_away_from_instrument_h
```
[828352 values with dtype=float64]
```
- ZDR
  (azimuth, range)
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  Log differential reflectivity H/V
  units :
  dB
  standard_name :
  radar_differential_reflectivity_hv
```
[828352 values with dtype=float64]
```
- KDP
  (azimuth, range)
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  Specific differential phase HV
  units :
  degrees per kilometer
  standard_name :
  radar_specific_differential_phase_hv
```
[828352 values with dtype=float64]
```
- PHIDP
  (azimuth, range)
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  Differential phase HV
  units :
  degrees
  standard_name :
  radar_differential_phase_hv
```
[828352 values with dtype=float64]
```
- RHOHV
  (azimuth, range)
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  Correlation coefficient HV
  units :
  unitless
  standard_name :
  radar_correlation_coefficient_hv
```
[828352 values with dtype=float64]
```
- WRADH
  (azimuth, range)
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  Doppler spectrum width H
  units :
  meters per seconds
  standard_name :
  radar_doppler_spectrum_width_h
```
[828352 values with dtype=float64]
```
- QUAL
  (azimuth, range)
  uint16
  ...
```
[828352 values with dtype=uint16]
```
- sweep_mode
  ()
  <U20
  ...
```
[1 values with dtype=<U20]
```
- sweep_number
  ()
  int64
  ...
```
[1 values with dtype=int64]
```
- prt_mode
  ()
  <U7
  ...
```
[1 values with dtype=<U7]
```
- follow_mode
  ()
  <U7
  ...
```
[1 values with dtype=<U7]
```
- sweep_fixed_angle
  ()
  float64
  ...
```
[1 values with dtype=float64]
```
Attributes: (0)

Georeferencing#

[6]:

swp = vol["sweep_0"].ds.copy()
swp = swp.assign_coords(sweep_mode=swp.sweep_mode)
swp = swp.wrl.georef.georeference()

Inspect radar moments#

The DataArrays can be accessed by key or by attribute. Each DataArray has dimensions and coordinates of it’s parent dataset.

[7]:

display(swp.DBZH)

<xarray.DataArray 'DBZH' (azimuth: 1376, range: 602)> Size: 7MB
[828352 values with dtype=float64]
Coordinates: (12/15)
    sweep_mode  <U20 80B 'azimuth_surveillance'
    elevation   (azimuth) float64 11kB 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8 ... 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8
  * range       (range) float32 2kB 25.0 75.0 125.0 ... 3.002e+04 3.008e+04
    time        (azimuth) datetime64[ns] 11kB 2021-07-30T16:00:06.277723500 ....
    longitude   float64 8B 15.45
    latitude    float64 8B 47.08
    ...          ...
    y           (azimuth, range) float64 7MB 24.77 74.3 ... 2.973e+04 2.978e+04
    z           (azimuth, range) float64 7MB 411.3 418.1 ... 4.535e+03 4.542e+03
    gr          (azimuth, range) float64 7MB 24.77 74.3 ... 2.973e+04 2.978e+04
    rays        (azimuth, range) float64 7MB 0.21 0.21 0.21 ... 359.9 359.9
    bins        (azimuth, range) float32 3MB 25.0 75.0 ... 3.002e+04 3.008e+04
    crs_wkt     int64 8B 0
Attributes:
    long_name:      Equivalent reflectivity factor H
    units:          dBZ
    standard_name:  radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h

xarray.DataArray

'DBZH'

azimuth: 1376
range: 602

...
```
[828352 values with dtype=float64]
```

Coordinates: (15)

sweep_mode

()

<U20

'azimuth_surveillance'

array('azimuth_surveillance', dtype='<U20')

elevation
(azimuth)
float64
7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8 ... 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8
standard_name :
ray_elevation_angle
long_name :
elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane
units :
degrees
axis :
radial_elevation_coordinate
```
array([7.8, 7.8, 7.8, ..., 7.8, 7.8, 7.8])
```
range
(range)
float32
25.0 75.0 ... 3.002e+04 3.008e+04
units :
meters
standard_name :
projection_range_coordinate
long_name :
range_to_measurement_volume
axis :
radial_range_coordinate
meters_between_gates :
50.0
spacing_is_constant :
true
meters_to_center_of_first_gate :
25.0
```
array([2.5000e+01, 7.5000e+01, 1.2500e+02, ..., 2.9975e+04, 3.0025e+04,
       3.0075e+04], dtype=float32)
```

time

(azimuth)

datetime64[ns]

2021-07-30T16:00:06.277723500 .....

standard_name :: time

array(['2021-07-30T16:00:06.277723500', '2021-07-30T16:00:06.288556500',
       '2021-07-30T16:00:06.299389500', ..., '2021-07-30T16:00:06.245224500',
       '2021-07-30T16:00:06.256057500', '2021-07-30T16:00:06.266890500'],
      dtype='datetime64[ns]')

longitude
()
float64
15.45
long_name :
longitude
units :
degrees_east
standard_name :
longitude
```
array(15.44729)
```
latitude
()
float64
47.08
long_name :
latitude
units :
degrees_north
positive :
up
standard_name :
latitude
```
array(47.07734)
```
altitude
()
float64
407.9
long_name :
altitude
units :
meters
standard_name :
altitude
```
array(407.9)
```
azimuth
(azimuth)
float64
0.21 0.47 0.74 ... 359.7 359.9
standard_name :
ray_azimuth_angle
long_name :
azimuth_angle_from_true_north
units :
degrees
axis :
radial_azimuth_coordinate
```
array([2.1000e-01, 4.7000e-01, 7.4000e-01, ..., 3.5942e+02, 3.5968e+02,
       3.5994e+02])
```

(azimuth, range)

float64

0.09078 0.2723 ... -31.13 -31.19

standard_name :: east_west_distance_from_radar
units :: meters

array([[ 9.07774109e-02,  2.72332015e-01,  4.53886329e-01, ...,
         1.08789584e+02,  1.08970963e+02,  1.09152341e+02],
       [ 2.03166667e-01,  6.09499515e-01,  1.01583171e+00, ...,
         2.43479264e+02,  2.43885203e+02,  2.44291142e+02],
       [ 3.19874128e-01,  9.59621617e-01,  1.59936808e+00, ...,
         3.83343973e+02,  3.83983100e+02,  3.84622227e+02],
       ...,
       [-2.50714843e-01, -7.52143927e-01, -1.25357221e+00, ...,
        -3.00462011e+02, -3.00962954e+02, -3.01463897e+02],
       [-1.38327074e-01, -4.14980890e-01, -6.91634263e-01, ...,
        -1.65774113e+02, -1.66050499e+02, -1.66326884e+02],
       [-2.59364564e-02, -7.78093071e-02, -1.29682075e-01, ...,
        -3.10828022e+01, -3.11346248e+01, -3.11864473e+01]])

(azimuth, range)

float64

24.77 74.3 ... 2.973e+04 2.978e+04

standard_name :: north_south_distance_from_radar
units :: meters

array([[2.47673297e+01, 7.43019296e+01, 1.23836450e+02, ...,
        2.96816957e+04, 2.97311823e+04, 2.97806688e+04],
       [2.47666627e+01, 7.42999288e+01, 1.23833116e+02, ...,
        2.96808965e+04, 2.97303817e+04, 2.97798669e+04],
       [2.47654303e+01, 7.42962316e+01, 1.23826954e+02, ...,
        2.96794195e+04, 2.97289023e+04, 2.97783851e+04],
       ...,
       [2.47662270e+01, 7.42986217e+01, 1.23830937e+02, ...,
        2.96803743e+04, 2.97298587e+04, 2.97793430e+04],
       [2.47671097e+01, 7.43012698e+01, 1.23835351e+02, ...,
        2.96814322e+04, 2.97309183e+04, 2.97804044e+04],
       [2.47674824e+01, 7.43023879e+01, 1.23837214e+02, ...,
        2.96818788e+04, 2.97313657e+04, 2.97808525e+04]])

