xarray IRIS backend#

In this example, we read IRIS (sigmet) data files using the wradlib iris xarray backend.

[1]:

import glob
import gzip
import io
import wradlib as wrl
import warnings

warnings.filterwarnings("ignore")
import matplotlib.pyplot as pl
import numpy as np
import xarray as xr

try:
    get_ipython().run_line_magic("matplotlib inline")
except:
    pl.ion()

/home/runner/micromamba-root/envs/wradlib-tests/lib/python3.11/site-packages/tqdm/auto.py:22: TqdmWarning: IProgress not found. Please update jupyter and ipywidgets. See https://ipywidgets.readthedocs.io/en/stable/user_install.html
  from .autonotebook import tqdm as notebook_tqdm

Load IRIS Volume Data#

[2]:

fpath = "sigmet/SUR210819000227.RAWKPJV"
f = wrl.util.get_wradlib_data_file(fpath)
vol = wrl.io.open_iris_dataset(f, reindex_angle=False)

Downloading file 'sigmet/SUR210819000227.RAWKPJV' from 'https://github.com/wradlib/wradlib-data/raw/pooch/data/sigmet/SUR210819000227.RAWKPJV' to '/home/runner/work/wradlib/wradlib/wradlib-data'.

Inspect RadarVolume#

[3]:

display(vol)

<wradlib.RadarVolume>
Dimension(s): (sweep: 1)
Elevation(s): (0.5)

Inspect root group#

The sweep dimension contains the number of scans in this radar volume. Further the dataset consists of variables (location coordinates, time_coverage) and attributes (Conventions, metadata).

[4]:

vol.root

[4]:

<xarray.Dataset>
Dimensions:              (sweep: 1)
Dimensions without coordinates: sweep
Data variables:
    volume_number        int64 0
    platform_type        <U5 'fixed'
    instrument_type      <U5 'radar'
    primary_axis         <U6 'axis_z'
    time_coverage_start  <U20 '2021-08-19T00:02:28Z'
    time_coverage_end    <U20 '2021-08-19 00:02:50Z'
    latitude             float64 ...
    longitude            float64 ...
    altitude             float64 ...
    sweep_group_name     (sweep) <U7 'sweep_0'
    sweep_fixed_angle    (sweep) float64 0.5
Attributes:
    version:          None
    title:            None
    institution:      None
    references:       None
    source:           None
    history:          None
    comment:          im/exported using wradlib
    instrument_name:  None
    fixed_angle:      0.5

xarray.Dataset

Dimensions:
- sweep: 1
Coordinates: (0)
Data variables: (11)
- volume_number
  ()
  int64
  0
```
array(0)
```
- platform_type
  ()
  <U5
  'fixed'
```
array('fixed', dtype='<U5')
```
- instrument_type
  ()
  <U5
  'radar'
```
array('radar', dtype='<U5')
```
- primary_axis
  ()
  <U6
  'axis_z'
```
array('axis_z', dtype='<U6')
```
- time_coverage_start
  ()
  <U20
  '2021-08-19T00:02:28Z'
```
array('2021-08-19T00:02:28Z', dtype='<U20')
```
- time_coverage_end
  ()
  <U20
  '2021-08-19 00:02:50Z'
```
array('2021-08-19 00:02:50Z', dtype='<U20')
```
- latitude
  ()
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  latitude
  units :
  degrees_north
  positive :
  up
  standard_name :
  latitude
```
[1 values with dtype=float64]
```
- longitude
  ()
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  longitude
  units :
  degrees_east
  standard_name :
  longitude
```
[1 values with dtype=float64]
```
- altitude
  ()
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  altitude
  units :
  meters
  standard_name :
  altitude
```
[1 values with dtype=float64]
```
- sweep_group_name
  (sweep)
  <U7
  'sweep_0'
```
array(['sweep_0'], dtype='<U7')
```
- sweep_fixed_angle
  (sweep)
  float64
  0.5
```
array([0.5])
```
Indexes: (0)
Attributes: (9)
version :
None
title :
None
institution :
None
references :
None
source :
None
history :
None
comment :
im/exported using wradlib
instrument_name :
None
fixed_angle :
0.5

Inspect sweep group(s)#

The sweep-groups can be accessed via their respective keys. The dimensions consist of range and time with added coordinates azimuth, elevation, range and time. There will be variables like radar moments (DBZH etc.) and sweep-dependend metadata (like fixed_angle, sweep_mode etc.).

[5]:

display(vol[0])

<xarray.Dataset>
Dimensions:            (azimuth: 359, range: 833)
Coordinates:
  * azimuth            (azimuth) float64 0.03021 1.035 2.054 ... 358.0 359.0
    elevation          (azimuth) float32 ...
    rtime              (azimuth) datetime64[ns] 2021-08-19T00:02:31.104000 .....
  * range              (range) float32 150.0 450.0 750.0 ... 2.494e+05 2.498e+05
    longitude          float64 ...
    latitude           float64 ...
    altitude           float64 ...
    sweep_mode         <U20 ...
    time               datetime64[ns] 2021-08-19T00:02:28.029000
Data variables: (12/15)
    DBTH               (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    DBZH               (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    VRADH              (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    WRADH              (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    ZDR                (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    KDP                (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    ...                 ...
    DB_HCLASS2         (azimuth, range) int16 ...
    SNRH               (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    sweep_number       int64 ...
    prt_mode           <U7 ...
    follow_mode        <U7 ...
    sweep_fixed_angle  float64 0.5
Attributes:
    fixed_angle:  0.5