(azimuth, range)

float64

411.3 418.1 ... 4.535e+03 4.542e+03

standard_name :: height_above_ground
units :: meters

array([[ 411.29292544,  418.07899313,  424.86534987, ..., 4527.89375569,
        4534.85284587, 4541.81222423],
       [ 411.29292544,  418.07899313,  424.86534987, ..., 4527.89375569,
        4534.85284587, 4541.81222423],
       [ 411.29292544,  418.07899313,  424.86534987, ..., 4527.89375569,
        4534.85284587, 4541.81222423],
       ...,
       [ 411.29292544,  418.07899313,  424.86534987, ..., 4527.89375569,
        4534.85284587, 4541.81222423],
       [ 411.29292544,  418.07899313,  424.86534987, ..., 4527.89375569,
        4534.85284587, 4541.81222423],
       [ 411.29292544,  418.07899313,  424.86534987, ..., 4527.89375569,
        4534.85284587, 4541.81222423]])

(azimuth, range)

float64

24.77 74.3 ... 2.973e+04 2.978e+04

standard_name :: distance_from_radar
units :: meters

array([[2.47698749e+01, 7.43048075e+01, 1.23839661e+02, ...,
        2.96818975e+04, 2.97313844e+04, 2.97808713e+04],
       [2.47698807e+01, 7.43048133e+01, 1.23839667e+02, ...,
        2.96818975e+04, 2.97313844e+04, 2.97808713e+04],
       [2.47698867e+01, 7.43048193e+01, 1.23839673e+02, ...,
        2.96818975e+04, 2.97313844e+04, 2.97808713e+04],
       ...,
       [2.47698568e+01, 7.43047894e+01, 1.23839643e+02, ...,
        2.96818975e+04, 2.97313844e+04, 2.97808712e+04],
       [2.47698628e+01, 7.43047954e+01, 1.23839649e+02, ...,
        2.96818975e+04, 2.97313844e+04, 2.97808712e+04],
       [2.47698687e+01, 7.43048014e+01, 1.23839655e+02, ...,
        2.96818975e+04, 2.97313844e+04, 2.97808712e+04]])

rays

(azimuth, range)

float64

0.21 0.21 0.21 ... 359.9 359.9

standard_name :: ray_azimuth_angle
long_name :: azimuth_angle_from_true_north
units :: degrees
axis :: radial_azimuth_coordinate

array([[2.1000e-01, 2.1000e-01, 2.1000e-01, ..., 2.1000e-01, 2.1000e-01,
        2.1000e-01],
       [4.7000e-01, 4.7000e-01, 4.7000e-01, ..., 4.7000e-01, 4.7000e-01,
        4.7000e-01],
       [7.4000e-01, 7.4000e-01, 7.4000e-01, ..., 7.4000e-01, 7.4000e-01,
        7.4000e-01],
       ...,
       [3.5942e+02, 3.5942e+02, 3.5942e+02, ..., 3.5942e+02, 3.5942e+02,
        3.5942e+02],
       [3.5968e+02, 3.5968e+02, 3.5968e+02, ..., 3.5968e+02, 3.5968e+02,
        3.5968e+02],
       [3.5994e+02, 3.5994e+02, 3.5994e+02, ..., 3.5994e+02, 3.5994e+02,
        3.5994e+02]])

bins

(azimuth, range)

float32

25.0 75.0 ... 3.002e+04 3.008e+04

units :: meters
standard_name :: projection_range_coordinate
long_name :: range_to_measurement_volume
axis :: radial_range_coordinate
meters_between_gates :: 50.0
spacing_is_constant :: true
meters_to_center_of_first_gate :: 25.0

array([[2.5000e+01, 7.5000e+01, 1.2500e+02, ..., 2.9975e+04, 3.0025e+04,
        3.0075e+04],
       [2.5000e+01, 7.5000e+01, 1.2500e+02, ..., 2.9975e+04, 3.0025e+04,
        3.0075e+04],
       [2.5000e+01, 7.5000e+01, 1.2500e+02, ..., 2.9975e+04, 3.0025e+04,
        3.0075e+04],
       ...,
       [2.5000e+01, 7.5000e+01, 1.2500e+02, ..., 2.9975e+04, 3.0025e+04,
        3.0075e+04],
       [2.5000e+01, 7.5000e+01, 1.2500e+02, ..., 2.9975e+04, 3.0025e+04,
        3.0075e+04],
       [2.5000e+01, 7.5000e+01, 1.2500e+02, ..., 2.9975e+04, 3.0025e+04,
        3.0075e+04]], dtype=float32)

crs_wkt
()
int64
0
crs_wkt :
PROJCRS["unknown",BASEGEOGCRS["unknown",DATUM["World Geodetic System 1984",ELLIPSOID["WGS 84",6378137,298.257223563,LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]],ID["EPSG",6326]],PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],ID["EPSG",8901]]],CONVERSION["unknown",METHOD["Azimuthal Equidistant",ID["EPSG",1125]],PARAMETER["Latitude of natural origin",47.07734,ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],ID["EPSG",8801]],PARAMETER["Longitude of natural origin",15.44729,ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],ID["EPSG",8802]],PARAMETER["False easting",0,LENGTHUNIT["metre",1],ID["EPSG",8806]],PARAMETER["False northing",0,LENGTHUNIT["metre",1],ID["EPSG",8807]]],CS[Cartesian,2],AXIS["(E)",east,ORDER[1],LENGTHUNIT["metre",1,ID["EPSG",9001]]],AXIS["(N)",north,ORDER[2],LENGTHUNIT["metre",1,ID["EPSG",9001]]]]
semi_major_axis :
6378137.0
semi_minor_axis :
6356752.314245179
inverse_flattening :
298.257223563
reference_ellipsoid_name :
WGS 84
longitude_of_prime_meridian :
0.0
prime_meridian_name :
Greenwich
geographic_crs_name :
unknown
horizontal_datum_name :
World Geodetic System 1984
projected_crs_name :
unknown
grid_mapping_name :
azimuthal_equidistant
latitude_of_projection_origin :
47.07734
longitude_of_projection_origin :
15.44729
false_easting :
0.0
false_northing :
0.0
```
array(0)
```

Indexes: (2)

range

PandasIndex

PandasIndex(Index([   25.0,    75.0,   125.0,   175.0,   225.0,   275.0,   325.0,   375.0,
         425.0,   475.0,
       ...
       29625.0, 29675.0, 29725.0, 29775.0, 29825.0, 29875.0, 29925.0, 29975.0,
       30025.0, 30075.0],
      dtype='float32', name='range', length=602))

azimuth

PandasIndex

PandasIndex(Index([               0.21, 0.47000000000000003,                0.74,
                       1.0,                1.26,                1.53,
                      1.79,                2.05,                2.32,
                      2.58,
       ...
                    357.62,              357.88,              358.14,
                    358.41,              358.67,              358.93,
                     359.2,              359.42,              359.68,
                    359.94],
      dtype='float64', name='azimuth', length=1376))

Attributes: (3)
long_name :
Equivalent reflectivity factor H
units :
dBZ
standard_name :
radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h

Create simple plot#

Using xarray features a simple plot can be created like this. Note the sortby('time') method, which sorts the radials by time.

For more details on plotting radar data see under Visualization.

[8]:

swp.DBZH.sortby("time").plot(x="range", y="time", add_labels=False)

[8]:

<matplotlib.collections.QuadMesh at 0x7ff0e052ec90>

../../../_images/notebooks_fileio_backends_furuno_backend_16_1.png

[9]:

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(5, 5))
pm = swp.DBZH.wrl.vis.plot(crs={"latmin": 3e3}, fig=fig)

../../../_images/notebooks_fileio_backends_furuno_backend_17_0.png

Use `xr.open_dataset` to retrieve explicit group#

Load furuno scnx Data#

Data provided by GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences.

[10]:

fpath = "furuno/2006_20220324_000000_000.scnx.gz"
f = wrl.util.get_wradlib_data_file(fpath)
vol = xd.io.open_furuno_datatree(f, reindex_angle=False)

Downloading file 'furuno/2006_20220324_000000_000.scnx.gz' from 'https://github.com/wradlib/wradlib-data/raw/pooch/data/furuno/2006_20220324_000000_000.scnx.gz' to '/home/runner/work/wradlib-notebooks/wradlib-notebooks/wradlib-data'.

Inspect RadarVolume#

[11]:

display(vol)

<xarray.DatasetView> Size: 248B
Dimensions:              (sweep: 1)
Dimensions without coordinates: sweep
Data variables:
    volume_number        int64 8B 0
    platform_type        <U5 20B 'fixed'
    instrument_type      <U5 20B 'radar'
    time_coverage_start  <U20 80B '2022-03-24T00:00:01Z'
    time_coverage_end    <U20 80B '2022-03-24T00:00:28Z'
    longitude            float64 8B 13.24
    altitude             float64 8B 38.0
    latitude             float64 8B 53.55
    sweep_fixed_angle    (sweep) float64 8B 0.5
    sweep_group_name     (sweep) int64 8B 0
Attributes:
    Conventions:      None
    instrument_name:  None
    version:          10
    title:            None
    institution:      None
    references:       None
    source:           Furuno
    history:          None
    comment:          im/exported using xradar

xarray.DataTree

Groups: (4)
<xarray.DatasetView> Size: 45MB Dimensions: (sweep: 1, azimuth: 722, range: 936) Coordinates: elevation (azimuth) float64 6kB ... * range (range) float32 4kB 37.5 112.5 ... 7.009e+04 7.016e+04 time (azimuth) datetime64[ns] 6kB 2022-03-24T00:00:17.65643... longitude float64 8B ... latitude float64 8B ... altitude float64 8B ... * azimuth (azimuth) float64 6kB 0.19 0.68 1.16 ... 359.2 359.7 Dimensions without coordinates: sweep Data variables: (12/14) RATE (azimuth, range) float64 5MB ... DBZH (azimuth, range) float64 5MB ... VRADH (azimuth, range) float64 5MB ... ZDR (azimuth, range) float64 5MB ... KDP (azimuth, range) float64 5MB ... PHIDP (azimuth, range) float64 5MB ... ... ... QUAL (azimuth, range) uint16 1MB ... sweep_mode <U20 80B ... sweep_number int64 8B ... prt_mode <U7 28B ... follow_mode <U7 28B ... sweep_fixed_angle float64 8B ...
sweep_0
Groups: (0)
Dimensions:
sweep: 1
azimuth: 722
range: 936
Coordinates: (7)
elevation
(azimuth)
float64
...
standard_name :
ray_elevation_angle
long_name :
elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane
units :
degrees
axis :
radial_elevation_coordinate
[722 values with dtype=float64]
range
(range)
float32
37.5 112.5 ... 7.009e+04 7.016e+04
units :
meters
standard_name :
projection_range_coordinate
long_name :
range_to_measurement_volume
axis :
radial_range_coordinate
meters_between_gates :
75.0
spacing_is_constant :
true
meters_to_center_of_first_gate :
37.5
array([3.75000e+01, 1.12500e+02, 1.87500e+02, ..., 7.00125e+04, 7.00875e+04, 7.01625e+04], dtype=float32)
time
(azimuth)
datetime64[ns]
2022-03-24T00:00:17.656439500 .....
standard_name :
time
array(['2022-03-24T00:00:17.656439500', '2022-03-24T00:00:17.695220500', '2022-03-24T00:00:17.734001500', ..., '2022-03-24T00:00:17.540096500', '2022-03-24T00:00:17.578877500', '2022-03-24T00:00:17.617658500'], dtype='datetime64[ns]')
longitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
longitude
units :
degrees_east
standard_name :
longitude
[1 values with dtype=float64]
latitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
latitude
units :
degrees_north
positive :
up
standard_name :
latitude
[1 values with dtype=float64]
altitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
altitude
units :
meters
standard_name :
altitude
[1 values with dtype=float64]
azimuth
(azimuth)
float64
0.19 0.68 1.16 ... 359.2 359.7
standard_name :
ray_azimuth_angle
long_name :
azimuth_angle_from_true_north
units :
degrees
axis :
radial_azimuth_coordinate
array([1.9000e-01, 6.8000e-01, 1.1600e+00, ..., 3.5866e+02, 3.5918e+02, 3.5967e+02])
Data variables: (14)
RATE
(azimuth, range)
float64
...
long_name :
rainfall_rate
units :
mm h-1
standard_name :
rainfall_rate
[675792 values with dtype=float64]
DBZH
(azimuth, range)
float64
...
long_name :
Equivalent reflectivity factor H
units :
dBZ
standard_name :
radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h
[675792 values with dtype=float64]
VRADH
(azimuth, range)
float64
...
long_name :
Radial velocity of scatterers away from instrument H
units :
meters per seconds
standard_name :
radial_velocity_of_scatterers_away_from_instrument_h
[675792 values with dtype=float64]
ZDR
(azimuth, range)
float64
...
long_name :
Log differential reflectivity H/V
units :
dB
standard_name :
radar_differential_reflectivity_hv
[675792 values with dtype=float64]
KDP
(azimuth, range)
float64
...
long_name :
Specific differential phase HV
units :
degrees per kilometer
standard_name :
radar_specific_differential_phase_hv
[675792 values with dtype=float64]
PHIDP
(azimuth, range)
float64
...
long_name :
Differential phase HV
units :
degrees
standard_name :
radar_differential_phase_hv
[675792 values with dtype=float64]
RHOHV
(azimuth, range)
float64
...
long_name :
Correlation coefficient HV
units :
unitless
standard_name :
radar_correlation_coefficient_hv
[675792 values with dtype=float64]
WRADH
(azimuth, range)
float64
...
long_name :
Doppler spectrum width H
units :
meters per seconds
standard_name :
radar_doppler_spectrum_width_h
[675792 values with dtype=float64]
QUAL
(azimuth, range)
uint16
...
[675792 values with dtype=uint16]
sweep_mode
()
<U20
...
[1 values with dtype=<U20]
sweep_number
()
int64
...
[1 values with dtype=int64]
prt_mode
()
<U7
...
[1 values with dtype=<U7]
follow_mode
()
<U7
...
[1 values with dtype=<U7]
sweep_fixed_angle
()
float64
...
[1 values with dtype=float64]
Attributes: (0)
<xarray.DatasetView> Size: 24B Dimensions: (sweep: 1) Coordinates: longitude float64 8B ... latitude float64 8B ... altitude float64 8B ... Dimensions without coordinates: sweep Data variables: *empty*
radar_parameters
Groups: (0)
Dimensions:
sweep: 1
Coordinates: (3)
longitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
longitude
units :
degrees_east
standard_name :
longitude
[1 values with dtype=float64]
latitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
latitude
units :
degrees_north
positive :
up
standard_name :
latitude
[1 values with dtype=float64]
altitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
altitude
units :
meters
standard_name :
altitude
[1 values with dtype=float64]
Data variables: (0)
Attributes: (0)
<xarray.DatasetView> Size: 24B Dimensions: (sweep: 1) Coordinates: longitude float64 8B ... latitude float64 8B ... altitude float64 8B ... Dimensions without coordinates: sweep Data variables: *empty*
georeferencing_correction
Groups: (0)
Dimensions:
sweep: 1
Coordinates: (3)
longitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
longitude
units :
degrees_east
standard_name :
longitude
[1 values with dtype=float64]
latitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
latitude
units :
degrees_north
positive :
up
standard_name :
latitude
[1 values with dtype=float64]
altitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
altitude
units :
meters
standard_name :
altitude
[1 values with dtype=float64]
Data variables: (0)
Attributes: (0)
<xarray.DatasetView> Size: 56B Dimensions: (sweep: 1) Dimensions without coordinates: sweep Data variables: noise_power_short_pulse_h int64 8B -604 radar_constant_h int64 8B -1294 radar_constant_v int64 8B -1296 antenna_gain_h int64 8B 337 antenna_gain_v int64 8B 338 tx_power_h int64 8B 724 tx_power_v int64 8B 708
radar_calibration
Groups: (0)
Dimensions:
sweep: 1
Coordinates: (0)
Data variables: (7)
noise_power_short_pulse_h
()
int64
-604
array(-604)
radar_constant_h
()
int64
-1294
array(-1294)
radar_constant_v
()
int64
-1296
array(-1296)
antenna_gain_h
()
int64
337
array(337)
antenna_gain_v
()
int64
338
array(338)
tx_power_h
()
int64
724
array(724)
tx_power_v
()
int64
708
array(708)
Attributes: (0)
Dimensions:
- sweep: 1
Coordinates: (0)
Inherited coordinates: (0)
Data variables: (10)
- volume_number
  ()
  int64
  0
```
array(0)
```
- platform_type
  ()
  <U5
  'fixed'
```
array('fixed', dtype='<U5')
```
- instrument_type
  ()
  <U5
  'radar'
```
array('radar', dtype='<U5')
```
- time_coverage_start
  ()
  <U20
  '2022-03-24T00:00:01Z'
```
array('2022-03-24T00:00:01Z', dtype='<U20')
```
- time_coverage_end
  ()
  <U20
  '2022-03-24T00:00:28Z'
```
array('2022-03-24T00:00:28Z', dtype='<U20')
```
- longitude
  ()
  float64
  13.24
  long_name :
  longitude
  units :
  degrees_east
  standard_name :
  longitude
```
array(13.24397)
```
- altitude
  ()
  float64
  38.0
  long_name :
  altitude
  units :
  meters
  standard_name :
  altitude
```
array(38.)
```
- latitude
  ()
  float64
  53.55
  long_name :
  latitude
  units :
  degrees_north
  positive :
  up
  standard_name :
  latitude
```
array(53.55478)
```
- sweep_fixed_angle
  (sweep)
  float64
  0.5
```
array([0.5])
```
- sweep_group_name
  (sweep)
  int64
  0
```
array([0])
```
Attributes: (9)
Conventions :
None
instrument_name :
None
version :
10
title :
None
institution :
None
references :
None
source :
Furuno
history :
None
comment :
im/exported using xradar