xarray.Dataset

Dimensions:
- azimuth: 359
- range: 833
Coordinates: (9)
- azimuth
  (azimuth)
  float64
  0.03021 1.035 2.054 ... 358.0 359.0
  standard_name :
  ray_azimuth_angle
  long_name :
  azimuth_angle_from_true_north
  units :
  degrees
  axis :
  radial_azimuth_coordinate
```
array([3.021240e-02, 1.035461e+00, 2.054443e+00, ..., 3.570447e+02,
       3.580444e+02, 3.590332e+02])
```
- elevation
  (azimuth)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  ray_elevation_angle
  long_name :
  elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane
  units :
  degrees
  axis :
  radial_elevation_coordinate
```
[359 values with dtype=float32]
```
- rtime
  (azimuth)
  datetime64[ns]
  2021-08-19T00:02:31.104000 ... 2...
  standard_name :
  time
```
array(['2021-08-19T00:02:31.104000000', '2021-08-19T00:02:31.162000000',
       '2021-08-19T00:02:31.222000000', ..., '2021-08-19T00:02:30.929000000',
       '2021-08-19T00:02:30.988000000', '2021-08-19T00:02:31.046000000'],
      dtype='datetime64[ns]')
```
- range
  (range)
  float32
  150.0 450.0 ... 2.494e+05 2.498e+05
  units :
  meters
  standard_name :
  projection_range_coordinate
  long_name :
  range_to_measurement_volume
  axis :
  radial_range_coordinate
  meters_between_gates :
  15000.0
  spacing_is_constant :
  true
  meters_to_center_of_first_gate :
  0
```
array([1.5000e+02, 4.5000e+02, 7.5000e+02, ..., 2.4915e+05, 2.4945e+05,
       2.4975e+05], dtype=float32)
```
- longitude
  ()
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  longitude
  units :
  degrees_east
  standard_name :
  longitude
```
[1 values with dtype=float64]
```
- latitude
  ()
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  latitude
  units :
  degrees_north
  positive :
  up
  standard_name :
  latitude
```
[1 values with dtype=float64]
```
- altitude
  ()
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  altitude
  units :
  meters
  standard_name :
  altitude
```
[1 values with dtype=float64]
```
- sweep_mode
  ()
  <U20
  ...
```
[1 values with dtype=<U20]
```
- time
  ()
  datetime64[ns]
  2021-08-19T00:02:28.029000
```
array('2021-08-19T00:02:28.029000000', dtype='datetime64[ns]')
```
Data variables: (15)
- DBTH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h
  units :
  dBZ
  long_name :
  Total power H (uncorrected reflectivity)
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[299047 values with dtype=float32]
```
- DBZH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h
  units :
  dBZ
  long_name :
  Equivalent reflectivity factor H
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[299047 values with dtype=float32]
```
- VRADH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  radial_velocity_of_scatterers_away_from_instrument_h
  units :
  meters per seconds
  long_name :
  Radial velocity of scatterers away from instrument H
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[299047 values with dtype=float32]
```
- WRADH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  radar_doppler_spectrum_width_h
  units :
  meters per seconds
  long_name :
  Doppler spectrum width H
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[299047 values with dtype=float32]
```
- ZDR
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  radar_differential_reflectivity_hv
  units :
  dB
  long_name :
  Log differential reflectivity H/V
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[299047 values with dtype=float32]
```
- KDP
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  radar_specific_differential_phase_hv
  units :
  degrees per kilometer
  long_name :
  Specific differential phase HV
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[299047 values with dtype=float32]
```
- RHOHV
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  radar_correlation_coefficient_hv
  units :
  unitless
  long_name :
  Correlation coefficient HV
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[299047 values with dtype=float32]
```
- SQIH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  signal_quality_index_h
  units :
  unitless
  long_name :
  Signal Quality H
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[299047 values with dtype=float32]
```
- PHIDP
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  radar_differential_phase_hv
  units :
  degrees
  long_name :
  Differential phase HV
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[299047 values with dtype=float32]
```
- DB_HCLASS2
  (azimuth, range)
  int16
  ...
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[299047 values with dtype=int16]
```
- SNRH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  signal_noise_ratio_h
  units :
  unitless
  long_name :
  Signal Noise Ratio H
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[299047 values with dtype=float32]
```
- sweep_number
  ()
  int64
  ...
```
[1 values with dtype=int64]
```
- prt_mode
  ()
  <U7
  ...
```
[1 values with dtype=<U7]
```
- follow_mode
  ()
  <U7
  ...
```
[1 values with dtype=<U7]
```
- sweep_fixed_angle
  ()
  float64
  0.5
```
array(0.5)
```

Indexes: (2)

azimuth

PandasIndex

PandasIndex(Float64Index([  0.03021240234375,   1.03546142578125,     2.054443359375,
                3.05694580078125,   4.05120849609375,    5.0372314453125,
                6.02874755859375,    7.0477294921875,     8.074951171875,
                9.01153564453125,
              ...
               350.0518798828125, 351.02142333984375, 352.02117919921875,
              353.03192138671875, 354.07012939453125, 355.09185791015625,
                  356.0888671875,   357.044677734375,    358.04443359375,
                   359.033203125],
             dtype='float64', name='azimuth', length=359))

range

PandasIndex

PandasIndex(Float64Index([   150.0,    450.0,    750.0,   1050.0,   1350.0,   1650.0,
                1950.0,   2250.0,   2550.0,   2850.0,
              ...
              247050.0, 247350.0, 247650.0, 247950.0, 248250.0, 248550.0,
              248850.0, 249150.0, 249450.0, 249750.0],
             dtype='float64', name='range', length=833))

Attributes: (1)
fixed_angle :
0.5

Goereferencing#

[6]:

swp = vol[0].copy().pipe(wrl.georef.georeference_dataset)

Plotting#

[7]:

swp.DBZH.plot.pcolormesh(x="x", y="y")
pl.gca().set_aspect("equal")

../../_images/notebooks_fileio_wradlib_iris_backend_14_0.png

[8]:

fig = pl.figure(figsize=(10, 10))
swp.DBZH.wradlib.plot_ppi(proj="cg", fig=fig)

[8]:

<matplotlib.collections.QuadMesh at 0x7f242921da90>

../../_images/notebooks_fileio_wradlib_iris_backend_15_1.png

[9]:

import cartopy
import cartopy.crs as ccrs
import cartopy.feature as cfeature

map_trans = ccrs.AzimuthalEquidistant(