Inspect root group#

The sweep dimension contains the number of scans in this radar volume. Further the dataset consists of variables (location coordinates, time_coverage) and attributes (Conventions, metadata).

[12]:

vol.root

[12]:

<xarray.DatasetView> Size: 248B
Dimensions:              (sweep: 1)
Dimensions without coordinates: sweep
Data variables:
    volume_number        int64 8B 0
    platform_type        <U5 20B 'fixed'
    instrument_type      <U5 20B 'radar'
    time_coverage_start  <U20 80B '2022-03-24T00:00:01Z'
    time_coverage_end    <U20 80B '2022-03-24T00:00:28Z'
    longitude            float64 8B 13.24
    altitude             float64 8B 38.0
    latitude             float64 8B 53.55
    sweep_fixed_angle    (sweep) float64 8B 0.5
    sweep_group_name     (sweep) int64 8B 0
Attributes:
    Conventions:      None
    instrument_name:  None
    version:          10
    title:            None
    institution:      None
    references:       None
    source:           Furuno
    history:          None
    comment:          im/exported using xradar

xarray.DataTree

Groups: (4)
<xarray.DatasetView> Size: 45MB Dimensions: (sweep: 1, azimuth: 722, range: 936) Coordinates: elevation (azimuth) float64 6kB ... * range (range) float32 4kB 37.5 112.5 ... 7.009e+04 7.016e+04 time (azimuth) datetime64[ns] 6kB 2022-03-24T00:00:17.65643... longitude float64 8B ... latitude float64 8B ... altitude float64 8B ... * azimuth (azimuth) float64 6kB 0.19 0.68 1.16 ... 359.2 359.7 Dimensions without coordinates: sweep Data variables: (12/14) RATE (azimuth, range) float64 5MB ... DBZH (azimuth, range) float64 5MB ... VRADH (azimuth, range) float64 5MB ... ZDR (azimuth, range) float64 5MB ... KDP (azimuth, range) float64 5MB ... PHIDP (azimuth, range) float64 5MB ... ... ... QUAL (azimuth, range) uint16 1MB ... sweep_mode <U20 80B ... sweep_number int64 8B ... prt_mode <U7 28B ... follow_mode <U7 28B ... sweep_fixed_angle float64 8B ...
sweep_0
Groups: (0)
Dimensions:
sweep: 1
azimuth: 722
range: 936
Coordinates: (7)
elevation
(azimuth)
float64
...
standard_name :
ray_elevation_angle
long_name :
elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane
units :
degrees
axis :
radial_elevation_coordinate
[722 values with dtype=float64]
range
(range)
float32
37.5 112.5 ... 7.009e+04 7.016e+04
units :
meters
standard_name :
projection_range_coordinate
long_name :
range_to_measurement_volume
axis :
radial_range_coordinate
meters_between_gates :
75.0
spacing_is_constant :
true
meters_to_center_of_first_gate :
37.5
array([3.75000e+01, 1.12500e+02, 1.87500e+02, ..., 7.00125e+04, 7.00875e+04, 7.01625e+04], dtype=float32)
time
(azimuth)
datetime64[ns]
2022-03-24T00:00:17.656439500 .....
standard_name :
time
array(['2022-03-24T00:00:17.656439500', '2022-03-24T00:00:17.695220500', '2022-03-24T00:00:17.734001500', ..., '2022-03-24T00:00:17.540096500', '2022-03-24T00:00:17.578877500', '2022-03-24T00:00:17.617658500'], dtype='datetime64[ns]')
longitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
longitude
units :
degrees_east
standard_name :
longitude
[1 values with dtype=float64]
latitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
latitude
units :
degrees_north
positive :
up
standard_name :
latitude
[1 values with dtype=float64]
altitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
altitude
units :
meters
standard_name :
altitude
[1 values with dtype=float64]
azimuth
(azimuth)
float64
0.19 0.68 1.16 ... 359.2 359.7
standard_name :
ray_azimuth_angle
long_name :
azimuth_angle_from_true_north
units :
degrees
axis :
radial_azimuth_coordinate
array([1.9000e-01, 6.8000e-01, 1.1600e+00, ..., 3.5866e+02, 3.5918e+02, 3.5967e+02])
Data variables: (14)
RATE
(azimuth, range)
float64
...
long_name :
rainfall_rate
units :
mm h-1
standard_name :
rainfall_rate
[675792 values with dtype=float64]
DBZH
(azimuth, range)
float64
...
long_name :
Equivalent reflectivity factor H
units :
dBZ
standard_name :
radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h
[675792 values with dtype=float64]
VRADH
(azimuth, range)
float64
...
long_name :
Radial velocity of scatterers away from instrument H
units :
meters per seconds
standard_name :
radial_velocity_of_scatterers_away_from_instrument_h
[675792 values with dtype=float64]
ZDR
(azimuth, range)
float64
...
long_name :
Log differential reflectivity H/V
units :
dB
standard_name :
radar_differential_reflectivity_hv
[675792 values with dtype=float64]
KDP
(azimuth, range)
float64
...
long_name :
Specific differential phase HV
units :
degrees per kilometer
standard_name :
radar_specific_differential_phase_hv
[675792 values with dtype=float64]
PHIDP
(azimuth, range)
float64
...
long_name :
Differential phase HV
units :
degrees
standard_name :
radar_differential_phase_hv
[675792 values with dtype=float64]
RHOHV
(azimuth, range)
float64
...
long_name :
Correlation coefficient HV
units :
unitless
standard_name :
radar_correlation_coefficient_hv
[675792 values with dtype=float64]
WRADH
(azimuth, range)
float64
...
long_name :
Doppler spectrum width H
units :
meters per seconds
standard_name :
radar_doppler_spectrum_width_h
[675792 values with dtype=float64]
QUAL
(azimuth, range)
uint16
...
[675792 values with dtype=uint16]
sweep_mode
()
<U20
...
[1 values with dtype=<U20]
sweep_number
()
int64
...
[1 values with dtype=int64]
prt_mode
()
<U7
...
[1 values with dtype=<U7]
follow_mode
()
<U7
...
[1 values with dtype=<U7]
sweep_fixed_angle
()
float64
...
[1 values with dtype=float64]
Attributes: (0)
<xarray.DatasetView> Size: 24B Dimensions: (sweep: 1) Coordinates: longitude float64 8B ... latitude float64 8B ... altitude float64 8B ... Dimensions without coordinates: sweep Data variables: *empty*
radar_parameters
Groups: (0)
Dimensions:
sweep: 1
Coordinates: (3)
longitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
longitude
units :
degrees_east
standard_name :
longitude
[1 values with dtype=float64]
latitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
latitude
units :
degrees_north
positive :
up
standard_name :
latitude
[1 values with dtype=float64]
altitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
altitude
units :
meters
standard_name :
altitude
[1 values with dtype=float64]
Data variables: (0)
Attributes: (0)
<xarray.DatasetView> Size: 24B Dimensions: (sweep: 1) Coordinates: longitude float64 8B ... latitude float64 8B ... altitude float64 8B ... Dimensions without coordinates: sweep Data variables: *empty*
georeferencing_correction
Groups: (0)
Dimensions:
sweep: 1
Coordinates: (3)
longitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
longitude
units :
degrees_east
standard_name :
longitude
[1 values with dtype=float64]
latitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
latitude
units :
degrees_north
positive :
up
standard_name :
latitude
[1 values with dtype=float64]
altitude
()
float64
...
long_name :
altitude
units :
meters
standard_name :
altitude
[1 values with dtype=float64]
Data variables: (0)
Attributes: (0)
<xarray.DatasetView> Size: 56B Dimensions: (sweep: 1) Dimensions without coordinates: sweep Data variables: noise_power_short_pulse_h int64 8B -604 radar_constant_h int64 8B -1294 radar_constant_v int64 8B -1296 antenna_gain_h int64 8B 337 antenna_gain_v int64 8B 338 tx_power_h int64 8B 724 tx_power_v int64 8B 708
radar_calibration
Groups: (0)
Dimensions:
sweep: 1
Coordinates: (0)
Data variables: (7)
noise_power_short_pulse_h
()
int64
-604
array(-604)
radar_constant_h
()
int64
-1294
array(-1294)
radar_constant_v
()
int64
-1296
array(-1296)
antenna_gain_h
()
int64
337
array(337)
antenna_gain_v
()
int64
338
array(338)
tx_power_h
()
int64
724
array(724)
tx_power_v
()
int64
708
array(708)
Attributes: (0)
Dimensions:
- sweep: 1
Coordinates: (0)
Inherited coordinates: (0)
Data variables: (10)
- volume_number
  ()
  int64
  0
```
array(0)
```
- platform_type
  ()
  <U5
  'fixed'
```
array('fixed', dtype='<U5')
```
- instrument_type
  ()
  <U5
  'radar'
```
array('radar', dtype='<U5')
```
- time_coverage_start
  ()
  <U20
  '2022-03-24T00:00:01Z'
```
array('2022-03-24T00:00:01Z', dtype='<U20')
```
- time_coverage_end
  ()
  <U20
  '2022-03-24T00:00:28Z'
```
array('2022-03-24T00:00:28Z', dtype='<U20')
```
- longitude
  ()
  float64
  13.24
  long_name :
  longitude
  units :
  degrees_east
  standard_name :
  longitude
```
array(13.24397)
```
- altitude
  ()
  float64
  38.0
  long_name :
  altitude
  units :
  meters
  standard_name :
  altitude
```
array(38.)
```
- latitude
  ()
  float64
  53.55
  long_name :
  latitude
  units :
  degrees_north
  positive :
  up
  standard_name :
  latitude
```
array(53.55478)
```
- sweep_fixed_angle
  (sweep)
  float64
  0.5
```
array([0.5])
```
- sweep_group_name
  (sweep)
  int64
  0
```
array([0])
```
Attributes: (9)
Conventions :
None
instrument_name :
None
version :
10
title :
None
institution :
None
references :
None
source :
Furuno
history :
None
comment :
im/exported using xradar

Inspect sweep group(s)#

[13]:

display(vol["sweep_0"])

<xarray.DatasetView> Size: 45MB
Dimensions:            (sweep: 1, azimuth: 722, range: 936)
Coordinates:
    elevation          (azimuth) float64 6kB ...
  * range              (range) float32 4kB 37.5 112.5 ... 7.009e+04 7.016e+04
    time               (azimuth) datetime64[ns] 6kB 2022-03-24T00:00:17.65643...
    longitude          float64 8B ...
    latitude           float64 8B ...
    altitude           float64 8B ...
  * azimuth            (azimuth) float64 6kB 0.19 0.68 1.16 ... 359.2 359.7
Dimensions without coordinates: sweep
Data variables: (12/14)
    RATE               (azimuth, range) float64 5MB ...
    DBZH               (azimuth, range) float64 5MB ...
    VRADH              (azimuth, range) float64 5MB ...
    ZDR                (azimuth, range) float64 5MB ...
    KDP                (azimuth, range) float64 5MB ...
    PHIDP              (azimuth, range) float64 5MB ...
    ...                 ...
    QUAL               (azimuth, range) uint16 1MB ...
    sweep_mode         <U20 80B ...
    sweep_number       int64 8B ...
    prt_mode           <U7 28B ...
    follow_mode        <U7 28B ...
    sweep_fixed_angle  float64 8B ...