    central_latitude=swp.latitude.values, central_longitude=swp.longitude.values
)

[10]:

map_proj = ccrs.AzimuthalEquidistant(
    central_latitude=swp.latitude.values, central_longitude=swp.longitude.values
)
pm = swp.DBZH.wradlib.plot_ppi(proj=map_proj)
ax = pl.gca()
ax.gridlines(crs=map_proj)
print(ax)

< GeoAxes: +proj=aeqd +ellps=WGS84 +lon_0=25.518660116940737 +lat_0=58.48231002688408 +x_0=0.0 +y_0=0.0 +no_defs +type=crs >

../../_images/notebooks_fileio_wradlib_iris_backend_17_1.png

[11]:

map_proj = ccrs.Mercator(central_longitude=swp.longitude.values)
fig = pl.figure(figsize=(10, 8))
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection=map_proj)
pm = swp.DBZH.wradlib.plot_ppi(ax=ax)
ax.gridlines(draw_labels=True)

[11]:

<cartopy.mpl.gridliner.Gridliner at 0x7f24291d22d0>

../../_images/notebooks_fileio_wradlib_iris_backend_18_1.png

[12]:

import cartopy.feature as cfeature


def plot_borders(ax):
    borders = cfeature.NaturalEarthFeature(
        category="physical", name="coastline", scale="10m", facecolor="none"
    )
    ax.add_feature(borders, edgecolor="black", lw=2, zorder=4)


map_proj = ccrs.Mercator(central_longitude=swp.longitude.values)
fig = pl.figure(figsize=(10, 8))
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection=map_proj)

DBZH = swp.DBZH
pm = DBZH.where(DBZH > 0).wradlib.plot_ppi(ax=ax)
plot_borders(ax)
ax.gridlines(draw_labels=True)

[12]:

<cartopy.mpl.gridliner.Gridliner at 0x7f241d9c0bd0>

../../_images/notebooks_fileio_wradlib_iris_backend_19_1.png

[13]:

import matplotlib.path as mpath

theta = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi, 100)
center, radius = [0.5, 0.5], 0.5
verts = np.vstack([np.sin(theta), np.cos(theta)]).T
circle = mpath.Path(verts * radius + center)

map_proj = ccrs.AzimuthalEquidistant(
    central_latitude=swp.latitude.values,
    central_longitude=swp.longitude.values,
)
fig = pl.figure(figsize=(10, 8))
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection=map_proj)
ax.set_boundary(circle, transform=ax.transAxes)

pm = swp.DBZH.wradlib.plot_ppi(proj=map_proj, ax=ax)
ax = pl.gca()
ax.gridlines(crs=map_proj)

[13]:

<cartopy.mpl.gridliner.Gridliner at 0x7f241d856310>

../../_images/notebooks_fileio_wradlib_iris_backend_20_1.png

[14]:

fig = pl.figure(figsize=(10, 8))
proj = ccrs.AzimuthalEquidistant(
    central_latitude=swp.latitude.values, central_longitude=swp.longitude.values
)
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection=proj)
pm = swp.DBZH.wradlib.plot_ppi(ax=ax)
ax.gridlines()

[14]:

<cartopy.mpl.gridliner.Gridliner at 0x7f241d7459d0>

../../_images/notebooks_fileio_wradlib_iris_backend_21_1.png

[15]:

swp.DBZH.wradlib.plot_ppi()

[15]:

<matplotlib.collections.QuadMesh at 0x7f24292a5f10>

../../_images/notebooks_fileio_wradlib_iris_backend_22_1.png

Inspect radar moments#

The DataArrays can be accessed by key or by attribute. Each DataArray has dimensions and coordinates of it’s parent dataset.

[16]:

display(swp.DBZH)

<xarray.DataArray 'DBZH' (azimuth: 359, range: 833)>
array([[-327.68, -327.68, -327.68, ..., -327.68, -327.68, -327.68],
       [-327.68,    3.39,    6.45, ..., -327.68, -327.68, -327.68],
       [  -8.86,    5.25,    8.58, ..., -327.68, -327.68, -327.68],
       ...,
       [-327.68, -327.68, -327.68, ..., -327.68, -327.68, -327.68],
       [-327.68,    4.75,   10.95, ..., -327.68, -327.68, -327.68],
       [-327.68, -327.68,    4.94, ..., -327.68, -327.68, -327.68]])
Coordinates: (12/15)
  * azimuth     (azimuth) float64 0.03021 1.035 2.054 ... 357.0 358.0 359.0
    elevation   (azimuth) float64 0.5054 0.5054 0.5054 ... 0.5054 0.5054 0.5054
    rtime       (azimuth) datetime64[ns] 2021-08-19T00:02:31.104000 ... 2021-...
  * range       (range) float32 150.0 450.0 750.0 ... 2.494e+05 2.498e+05
    longitude   float64 25.52
    latitude    float64 58.48
    ...          ...
    x           (azimuth, range) float64 0.07909 0.2373 ... -4.211e+03
    y           (azimuth, range) float64 150.0 450.0 ... 2.493e+05 2.496e+05
    z           (azimuth, range) float64 158.3 161.0 ... 6.023e+03 6.034e+03
    gr          (azimuth, range) float64 150.0 450.0 ... 2.493e+05 2.496e+05
    rays        (azimuth, range) float64 0.03021 0.03021 0.03021 ... 359.0 359.0
    bins        (azimuth, range) float32 150.0 450.0 ... 2.494e+05 2.498e+05
Attributes:
    standard_name:  radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h
    units:          dBZ
    long_name:      Equivalent reflectivity factor H
    coordinates:    elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time ...

xarray.DataArray

'DBZH'

azimuth: 359
range: 833

-327.7 -327.7 -327.7 9.97 10.44 ... -327.7 -327.7 -327.7 -327.7 -327.7

array([[-327.68, -327.68, -327.68, ..., -327.68, -327.68, -327.68],
       [-327.68,    3.39,    6.45, ..., -327.68, -327.68, -327.68],
       [  -8.86,    5.25,    8.58, ..., -327.68, -327.68, -327.68],
       ...,
       [-327.68, -327.68, -327.68, ..., -327.68, -327.68, -327.68],
       [-327.68,    4.75,   10.95, ..., -327.68, -327.68, -327.68],
       [-327.68, -327.68,    4.94, ..., -327.68, -327.68, -327.68]])

Coordinates: (15)

azimuth
(azimuth)
float64
0.03021 1.035 2.054 ... 358.0 359.0
standard_name :
ray_azimuth_angle
long_name :
azimuth_angle_from_true_north
units :
degrees
axis :
radial_azimuth_coordinate
```
array([3.021240e-02, 1.035461e+00, 2.054443e+00, ..., 3.570447e+02,
       3.580444e+02, 3.590332e+02])
```
elevation
(azimuth)
float64
0.5054 0.5054 ... 0.5054 0.5054
standard_name :
ray_elevation_angle
long_name :
elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane
units :
degrees
axis :
radial_elevation_coordinate
```
array([0.505371, 0.505371, 0.505371, ..., 0.505371, 0.505371, 0.505371])
```

rtime

(azimuth)

datetime64[ns]

2021-08-19T00:02:31.104000 ... 2...

standard_name :: time

array(['2021-08-19T00:02:31.104000000', '2021-08-19T00:02:31.162000000',
       '2021-08-19T00:02:31.222000000', ..., '2021-08-19T00:02:30.929000000',
       '2021-08-19T00:02:30.988000000', '2021-08-19T00:02:31.046000000'],
      dtype='datetime64[ns]')

range
(range)
float32
150.0 450.0 ... 2.494e+05 2.498e+05
units :
meters
standard_name :
projection_range_coordinate
long_name :
range_to_measurement_volume
axis :
radial_range_coordinate
meters_between_gates :
15000.0
spacing_is_constant :
true
meters_to_center_of_first_gate :
0
```
array([1.5000e+02, 4.5000e+02, 7.5000e+02, ..., 2.4915e+05, 2.4945e+05,
       2.4975e+05], dtype=float32)
```
longitude
()
float64
25.52
long_name :
longitude
units :
degrees_east
standard_name :
longitude
```
array(25.51866)
```
latitude
()
float64
58.48
long_name :
latitude
units :
degrees_north
positive :