xarray.DataTree

Groups: (0)
Dimensions:
- sweep: 1
- azimuth: 722
- range: 936
Coordinates: (7)
- elevation
  (azimuth)
  float64
  ...
  standard_name :
  ray_elevation_angle
  long_name :
  elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane
  units :
  degrees
  axis :
  radial_elevation_coordinate
```
[722 values with dtype=float64]
```
- range
  (range)
  float32
  37.5 112.5 ... 7.009e+04 7.016e+04
  units :
  meters
  standard_name :
  projection_range_coordinate
  long_name :
  range_to_measurement_volume
  axis :
  radial_range_coordinate
  meters_between_gates :
  75.0
  spacing_is_constant :
  true
  meters_to_center_of_first_gate :
  37.5
```
array([3.75000e+01, 1.12500e+02, 1.87500e+02, ..., 7.00125e+04, 7.00875e+04,
       7.01625e+04], dtype=float32)
```
- time
  (azimuth)
  datetime64[ns]
  2022-03-24T00:00:17.656439500 .....
  standard_name :
  time
```
array(['2022-03-24T00:00:17.656439500', '2022-03-24T00:00:17.695220500',
       '2022-03-24T00:00:17.734001500', ..., '2022-03-24T00:00:17.540096500',
       '2022-03-24T00:00:17.578877500', '2022-03-24T00:00:17.617658500'],
      dtype='datetime64[ns]')
```
- longitude
  ()
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  longitude
  units :
  degrees_east
  standard_name :
  longitude
```
[1 values with dtype=float64]
```
- latitude
  ()
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  latitude
  units :
  degrees_north
  positive :
  up
  standard_name :
  latitude
```
[1 values with dtype=float64]
```
- altitude
  ()
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  altitude
  units :
  meters
  standard_name :
  altitude
```
[1 values with dtype=float64]
```
- azimuth
  (azimuth)
  float64
  0.19 0.68 1.16 ... 359.2 359.7
  standard_name :
  ray_azimuth_angle
  long_name :
  azimuth_angle_from_true_north
  units :
  degrees
  axis :
  radial_azimuth_coordinate
```
array([1.9000e-01, 6.8000e-01, 1.1600e+00, ..., 3.5866e+02, 3.5918e+02,
       3.5967e+02])
```
Inherited coordinates: (0)
Data variables: (14)
- RATE
  (azimuth, range)
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  rainfall_rate
  units :
  mm h-1
  standard_name :
  rainfall_rate
```
[675792 values with dtype=float64]
```
- DBZH
  (azimuth, range)
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  Equivalent reflectivity factor H
  units :
  dBZ
  standard_name :
  radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h
```
[675792 values with dtype=float64]
```
- VRADH
  (azimuth, range)
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  Radial velocity of scatterers away from instrument H
  units :
  meters per seconds
  standard_name :
  radial_velocity_of_scatterers_away_from_instrument_h
```
[675792 values with dtype=float64]
```
- ZDR
  (azimuth, range)
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  Log differential reflectivity H/V
  units :
  dB
  standard_name :
  radar_differential_reflectivity_hv
```
[675792 values with dtype=float64]
```
- KDP
  (azimuth, range)
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  Specific differential phase HV
  units :
  degrees per kilometer
  standard_name :
  radar_specific_differential_phase_hv
```
[675792 values with dtype=float64]
```
- PHIDP
  (azimuth, range)
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  Differential phase HV
  units :
  degrees
  standard_name :
  radar_differential_phase_hv
```
[675792 values with dtype=float64]
```
- RHOHV
  (azimuth, range)
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  Correlation coefficient HV
  units :
  unitless
  standard_name :
  radar_correlation_coefficient_hv
```
[675792 values with dtype=float64]
```
- WRADH
  (azimuth, range)
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  Doppler spectrum width H
  units :
  meters per seconds
  standard_name :
  radar_doppler_spectrum_width_h
```
[675792 values with dtype=float64]
```
- QUAL
  (azimuth, range)
  uint16
  ...
```
[675792 values with dtype=uint16]
```
- sweep_mode
  ()
  <U20
  ...
```
[1 values with dtype=<U20]
```
- sweep_number
  ()
  int64
  ...
```
[1 values with dtype=int64]
```
- prt_mode
  ()
  <U7
  ...
```
[1 values with dtype=<U7]
```
- follow_mode
  ()
  <U7
  ...
```
[1 values with dtype=<U7]
```
- sweep_fixed_angle
  ()
  float64
  ...
```
[1 values with dtype=float64]
```
Attributes: (0)

Georeferencing#

[14]:

swp = vol["sweep_0"].ds.copy()
swp = swp.assign_coords(sweep_mode=swp.sweep_mode)
swp = swp.wrl.georef.georeference()

Inspect radar moments#

The DataArrays can be accessed by key or by attribute. Each DataArray has dimensions and coordinates of it’s parent dataset.

[15]:

display(swp.DBZH)

<xarray.DataArray 'DBZH' (azimuth: 722, range: 936)> Size: 5MB
[675792 values with dtype=float64]
Coordinates: (12/15)
    sweep_mode  <U20 80B 'azimuth_surveillance'
    elevation   (azimuth) float64 6kB 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 ... 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
  * range       (range) float32 4kB 37.5 112.5 187.5 ... 7.009e+04 7.016e+04
    time        (azimuth) datetime64[ns] 6kB 2022-03-24T00:00:17.656439500 .....
    longitude   float64 8B 13.24
    latitude    float64 8B 53.55
    ...          ...
    y           (azimuth, range) float64 5MB 37.5 112.5 ... 7.008e+04 7.015e+04
    z           (azimuth, range) float64 5MB 38.33 38.98 39.64 ... 939.0 940.3
    gr          (azimuth, range) float64 5MB 37.53 112.5 ... 7.008e+04 7.015e+04
    rays        (azimuth, range) float64 5MB 0.19 0.19 0.19 ... 359.7 359.7
    bins        (azimuth, range) float32 3MB 37.5 112.5 ... 7.009e+04 7.016e+04
    crs_wkt     int64 8B 0
Attributes:
    long_name:      Equivalent reflectivity factor H
    units:          dBZ
    standard_name:  radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h

xarray.DataArray

'DBZH'

azimuth: 722
range: 936

...
```
[675792 values with dtype=float64]
```

Coordinates: (15)

sweep_mode

()

<U20

'azimuth_surveillance'

array('azimuth_surveillance', dtype='<U20')

elevation
(azimuth)
float64
0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 ... 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
standard_name :
ray_elevation_angle
long_name :
elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane
units :
degrees
axis :
radial_elevation_coordinate
```
array([0.5, 0.5, 0.5, ..., 0.5, 0.5, 0.5])
```
range
(range)
float32
37.5 112.5 ... 7.009e+04 7.016e+04
units :
meters
standard_name :
projection_range_coordinate
long_name :
range_to_measurement_volume
axis :
radial_range_coordinate
meters_between_gates :
75.0
spacing_is_constant :
true
meters_to_center_of_first_gate :
37.5
```
array([3.75000e+01, 1.12500e+02, 1.87500e+02, ..., 7.00125e+04, 7.00875e+04,
       7.01625e+04], dtype=float32)
```

time

(azimuth)

datetime64[ns]

2022-03-24T00:00:17.656439500 .....

standard_name :: time

array(['2022-03-24T00:00:17.656439500', '2022-03-24T00:00:17.695220500',
       '2022-03-24T00:00:17.734001500', ..., '2022-03-24T00:00:17.540096500',
       '2022-03-24T00:00:17.578877500', '2022-03-24T00:00:17.617658500'],
      dtype='datetime64[ns]')

longitude
()
float64
13.24
long_name :
longitude
units :
degrees_east
standard_name :
longitude
```
array(13.24397)
```
latitude
()
float64
53.55
long_name :
latitude
units :
degrees_north
positive :
up
standard_name :
latitude
```
array(53.55478)
```
altitude
()
float64
38.0
long_name :
altitude
units :
meters
standard_name :
altitude
```
array(38.)
```
azimuth
(azimuth)
float64
0.19 0.68 1.16 ... 359.2 359.7
standard_name :
ray_azimuth_angle
long_name :
azimuth_angle_from_true_north
units :
degrees
axis :
radial_azimuth_coordinate
```
array([1.9000e-01, 6.8000e-01, 1.1600e+00, ..., 3.5866e+02, 3.5918e+02,
       3.5967e+02])
```

(azimuth, range)

float64

0.1243 0.373 ... -403.6 -404.0

standard_name :: east_west_distance_from_radar
units :: meters

array([[ 1.24349185e-01,  3.73047525e-01,  6.21745827e-01, ...,
         2.32137957e+02,  2.32386602e+02,  2.32635248e+02],
       [ 4.45029555e-01,  1.33508856e+00,  2.22514743e+00, ...,
         8.30791548e+02,  8.31681418e+02,  8.32571288e+02],
       [ 7.59134024e-01,  2.27740190e+00,  3.79566953e+00, ...,
         1.41716909e+03,  1.41868704e+03,  1.42020498e+03],
       ...,
       [-8.76910648e-01, -2.63073174e+00, -4.38455256e+00, ...,
        -1.63703724e+03, -1.63879069e+03, -1.64054414e+03],
       [-5.36647565e-01, -1.60994257e+00, -2.68323741e+00, ...,
        -1.00182619e+03, -1.00289925e+03, -1.00397232e+03],
       [-2.15974101e-01, -6.47922254e-01, -1.07987034e+00, ...,
        -4.03185487e+02, -4.03617344e+02, -4.04049200e+02]])

(azimuth, range)

float64

37.5 112.5 ... 7.008e+04 7.015e+04

standard_name :: north_south_distance_from_radar
units :: meters

array([[3.74981966e+01, 1.12494581e+02, 1.87490954e+02, ...,
        7.00025075e+04, 7.00774880e+04, 7.01524684e+04],
       [3.74957619e+01, 1.12487277e+02, 1.87478780e+02, ...,
        6.99979623e+04, 7.00729379e+04, 7.01479135e+04],
       [3.74907178e+01, 1.12472145e+02, 1.87453560e+02, ...,
        6.99885460e+04, 7.00635116e+04, 7.01384771e+04],
       ...,
       [3.74881479e+01, 1.12464435e+02, 1.87440711e+02, ...,
        6.99837485e+04, 7.00587089e+04, 7.01336693e+04],
       [3.74945625e+01, 1.12483679e+02, 1.87472784e+02, ...,
        6.99957234e+04, 7.00706966e+04, 7.01456698e+04],
       [3.74977808e+01, 1.12493334e+02, 1.87488875e+02, ...,
        7.00017313e+04, 7.00767110e+04, 7.01516906e+04]])

(azimuth, range)

float64

38.33 38.98 39.64 ... 939.0 940.3

standard_name :: height_above_ground
units :: meters

array([[ 38.32732793,  38.98248092,  39.63829672, ..., 937.73877873,
        939.0122406 , 940.28639607],
       [ 38.32732793,  38.98248092,  39.63829672, ..., 937.73877873,
        939.0122406 , 940.28639607],
       [ 38.32732793,  38.98248092,  39.63829672, ..., 937.73877873,
        939.0122406 , 940.28639607],
       ...,
       [ 38.32732793,  38.98248092,  39.63829672, ..., 937.73877873,
        939.0122406 , 940.28639607],
       [ 38.32732793,  38.98248092,  39.63829672, ..., 937.73877873,
        939.0122406 , 940.28639607],
       [ 38.32732793,  38.98248092,  39.63829672, ..., 937.73877873,
        939.0122406 , 940.28639607]])

(azimuth, range)

float64

37.53 112.5 ... 7.008e+04 7.015e+04

standard_name :: distance_from_radar
units :: meters

array([[3.75308511e+01, 1.12527644e+02, 1.87524428e+02, ...,
        7.00029248e+04, 7.00779057e+04, 7.01528866e+04],
       [3.75306606e+01, 1.12527453e+02, 1.87524237e+02, ...,
        7.00029247e+04, 7.00779055e+04, 7.01528864e+04],
       [3.75304717e+01, 1.12527264e+02, 1.87524048e+02, ...,
        7.00029245e+04, 7.00779054e+04, 7.01528862e+04],
       ...,
       [3.75314306e+01, 1.12528223e+02, 1.87525008e+02, ...,
        7.00029254e+04, 7.00779063e+04, 7.01528872e+04],
       [3.75312363e+01, 1.12528029e+02, 1.87524813e+02, ...,
        7.00029252e+04, 7.00779061e+04, 7.01528870e+04],
       [3.75310507e+01, 1.12527843e+02, 1.87524628e+02, ...,
        7.00029250e+04, 7.00779059e+04, 7.01528868e+04]])

rays

(azimuth, range)

float64

0.19 0.19 0.19 ... 359.7 359.7

standard_name :: ray_azimuth_angle
long_name :: azimuth_angle_from_true_north
units :: degrees
axis :: radial_azimuth_coordinate

array([[1.9000e-01, 1.9000e-01, 1.9000e-01, ..., 1.9000e-01, 1.9000e-01,
        1.9000e-01],
       [6.8000e-01, 6.8000e-01, 6.8000e-01, ..., 6.8000e-01, 6.8000e-01,
        6.8000e-01],
       [1.1600e+00, 1.1600e+00, 1.1600e+00, ..., 1.1600e+00, 1.1600e+00,
        1.1600e+00],
       ...,
       [3.5866e+02, 3.5866e+02, 3.5866e+02, ..., 3.5866e+02, 3.5866e+02,
        3.5866e+02],
       [3.5918e+02, 3.5918e+02, 3.5918e+02, ..., 3.5918e+02, 3.5918e+02,
        3.5918e+02],
       [3.5967e+02, 3.5967e+02, 3.5967e+02, ..., 3.5967e+02, 3.5967e+02,
        3.5967e+02]])

bins

(azimuth, range)

float32

37.5 112.5 ... 7.009e+04 7.016e+04

units :: meters
standard_name :: projection_range_coordinate
long_name :: range_to_measurement_volume
axis :: radial_range_coordinate
meters_between_gates :: 75.0
spacing_is_constant :: true
meters_to_center_of_first_gate :: 37.5

array([[3.75000e+01, 1.12500e+02, 1.87500e+02, ..., 7.00125e+04,
        7.00875e+04, 7.01625e+04],
       [3.75000e+01, 1.12500e+02, 1.87500e+02, ..., 7.00125e+04,
        7.00875e+04, 7.01625e+04],
       [3.75000e+01, 1.12500e+02, 1.87500e+02, ..., 7.00125e+04,
        7.00875e+04, 7.01625e+04],
       ...,
       [3.75000e+01, 1.12500e+02, 1.87500e+02, ..., 7.00125e+04,
        7.00875e+04, 7.01625e+04],
       [3.75000e+01, 1.12500e+02, 1.87500e+02, ..., 7.00125e+04,
        7.00875e+04, 7.01625e+04],
       [3.75000e+01, 1.12500e+02, 1.87500e+02, ..., 7.00125e+04,
        7.00875e+04, 7.01625e+04]], dtype=float32)

crs_wkt
()
int64
0
crs_wkt :
PROJCRS["unknown",BASEGEOGCRS["unknown",DATUM["World Geodetic System 1984",ELLIPSOID["WGS 84",6378137,298.257223563,LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]],ID["EPSG",6326]],PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],ID["EPSG",8901]]],CONVERSION["unknown",METHOD["Azimuthal Equidistant",ID["EPSG",1125]],PARAMETER["Latitude of natural origin",53.55478,ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],ID["EPSG",8801]],PARAMETER["Longitude of natural origin",13.24397,ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],ID["EPSG",8802]],PARAMETER["False easting",0,LENGTHUNIT["metre",1],ID["EPSG",8806]],PARAMETER["False northing",0,LENGTHUNIT["metre",1],ID["EPSG",8807]]],CS[Cartesian,2],AXIS["(E)",east,ORDER[1],LENGTHUNIT["metre",1,ID["EPSG",9001]]],AXIS["(N)",north,ORDER[2],LENGTHUNIT["metre",1,ID["EPSG",9001]]]]
semi_major_axis :
6378137.0
semi_minor_axis :
6356752.314245179
inverse_flattening :
298.257223563
reference_ellipsoid_name :
WGS 84
longitude_of_prime_meridian :
0.0
prime_meridian_name :
Greenwich
geographic_crs_name :
unknown
horizontal_datum_name :
World Geodetic System 1984
projected_crs_name :
unknown
grid_mapping_name :
azimuthal_equidistant
latitude_of_projection_origin :
53.55478
longitude_of_projection_origin :
13.24397
false_easting :
0.0
false_northing :
0.0
```
array(0)
```

Indexes: (2)

range

PandasIndex

PandasIndex(Index([   37.5,   112.5,   187.5,   262.5,   337.5,   412.5,   487.5,   562.5,
         637.5,   712.5,
       ...
       69487.5, 69562.5, 69637.5, 69712.5, 69787.5, 69862.5, 69937.5, 70012.5,
       70087.5, 70162.5],
      dtype='float32', name='range', length=936))

azimuth

PandasIndex

PandasIndex(Index([  0.19,   0.68,   1.16,   1.69,   2.17,   2.65,   3.18,   3.67,   4.15,
         4.68,
       ...
       355.18, 355.67, 356.19, 356.68, 357.16, 357.69, 358.17, 358.66, 359.18,
       359.67],
      dtype='float64', name='azimuth', length=722))

Attributes: (3)
long_name :
Equivalent reflectivity factor H
units :
dBZ
standard_name :
radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h

Create simple plot#

Currently the data dynamic range is left as read from the file. That way the difference between shortpulse and longpulse can be clearly seen.

Using xarray features a simple plot can be created like this. Note the sortby('time') method, which sorts the radials by time.

For more details on plotting radar data see under Visualization.