up
standard_name :
latitude
```
array(58.48231)
```
altitude
()
float64
157.0
long_name :
altitude
units :
meters
standard_name :
altitude
```
array(157.)
```

sweep_mode

()

<U20

'azimuth_surveillance'

array('azimuth_surveillance', dtype='<U20')

time

()

datetime64[ns]

2021-08-19T00:02:28.029000

array('2021-08-19T00:02:28.029000000', dtype='datetime64[ns]')

(azimuth, range)

float64

0.07909 0.2373 ... -4.211e+03

array([[ 7.90913278e-02,  2.37273909e-01,  3.95456393e-01, ...,
         1.31298978e+02,  1.31456941e+02,  1.31614904e+02],
       [ 2.71052808e+00,  8.13158171e+00,  1.35526320e+01, ...,
         4.49972933e+03,  4.50514286e+03,  4.51055639e+03],
       [ 5.37705814e+00,  1.61311694e+01,  2.68852740e+01, ...,
         8.92641785e+03,  8.93715704e+03,  8.94789621e+03],
       ...,
       [-7.73314016e+00, -2.31994133e+01, -3.86656768e+01, ...,
        -1.28377337e+04, -1.28531785e+04, -1.28686233e+04],
       [-5.11837229e+00, -1.53551121e+01, -2.55918455e+01, ...,
        -8.49697521e+03, -8.50719775e+03, -8.51742026e+03],
       [-2.53080251e+00, -7.59240515e+00, -1.26540047e+01, ...,
        -4.20136812e+03, -4.20642270e+03, -4.21147727e+03]])

(azimuth, range)

float64

150.0 450.0 ... 2.493e+05 2.496e+05

array([[1.49991345e+02, 4.49973894e+02, 7.49956257e+02, ...,
        2.48999617e+05, 2.49299183e+05, 2.49598749e+05],
       [1.49966872e+02, 4.49900477e+02, 7.49833895e+02, ...,
        2.48958990e+05, 2.49258508e+05, 2.49558025e+05],
       [1.49894953e+02, 4.49684720e+02, 7.49474300e+02, ...,
        2.48839598e+05, 2.49138972e+05, 2.49438345e+05],
       ...,
       [1.49791883e+02, 4.49375510e+02, 7.48958951e+02, ...,
        2.48668492e+05, 2.48967660e+05, 2.49266828e+05],
       [1.49904009e+02, 4.49711888e+02, 7.49519581e+02, ...,
        2.48854632e+05, 2.49154024e+05, 2.49453415e+05],
       [1.49970013e+02, 4.49909899e+02, 7.49849599e+02, ...,
        2.48964204e+05, 2.49263728e+05, 2.49563251e+05]])

(azimuth, range)

float64

158.3 161.0 ... 6.023e+03 6.034e+03

array([[ 158.33317648,  160.97925805,  163.6253388 , ..., 6011.10372733,
        6022.64105533, 6034.17823147],
       [ 158.33317648,  160.97925805,  163.6253388 , ..., 6011.10372733,
        6022.64105533, 6034.17823147],
       [ 158.33317648,  160.97925805,  163.6253388 , ..., 6011.10372733,
        6022.64105533, 6034.17823147],
       ...,
       [ 158.33317648,  160.97925805,  163.6253388 , ..., 6011.10372733,
        6022.64105533, 6034.17823147],
       [ 158.33317648,  160.97925805,  163.6253388 , ..., 6011.10372733,
        6022.64105533, 6034.17823147],
       [ 158.33317648,  160.97925805,  163.6253388 , ..., 6011.10372733,
        6022.64105533, 6034.17823147]])

(azimuth, range)

float64

150.0 450.0 ... 2.493e+05 2.496e+05

array([[1.50033023e+02, 4.50015223e+02, 7.49997550e+02, ...,
        2.48999693e+05, 2.49299259e+05, 2.49598825e+05],
       [1.50040370e+02, 4.50022572e+02, 7.50004899e+02, ...,
        2.48999700e+05, 2.49299266e+05, 2.49598832e+05],
       [1.50047802e+02, 4.50030006e+02, 7.50012333e+02, ...,
        2.48999707e+05, 2.49299274e+05, 2.49598840e+05],
       ...,
       [1.50011134e+02, 4.49993331e+02, 7.49975657e+02, ...,
        2.48999671e+05, 2.49299237e+05, 2.49598803e+05],
       [1.50018473e+02, 4.50000671e+02, 7.49982997e+02, ...,
        2.48999678e+05, 2.49299244e+05, 2.49598810e+05],
       [1.50025723e+02, 4.50007922e+02, 7.49990249e+02, ...,
        2.48999685e+05, 2.49299252e+05, 2.49598817e+05]])

rays

(azimuth, range)

float64

0.03021 0.03021 ... 359.0 359.0

array([[3.02124023e-02, 3.02124023e-02, 3.02124023e-02, ...,
        3.02124023e-02, 3.02124023e-02, 3.02124023e-02],
       [1.03546143e+00, 1.03546143e+00, 1.03546143e+00, ...,
        1.03546143e+00, 1.03546143e+00, 1.03546143e+00],
       [2.05444336e+00, 2.05444336e+00, 2.05444336e+00, ...,
        2.05444336e+00, 2.05444336e+00, 2.05444336e+00],
       ...,
       [3.57044678e+02, 3.57044678e+02, 3.57044678e+02, ...,
        3.57044678e+02, 3.57044678e+02, 3.57044678e+02],
       [3.58044434e+02, 3.58044434e+02, 3.58044434e+02, ...,
        3.58044434e+02, 3.58044434e+02, 3.58044434e+02],
       [3.59033203e+02, 3.59033203e+02, 3.59033203e+02, ...,
        3.59033203e+02, 3.59033203e+02, 3.59033203e+02]])

bins

(azimuth, range)

float32

150.0 450.0 ... 2.494e+05 2.498e+05

array([[1.5000e+02, 4.5000e+02, 7.5000e+02, ..., 2.4915e+05, 2.4945e+05,
        2.4975e+05],
       [1.5000e+02, 4.5000e+02, 7.5000e+02, ..., 2.4915e+05, 2.4945e+05,
        2.4975e+05],
       [1.5000e+02, 4.5000e+02, 7.5000e+02, ..., 2.4915e+05, 2.4945e+05,
        2.4975e+05],
       ...,
       [1.5000e+02, 4.5000e+02, 7.5000e+02, ..., 2.4915e+05, 2.4945e+05,
        2.4975e+05],
       [1.5000e+02, 4.5000e+02, 7.5000e+02, ..., 2.4915e+05, 2.4945e+05,
        2.4975e+05],
       [1.5000e+02, 4.5000e+02, 7.5000e+02, ..., 2.4915e+05, 2.4945e+05,
        2.4975e+05]], dtype=float32)

Indexes: (2)

azimuth

PandasIndex

PandasIndex(Float64Index([  0.03021240234375,   1.03546142578125,     2.054443359375,
                3.05694580078125,   4.05120849609375,    5.0372314453125,
                6.02874755859375,    7.0477294921875,     8.074951171875,
                9.01153564453125,
              ...
               350.0518798828125, 351.02142333984375, 352.02117919921875,
              353.03192138671875, 354.07012939453125, 355.09185791015625,
                  356.0888671875,   357.044677734375,    358.04443359375,
                   359.033203125],
             dtype='float64', name='azimuth', length=359))

range

PandasIndex

PandasIndex(Float64Index([   150.0,    450.0,    750.0,   1050.0,   1350.0,   1650.0,
                1950.0,   2250.0,   2550.0,   2850.0,
              ...
              247050.0, 247350.0, 247650.0, 247950.0, 248250.0, 248550.0,
              248850.0, 249150.0, 249450.0, 249750.0],
             dtype='float64', name='range', length=833))

Attributes: (4)
standard_name :
radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h
units :
dBZ
long_name :
Equivalent reflectivity factor H
coordinates :
elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode

Create simple plot#

Using xarray features a simple plot can be created like this. Note the sortby('rtime') method, which sorts the radials by time.

[17]:

swp.DBZH.sortby("rtime").plot(x="range", y="rtime", add_labels=False)

[17]:

<matplotlib.collections.QuadMesh at 0x7f24292bef90>

../../_images/notebooks_fileio_wradlib_iris_backend_26_1.png

[18]:

fig = pl.figure(figsize=(5, 5))
pm = swp.DBZH.wradlib.plot_ppi(proj={"latmin": 3e3}, fig=fig)

../../_images/notebooks_fileio_wradlib_iris_backend_27_0.png