[16]:

swp.DBZH.sortby("time").plot(x="range", y="time", add_labels=False)

[16]:

<matplotlib.collections.QuadMesh at 0x7ff0df06b5f0>

../../../_images/notebooks_fileio_backends_furuno_backend_32_1.png

[17]:

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(5, 5))
pm = swp.DBZH.wrl.vis.plot(crs={"latmin": 3e3}, fig=fig)

../../../_images/notebooks_fileio_backends_furuno_backend_33_0.png

More Furuno loading mechanisms#

Use `xr.open_dataset` to retrieve explicit group#

[18]:

swp_b = xr.open_dataset(f, engine="furuno", backend_kwargs=dict(reindex_angle=False))
display(swp_b)

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 45MB
Dimensions:            (azimuth: 722, range: 936)
Coordinates:
    elevation          (azimuth) float64 6kB ...
  * range              (range) float32 4kB 37.5 112.5 ... 7.009e+04 7.016e+04
    time               (azimuth) datetime64[ns] 6kB ...
    longitude          float64 8B ...
    latitude           float64 8B ...
    altitude           float64 8B ...
  * azimuth            (azimuth) float64 6kB 0.19 0.68 1.16 ... 359.2 359.7
Data variables: (12/14)
    RATE               (azimuth, range) float64 5MB ...
    DBZH               (azimuth, range) float64 5MB ...
    VRADH              (azimuth, range) float64 5MB ...
    ZDR                (azimuth, range) float64 5MB ...
    KDP                (azimuth, range) float64 5MB ...
    PHIDP              (azimuth, range) float64 5MB ...
    ...                 ...
    QUAL               (azimuth, range) uint16 1MB ...
    sweep_mode         <U20 80B ...
    sweep_number       int64 8B ...
    prt_mode           <U7 28B ...
    follow_mode        <U7 28B ...
    sweep_fixed_angle  float64 8B ...
Attributes:
    source:                     Furuno
    version:                    10
    antenna_gain_h:             337
    antenna_gain_v:             338
    tx_power_h:                 724
    tx_power_v:                 708
    radar_constant_h:           -1294
    radar_constant_v:           -1296
    noise_power_short_pulse_h:  -604

xarray.Dataset

Dimensions:
- azimuth: 722
- range: 936
Coordinates: (7)
- elevation
  (azimuth)
  float64
  ...
  standard_name :
  ray_elevation_angle
  long_name :
  elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane
  units :
  degrees
  axis :
  radial_elevation_coordinate
```
[722 values with dtype=float64]
```
- range
  (range)
  float32
  37.5 112.5 ... 7.009e+04 7.016e+04
  units :
  meters
  standard_name :
  projection_range_coordinate
  long_name :
  range_to_measurement_volume
  axis :
  radial_range_coordinate
  meters_between_gates :
  75.0
  spacing_is_constant :
  true
  meters_to_center_of_first_gate :
  37.5
```
array([3.75000e+01, 1.12500e+02, 1.87500e+02, ..., 7.00125e+04, 7.00875e+04,
       7.01625e+04], dtype=float32)
```
- time
  (azimuth)
  datetime64[ns]
  ...
  standard_name :
  time
```
[722 values with dtype=datetime64[ns]]
```
- longitude
  ()
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  longitude
  units :
  degrees_east
  standard_name :
  longitude
```
[1 values with dtype=float64]
```
- latitude
  ()
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  latitude
  units :
  degrees_north
  positive :
  up
  standard_name :
  latitude
```
[1 values with dtype=float64]
```
- altitude
  ()
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  altitude
  units :
  meters
  standard_name :
  altitude
```
[1 values with dtype=float64]
```
- azimuth
  (azimuth)
  float64
  0.19 0.68 1.16 ... 359.2 359.7
  standard_name :
  ray_azimuth_angle
  long_name :
  azimuth_angle_from_true_north
  units :
  degrees
  axis :
  radial_azimuth_coordinate
```
array([1.9000e-01, 6.8000e-01, 1.1600e+00, ..., 3.5866e+02, 3.5918e+02,
       3.5967e+02])
```
Data variables: (14)
- RATE
  (azimuth, range)
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  rainfall_rate
  units :
  mm h-1
  standard_name :
  rainfall_rate
```
[675792 values with dtype=float64]
```
- DBZH
  (azimuth, range)
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  Equivalent reflectivity factor H
  units :
  dBZ
  standard_name :
  radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h
```
[675792 values with dtype=float64]
```
- VRADH
  (azimuth, range)
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  Radial velocity of scatterers away from instrument H
  units :
  meters per seconds
  standard_name :
  radial_velocity_of_scatterers_away_from_instrument_h
```
[675792 values with dtype=float64]
```
- ZDR
  (azimuth, range)
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  Log differential reflectivity H/V
  units :
  dB
  standard_name :
  radar_differential_reflectivity_hv
```
[675792 values with dtype=float64]
```
- KDP
  (azimuth, range)
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  Specific differential phase HV
  units :
  degrees per kilometer
  standard_name :
  radar_specific_differential_phase_hv
```
[675792 values with dtype=float64]
```
- PHIDP
  (azimuth, range)
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  Differential phase HV
  units :
  degrees
  standard_name :
  radar_differential_phase_hv
```
[675792 values with dtype=float64]
```
- RHOHV
  (azimuth, range)
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  Correlation coefficient HV
  units :
  unitless
  standard_name :
  radar_correlation_coefficient_hv
```
[675792 values with dtype=float64]
```
- WRADH
  (azimuth, range)
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  Doppler spectrum width H
  units :
  meters per seconds
  standard_name :
  radar_doppler_spectrum_width_h
```
[675792 values with dtype=float64]
```
- QUAL
  (azimuth, range)
  uint16
  ...
```
[675792 values with dtype=uint16]
```
- sweep_mode
  ()
  <U20
  ...
```
[1 values with dtype=<U20]
```
- sweep_number
  ()
  int64
  ...
```
[1 values with dtype=int64]
```
- prt_mode
  ()
  <U7
  ...
```
[1 values with dtype=<U7]
```
- follow_mode
  ()
  <U7
  ...
```
[1 values with dtype=<U7]
```
- sweep_fixed_angle
  ()
  float64
  ...
```
[1 values with dtype=float64]
```

Indexes: (2)

range

PandasIndex

PandasIndex(Index([   37.5,   112.5,   187.5,   262.5,   337.5,   412.5,   487.5,   562.5,
         637.5,   712.5,
       ...
       69487.5, 69562.5, 69637.5, 69712.5, 69787.5, 69862.5, 69937.5, 70012.5,
       70087.5, 70162.5],
      dtype='float32', name='range', length=936))

azimuth

PandasIndex

PandasIndex(Index([  0.19,   0.68,   1.16,   1.69,   2.17,   2.65,   3.18,   3.67,   4.15,
         4.68,
       ...
       355.18, 355.67, 356.19, 356.68, 357.16, 357.69, 358.17, 358.66, 359.18,
       359.67],
      dtype='float64', name='azimuth', length=722))

Attributes: (9)
source :
Furuno
version :
10
antenna_gain_h :
337
antenna_gain_v :
338
tx_power_h :
724
tx_power_v :
708
radar_constant_h :
-1294
radar_constant_v :
-1296
noise_power_short_pulse_h :
-604

xradar furuno backend

Contents

xradar furuno backend#

Load furuno scn Data#

Inspect RadarVolume#

Inspect root group#

Inspect sweep group(s)#

Georeferencing#

Inspect radar moments#

Create simple plot#

Use xr.open_dataset to retrieve explicit group#

Load furuno scnx Data#

Inspect RadarVolume#

Inspect root group#

Inspect sweep group(s)#

Georeferencing#

Inspect radar moments#

Create simple plot#

More Furuno loading mechanisms#

Use xr.open_dataset to retrieve explicit group#

Use `xr.open_dataset` to retrieve explicit group#

Use `xr.open_dataset` to retrieve explicit group#