Mask some values#

[19]:

dbzh = swp["DBZH"].where(swp["DBZH"] >= 0)
dbzh.plot(x="x", y="y")

[19]:

<matplotlib.collections.QuadMesh at 0x7f241d763910>

../../_images/notebooks_fileio_wradlib_iris_backend_29_1.png

[20]:

vol[0]

[20]:

<xarray.Dataset>
Dimensions:            (azimuth: 359, range: 833)
Coordinates:
  * azimuth            (azimuth) float64 0.03021 1.035 2.054 ... 358.0 359.0
    elevation          (azimuth) float32 ...
    rtime              (azimuth) datetime64[ns] 2021-08-19T00:02:31.104000 .....
  * range              (range) float32 150.0 450.0 750.0 ... 2.494e+05 2.498e+05
    longitude          float64 ...
    latitude           float64 ...
    altitude           float64 ...
    sweep_mode         <U20 ...
    time               datetime64[ns] 2021-08-19T00:02:28.029000
Data variables: (12/15)
    DBTH               (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    DBZH               (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    VRADH              (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    WRADH              (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    ZDR                (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    KDP                (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    ...                 ...
    DB_HCLASS2         (azimuth, range) int16 ...
    SNRH               (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    sweep_number       int64 ...
    prt_mode           <U7 ...
    follow_mode        <U7 ...
    sweep_fixed_angle  float64 0.5
Attributes:
    fixed_angle:  0.5

xarray.Dataset

Dimensions:
- azimuth: 359
- range: 833
Coordinates: (9)
- azimuth
  (azimuth)
  float64
  0.03021 1.035 2.054 ... 358.0 359.0
  standard_name :
  ray_azimuth_angle
  long_name :
  azimuth_angle_from_true_north
  units :
  degrees
  axis :
  radial_azimuth_coordinate
```
array([3.021240e-02, 1.035461e+00, 2.054443e+00, ..., 3.570447e+02,
       3.580444e+02, 3.590332e+02])
```
- elevation
  (azimuth)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  ray_elevation_angle
  long_name :
  elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane
  units :
  degrees
  axis :
  radial_elevation_coordinate
```
[359 values with dtype=float32]
```
- rtime
  (azimuth)
  datetime64[ns]
  2021-08-19T00:02:31.104000 ... 2...
  standard_name :
  time
```
array(['2021-08-19T00:02:31.104000000', '2021-08-19T00:02:31.162000000',
       '2021-08-19T00:02:31.222000000', ..., '2021-08-19T00:02:30.929000000',
       '2021-08-19T00:02:30.988000000', '2021-08-19T00:02:31.046000000'],
      dtype='datetime64[ns]')
```
- range
  (range)
  float32
  150.0 450.0 ... 2.494e+05 2.498e+05
  units :
  meters
  standard_name :
  projection_range_coordinate
  long_name :
  range_to_measurement_volume
  axis :
  radial_range_coordinate
  meters_between_gates :
  15000.0
  spacing_is_constant :
  true
  meters_to_center_of_first_gate :
  0
```
array([1.5000e+02, 4.5000e+02, 7.5000e+02, ..., 2.4915e+05, 2.4945e+05,
       2.4975e+05], dtype=float32)
```
- longitude
  ()
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  longitude
  units :
  degrees_east
  standard_name :
  longitude
```
[1 values with dtype=float64]
```
- latitude
  ()
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  latitude
  units :
  degrees_north
  positive :
  up
  standard_name :
  latitude
```
[1 values with dtype=float64]
```
- altitude
  ()
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  altitude
  units :
  meters
  standard_name :
  altitude
```
[1 values with dtype=float64]
```
- sweep_mode
  ()
  <U20
  ...
```
[1 values with dtype=<U20]
```
- time
  ()
  datetime64[ns]
  2021-08-19T00:02:28.029000
```
array('2021-08-19T00:02:28.029000000', dtype='datetime64[ns]')
```
Data variables: (15)
- DBTH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h
  units :
  dBZ
  long_name :
  Total power H (uncorrected reflectivity)
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[299047 values with dtype=float32]
```
- DBZH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h
  units :
  dBZ
  long_name :
  Equivalent reflectivity factor H
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[299047 values with dtype=float32]
```
- VRADH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  radial_velocity_of_scatterers_away_from_instrument_h
  units :
  meters per seconds
  long_name :
  Radial velocity of scatterers away from instrument H
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[299047 values with dtype=float32]
```
- WRADH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  radar_doppler_spectrum_width_h
  units :
  meters per seconds
  long_name :
  Doppler spectrum width H
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[299047 values with dtype=float32]
```
- ZDR
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  radar_differential_reflectivity_hv
  units :
  dB
  long_name :
  Log differential reflectivity H/V
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[299047 values with dtype=float32]
```
- KDP
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  radar_specific_differential_phase_hv
  units :
  degrees per kilometer
  long_name :
  Specific differential phase HV
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[299047 values with dtype=float32]
```
- RHOHV
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  radar_correlation_coefficient_hv
  units :
  unitless
  long_name :
  Correlation coefficient HV
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[299047 values with dtype=float32]
```
- SQIH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  signal_quality_index_h
  units :
  unitless
  long_name :
  Signal Quality H
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[299047 values with dtype=float32]
```
- PHIDP
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  radar_differential_phase_hv
  units :
  degrees
  long_name :
  Differential phase HV
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[299047 values with dtype=float32]
```
- DB_HCLASS2
  (azimuth, range)
  int16
  ...
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[299047 values with dtype=int16]
```
- SNRH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  signal_noise_ratio_h
  units :
  unitless
  long_name :
  Signal Noise Ratio H
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[299047 values with dtype=float32]
```
- sweep_number
  ()
  int64
  ...
```
[1 values with dtype=int64]
```
- prt_mode
  ()
  <U7
  ...
```
[1 values with dtype=<U7]
```
- follow_mode
  ()
  <U7
  ...
```
[1 values with dtype=<U7]
```
- sweep_fixed_angle
  ()
  float64
  0.5
```
array(0.5)
```

Indexes: (2)

azimuth

PandasIndex

PandasIndex(Float64Index([  0.03021240234375,   1.03546142578125,     2.054443359375,
                3.05694580078125,   4.05120849609375,    5.0372314453125,
                6.02874755859375,    7.0477294921875,     8.074951171875,
                9.01153564453125,
              ...
               350.0518798828125, 351.02142333984375, 352.02117919921875,
              353.03192138671875, 354.07012939453125, 355.09185791015625,
                  356.0888671875,   357.044677734375,    358.04443359375,
                   359.033203125],
             dtype='float64', name='azimuth', length=359))

range

PandasIndex

PandasIndex(Float64Index([   150.0,    450.0,    750.0,   1050.0,   1350.0,   1650.0,
                1950.0,   2250.0,   2550.0,   2850.0,
              ...
              247050.0, 247350.0, 247650.0, 247950.0, 248250.0, 248550.0,
              248850.0, 249150.0, 249450.0, 249750.0],
             dtype='float64', name='range', length=833))

Attributes: (1)
fixed_angle :
0.5

Export to ODIM and CfRadial2#

Need to remove DB_XHDR since it can’t be represented as ODIM/CfRadial2 moment.

[21]:

vol[0] = vol[0].drop("DB_XHDR", errors="ignore")
vol[0].DBZH.sortby("rtime").plot(y="rtime")

[21]:

<matplotlib.collections.QuadMesh at 0x7f2428da8810>

../../_images/notebooks_fileio_wradlib_iris_backend_32_1.png

[22]:

vol.to_odim("iris_as_odim.h5")
vol.to_cfradial2("iris_as_cfradial2.nc")

Import again#

[23]:

vola = wrl.io.open_odim_dataset(
    "iris_as_odim.h5", reindex_angle=False, keep_elevation=True
)
display(vola.root)
display(vola[0])
vola[0].DBZH.sortby("rtime").plot(y="rtime")

<xarray.Dataset>
Dimensions:              (sweep: 1)
Dimensions without coordinates: sweep
Data variables:
    volume_number        int64 0
    platform_type        <U5 'fixed'
    instrument_type      <U5 'radar'
    primary_axis         <U6 'axis_z'
    time_coverage_start  <U20 '2021-08-19T00:02:28Z'
    time_coverage_end    <U20 '2021-08-19 00:02:50Z'
    latitude             float64 ...
    longitude            float64 ...
    altitude             float64 ...
    sweep_group_name     (sweep) <U7 'sweep_0'
    sweep_fixed_angle    (sweep) float64 0.5
Attributes:
    version:          None
    title:            None
    institution:      None
    references:       None
    source:           None
    history:          None
    comment:          im/exported using wradlib
    instrument_name:  None
    fixed_angle:      0.5

xarray.Dataset

Dimensions:
- sweep: 1
Coordinates: (0)
Data variables: (11)
- volume_number
  ()
  int64
  0
```
array(0)
```
- platform_type
  ()
  <U5
  'fixed'
```
array('fixed', dtype='<U5')
```
- instrument_type
  ()
  <U5
  'radar'
```
array('radar', dtype='<U5')
```
- primary_axis
  ()
  <U6
  'axis_z'
```
array('axis_z', dtype='<U6')
```
- time_coverage_start
  ()
  <U20
  '2021-08-19T00:02:28Z'
```
array('2021-08-19T00:02:28Z', dtype='<U20')
```
- time_coverage_end
  ()
  <U20
  '2021-08-19 00:02:50Z'
```
array('2021-08-19 00:02:50Z', dtype='<U20')
```
- latitude
  ()
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  latitude
  units :
  degrees_north
  positive :
  up
  standard_name :
  latitude
```
[1 values with dtype=float64]
```
- longitude
  ()
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  longitude
  units :
  degrees_east
  standard_name :
  longitude
```
[1 values with dtype=float64]
```
- altitude
  ()
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  altitude
  units :
  meters
  standard_name :
  altitude
```
[1 values with dtype=float64]
```
- sweep_group_name
  (sweep)
  <U7
  'sweep_0'
```
array(['sweep_0'], dtype='<U7')
```
- sweep_fixed_angle
  (sweep)
  float64
  0.5
```
array([0.5])
```
Indexes: (0)
Attributes: (9)
version :
None
title :
None
institution :
None
references :
None
source :
None
history :
None
comment :
im/exported using wradlib
instrument_name :
None
fixed_angle :
0.5

<xarray.Dataset>
Dimensions:            (azimuth: 359, range: 833)
Coordinates:
  * azimuth            (azimuth) float64 0.03021 1.035 2.054 ... 358.0 359.0
    elevation          (azimuth) float64 ...
    rtime              (azimuth) datetime64[ns] 2021-08-19T00:02:31.104000 .....
  * range              (range) float32 150.0 450.0 750.0 ... 2.494e+05 2.498e+05
    sweep_mode         <U20 ...
    longitude          float64 ...
    latitude           float64 ...
    altitude           float64 ...
    time               datetime64[ns] 2021-08-19T00:02:28.028999936
Data variables: (12/15)
    DBTH               (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    DB_HCLASS2         (azimuth, range) int16 ...
    SNRH               (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    DBZH               (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    VRADH              (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    WRADH              (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    ...                 ...
    SQIH               (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    PHIDP              (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    sweep_number       int64 ...
    prt_mode           <U7 ...
    follow_mode        <U7 ...
    sweep_fixed_angle  float64 0.5
Attributes:
    fixed_angle:  0.5

xarray.Dataset

Dimensions:
- azimuth: 359
- range: 833
Coordinates: (9)
- azimuth
  (azimuth)
  float64
  0.03021 1.035 2.054 ... 358.0 359.0
  standard_name :
  ray_azimuth_angle
  long_name :
  azimuth_angle_from_true_north
  units :
  degrees
  axis :
  radial_azimuth_coordinate
```
array([3.021240e-02, 1.035461e+00, 2.054443e+00, ..., 3.570447e+02,
       3.580444e+02, 3.590332e+02])
```
- elevation
  (azimuth)
  float64
  ...
  standard_name :
  ray_elevation_angle
  long_name :
  elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane
  units :
  degrees
  axis :
  radial_elevation_coordinate
```
[359 values with dtype=float64]
```
- rtime
  (azimuth)
  datetime64[ns]
  2021-08-19T00:02:31.104000 ... 2...
  standard_name :
  time
```
array(['2021-08-19T00:02:31.104000000', '2021-08-19T00:02:31.161999872',
       '2021-08-19T00:02:31.222000128', ..., '2021-08-19T00:02:30.928999936',
       '2021-08-19T00:02:30.988000000', '2021-08-19T00:02:31.046000128'],
      dtype='datetime64[ns]')
```
- range
  (range)
  float32
  150.0 450.0 ... 2.494e+05 2.498e+05
  units :
  meters
  standard_name :
  projection_range_coordinate
  long_name :
  range_to_measurement_volume
  axis :
  radial_range_coordinate
  meters_between_gates :
  300.0
  spacing_is_constant :
  true
  meters_to_center_of_first_gate :
  150.0
```
array([1.5000e+02, 4.5000e+02, 7.5000e+02, ..., 2.4915e+05, 2.4945e+05,
       2.4975e+05], dtype=float32)
```
- sweep_mode
  ()
  <U20
  ...
```
[1 values with dtype=<U20]
```
- longitude
  ()
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  longitude
  units :
  degrees_east
  standard_name :
  longitude
```
[1 values with dtype=float64]
```
- latitude
  ()
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  latitude
  units :
  degrees_north
  positive :
  up
  standard_name :
  latitude
```
[1 values with dtype=float64]
```
- altitude
  ()
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  altitude
  units :
  meters
  standard_name :
  altitude
```
[1 values with dtype=float64]
```
- time
  ()
  datetime64[ns]
  2021-08-19T00:02:28.028999936
```
array('2021-08-19T00:02:28.028999936', dtype='datetime64[ns]')
```
Data variables: (15)
- DBTH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h
  units :
  dBZ
  long_name :
  Total power H (uncorrected reflectivity)
```
[299047 values with dtype=float32]
```
- DB_HCLASS2
  (azimuth, range)
  int16
  ...
```
[299047 values with dtype=int16]
```
- SNRH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  signal_noise_ratio_h
  units :
  unitless
  long_name :
  Signal Noise Ratio H
```
[299047 values with dtype=float32]
```
- DBZH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h
  units :
  dBZ
  long_name :
  Equivalent reflectivity factor H
```
[299047 values with dtype=float32]
```
- VRADH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  radial_velocity_of_scatterers_away_from_instrument_h
  units :
  meters per seconds
  long_name :
  Radial velocity of scatterers away from instrument H
```
[299047 values with dtype=float32]
```
- WRADH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  radar_doppler_spectrum_width_h
  units :
  meters per seconds
  long_name :
  Doppler spectrum width H
```
[299047 values with dtype=float32]
```
- ZDR
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  radar_differential_reflectivity_hv
  units :
  dB
  long_name :
  Log differential reflectivity H/V
```
[299047 values with dtype=float32]
```
- KDP
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  radar_specific_differential_phase_hv
  units :
  degrees per kilometer
  long_name :
  Specific differential phase HV
```
[299047 values with dtype=float32]
```
- RHOHV
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  radar_correlation_coefficient_hv
  units :
  unitless
  long_name :
  Correlation coefficient HV
```
[299047 values with dtype=float32]
```
- SQIH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  signal_quality_index_h
  units :
  unitless
  long_name :
  Signal Quality H
```
[299047 values with dtype=float32]
```
- PHIDP
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  radar_differential_phase_hv
  units :
  degrees
  long_name :
  Differential phase HV
```
[299047 values with dtype=float32]
```
- sweep_number
  ()
  int64
  ...
```
[1 values with dtype=int64]
```
- prt_mode
  ()
  <U7
  ...
```
[1 values with dtype=<U7]
```
- follow_mode
  ()
  <U7
  ...
```
[1 values with dtype=<U7]
```
- sweep_fixed_angle
  ()
  float64
  0.5
```
array(0.5)
```

Indexes: (2)

azimuth

PandasIndex

PandasIndex(Float64Index([  0.03021240234375,   1.03546142578125,     2.054443359375,
                3.05694580078125,   4.05120849609375,    5.0372314453125,
                6.02874755859375,    7.0477294921875,     8.074951171875,
                9.01153564453125,
              ...
               350.0518798828125, 351.02142333984375, 352.02117919921875,
              353.03192138671875, 354.07012939453125, 355.09185791015625,
                  356.0888671875,   357.044677734375,    358.04443359375,
                   359.033203125],
             dtype='float64', name='azimuth', length=359))

range

PandasIndex

PandasIndex(Float64Index([   150.0,    450.0,    750.0,   1050.0,   1350.0,   1650.0,
                1950.0,   2250.0,   2550.0,   2850.0,
              ...
              247050.0, 247350.0, 247650.0, 247950.0, 248250.0, 248550.0,
              248850.0, 249150.0, 249450.0, 249750.0],
             dtype='float64', name='range', length=833))

Attributes: (1)
fixed_angle :
0.5

[23]:

<matplotlib.collections.QuadMesh at 0x7f241d40f1d0>

../../_images/notebooks_fileio_wradlib_iris_backend_35_3.png

[24]:

volb = wrl.io.open_cfradial2_dataset("iris_as_cfradial2.nc")
display(volb.root)
display(volb[0])
volb[0].DBZH.sortby("rtime").plot(y="rtime")

<xarray.Dataset>
Dimensions:              (sweep: 1)
Dimensions without coordinates: sweep
Data variables:
    volume_number        int64 0
    platform_type        <U5 'fixed'
    instrument_type      <U5 'radar'
    primary_axis         <U6 'axis_z'
    time_coverage_start  <U20 '2021-08-19T00:02:28Z'
    time_coverage_end    <U20 '2021-08-19 00:02:50Z'
    latitude             float64 ...
    longitude            float64 ...
    altitude             float64 ...
    sweep_group_name     (sweep) <U7 'sweep_0'
    sweep_fixed_angle    (sweep) float64 0.5
Attributes:
    version:          None
    title:            None
    institution:      None
    references:       None
    source:           None
    history:          None
    comment:          im/exported using wradlib
    instrument_name:  None
    fixed_angle:      0.5

xarray.Dataset

Dimensions:
- sweep: 1
Coordinates: (0)
Data variables: (11)
- volume_number
  ()
  int64
  0
```
array(0)
```
- platform_type
  ()
  <U5
  'fixed'
```
array('fixed', dtype='<U5')
```
- instrument_type
  ()
  <U5
  'radar'
```
array('radar', dtype='<U5')
```
- primary_axis
  ()
  <U6
  'axis_z'
```
array('axis_z', dtype='<U6')
```
- time_coverage_start
  ()
  <U20
  '2021-08-19T00:02:28Z'
```
array('2021-08-19T00:02:28Z', dtype='<U20')
```
- time_coverage_end
  ()
  <U20
  '2021-08-19 00:02:50Z'
```
array('2021-08-19 00:02:50Z', dtype='<U20')
```
- latitude
  ()
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  latitude
  units :
  degrees_north
  positive :
  up
  standard_name :
  latitude
```
[1 values with dtype=float64]
```
- longitude
  ()
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  longitude
  units :
  degrees_east
  standard_name :
  longitude
```
[1 values with dtype=float64]
```
- altitude
  ()
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  altitude
  units :
  meters
  standard_name :
  altitude
```
[1 values with dtype=float64]
```
- sweep_group_name
  (sweep)
  <U7
  'sweep_0'
```
array(['sweep_0'], dtype='<U7')
```
- sweep_fixed_angle
  (sweep)
  float64
  0.5
```
array([0.5])
```
Indexes: (0)
Attributes: (9)
version :
None
title :
None
institution :
None
references :
None
source :
None
history :
None
comment :
im/exported using wradlib
instrument_name :
None
fixed_angle :
0.5

<xarray.Dataset>
Dimensions:            (azimuth: 359, range: 833)
Coordinates:
  * azimuth            (azimuth) float64 0.03021 1.035 2.054 ... 358.0 359.0
    elevation          (azimuth) float32 ...
    rtime              (azimuth) datetime64[ns] 2021-08-19T00:02:31.104000 .....
  * range              (range) float32 150.0 450.0 750.0 ... 2.494e+05 2.498e+05
    longitude          float64 ...
    latitude           float64 ...
    altitude           float64 ...
    sweep_mode         <U20 ...
    time               datetime64[ns] 2021-08-19T00:02:28.029000
Data variables: (12/15)
    DBTH               (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    DBZH               (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    VRADH              (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    WRADH              (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    ZDR                (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    KDP                (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    ...                 ...
    DB_HCLASS2         (azimuth, range) int16 ...
    SNRH               (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    sweep_number       int64 ...
    prt_mode           object ...
    follow_mode        object ...
    sweep_fixed_angle  float64 0.5
Attributes:
    fixed_angle:  0.5

xarray.Dataset

Dimensions:
- azimuth: 359
- range: 833
Coordinates: (9)
- azimuth
  (azimuth)
  float64
  0.03021 1.035 2.054 ... 358.0 359.0
  standard_name :
  ray_azimuth_angle
  long_name :
  azimuth_angle_from_true_north
  units :
  degrees
  axis :
  radial_azimuth_coordinate
```
array([3.021240e-02, 1.035461e+00, 2.054443e+00, ..., 3.570447e+02,
       3.580444e+02, 3.590332e+02])
```
- elevation
  (azimuth)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  ray_elevation_angle
  long_name :
  elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane
  units :
  degrees
  axis :
  radial_elevation_coordinate
```
[359 values with dtype=float32]
```
- rtime
  (azimuth)
  datetime64[ns]
  2021-08-19T00:02:31.104000 ... 2...
  standard_name :
  time
```
array(['2021-08-19T00:02:31.104000000', '2021-08-19T00:02:31.162000000',
       '2021-08-19T00:02:31.222000000', ..., '2021-08-19T00:02:30.929000000',
       '2021-08-19T00:02:30.988000000', '2021-08-19T00:02:31.046000000'],
      dtype='datetime64[ns]')
```
- range
  (range)
  float32
  150.0 450.0 ... 2.494e+05 2.498e+05
  units :
  meters
  standard_name :
  projection_range_coordinate
  long_name :
  range_to_measurement_volume
  axis :
  radial_range_coordinate
  meters_between_gates :
  15000.0
  spacing_is_constant :
  true
  meters_to_center_of_first_gate :
  0
```
array([1.5000e+02, 4.5000e+02, 7.5000e+02, ..., 2.4915e+05, 2.4945e+05,
       2.4975e+05], dtype=float32)
```
- longitude
  ()
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  longitude
  units :
  degrees_east
  standard_name :
  longitude
```
[1 values with dtype=float64]
```
- latitude
  ()
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  latitude
  units :
  degrees_north
  positive :
  up
  standard_name :
  latitude
```
[1 values with dtype=float64]
```
- altitude
  ()
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  altitude
  units :
  meters
  standard_name :
  altitude
```
[1 values with dtype=float64]
```
- sweep_mode
  ()
  <U20
  ...
```
[1 values with dtype=<U20]
```
- time
  ()
  datetime64[ns]
  2021-08-19T00:02:28.029000
```
array('2021-08-19T00:02:28.029000000', dtype='datetime64[ns]')
```
Data variables: (15)
- DBTH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h
  units :
  dBZ
  long_name :
  Total power H (uncorrected reflectivity)
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[299047 values with dtype=float32]
```
- DBZH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h
  units :
  dBZ
  long_name :
  Equivalent reflectivity factor H
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[299047 values with dtype=float32]
```
- VRADH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  radial_velocity_of_scatterers_away_from_instrument_h
  units :
  meters per seconds
  long_name :
  Radial velocity of scatterers away from instrument H
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[299047 values with dtype=float32]
```
- WRADH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  radar_doppler_spectrum_width_h
  units :
  meters per seconds
  long_name :
  Doppler spectrum width H
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[299047 values with dtype=float32]
```
- ZDR
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  radar_differential_reflectivity_hv
  units :
  dB
  long_name :
  Log differential reflectivity H/V
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[299047 values with dtype=float32]
```
- KDP
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  radar_specific_differential_phase_hv
  units :
  degrees per kilometer
  long_name :
  Specific differential phase HV
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[299047 values with dtype=float32]
```
- RHOHV
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  radar_correlation_coefficient_hv
  units :
  unitless
  long_name :
  Correlation coefficient HV
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[299047 values with dtype=float32]
```
- SQIH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  signal_quality_index_h
  units :
  unitless
  long_name :
  Signal Quality H
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[299047 values with dtype=float32]
```
- PHIDP
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  radar_differential_phase_hv
  units :
  degrees
  long_name :
  Differential phase HV
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[299047 values with dtype=float32]
```
- DB_HCLASS2
  (azimuth, range)
  int16
  ...
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[299047 values with dtype=int16]
```
- SNRH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  signal_noise_ratio_h
  units :
  unitless
  long_name :
  Signal Noise Ratio H
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[299047 values with dtype=float32]
```
- sweep_number
  ()
  int64
  ...
```
[1 values with dtype=int64]
```
- prt_mode
  ()
  object
  ...
```
[1 values with dtype=object]
```
- follow_mode
  ()
  object
  ...
```
[1 values with dtype=object]
```
- sweep_fixed_angle
  ()
  float64
  0.5
```
array(0.5)
```

Indexes: (2)

azimuth

PandasIndex

PandasIndex(Float64Index([  0.03021240234375,   1.03546142578125,     2.054443359375,
                3.05694580078125,   4.05120849609375,    5.0372314453125,
                6.02874755859375,    7.0477294921875,     8.074951171875,
                9.01153564453125,
              ...
               350.0518798828125, 351.02142333984375, 352.02117919921875,
              353.03192138671875, 354.07012939453125, 355.09185791015625,
                  356.0888671875,   357.044677734375,    358.04443359375,
                   359.033203125],
             dtype='float64', name='azimuth', length=359))

range

PandasIndex

PandasIndex(Float64Index([   150.0,    450.0,    750.0,   1050.0,   1350.0,   1650.0,
                1950.0,   2250.0,   2550.0,   2850.0,
              ...
              247050.0, 247350.0, 247650.0, 247950.0, 248250.0, 248550.0,
              248850.0, 249150.0, 249450.0, 249750.0],
             dtype='float64', name='range', length=833))

Attributes: (1)
fixed_angle :
0.5

[24]:

<matplotlib.collections.QuadMesh at 0x7f241d2422d0>

../../_images/notebooks_fileio_wradlib_iris_backend_36_3.png

Check equality#

We have to drop the time variable when checking equality since IRIS has millisecond resolution.

[25]:

xr.testing.assert_allclose(vol.root, vola.root)
xr.testing.assert_allclose(
    vol[0].drop(["rtime", "time"]), vola[0].drop(["rtime", "time"])
)
xr.testing.assert_allclose(vol.root, volb.root)
xr.testing.assert_allclose(vol[0], volb[0])
xr.testing.assert_allclose(vola.root, volb.root)
xr.testing.assert_allclose(
    vola[0].drop(["rtime", "time"]), volb[0].drop(["rtime", "time"])
)

More Iris loading mechanisms#

Use `xr.open_dataset` to retrieve explicit group#

Warning

Since \(\omega radlib\) version 1.18 the xarray backend engines for polar radar data have been renamed and prepended with wradlib- (eg. iris -> wradlib-iris). This was necessary to avoid clashes with the new xradar-package, which will eventually replace the wradlib engines. Users have to make sure to check which engine to use for their use-case when using xarray.open_dataset. Users might install and test xradar, and check if it is already robust enough for their use-cases (by using xradar’s engine="iris".

Since \(\omega radlib\) version 1.19 the xarray backend engines for polar radar data have been deprecated. The functionality is kept until wradlib version 2.0, when the backend-code will be removed completely. wradlib is importing that functionality from xradar-package whenever and wherever necessary.

Below we use a compatibility layer in wradlib to give users the chance to adapt their code. The first minimal change is that for every backend the group-layout is conforming to the CfRadial-standard naming scheme (sweep_0, sweep_1, etc.).

Below you can inspect the main differences of the wradlib compatibility layer and the plain xradar implementation.

use wradlib compatibility layer#

[26]:

swp_a = xr.open_dataset(
    f, engine="wradlib-iris", group="sweep_0", backend_kwargs=dict(reindex_angle=False)
)
display(swp_a)

<xarray.Dataset>
Dimensions:            (azimuth: 359, range: 833)
Coordinates:
  * azimuth            (azimuth) float64 0.03021 1.035 2.054 ... 358.0 359.0
    elevation          (azimuth) float32 ...
    rtime              (azimuth) datetime64[ns] ...
  * range              (range) float32 150.0 450.0 750.0 ... 2.494e+05 2.498e+05
    longitude          float64 ...
    latitude           float64 ...
    altitude           float64 ...
    sweep_mode         <U20 ...
    time               datetime64[ns] ...
Data variables: (12/15)
    DBTH               (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    DBZH               (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    VRADH              (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    WRADH              (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    ZDR                (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    KDP                (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    ...                 ...
    DB_HCLASS2         (azimuth, range) int16 ...
    SNRH               (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    sweep_number       int64 ...
    prt_mode           <U7 ...
    follow_mode        <U7 ...
    sweep_fixed_angle  float64 ...
Attributes:
    fixed_angle:  0.5

xarray.Dataset

Dimensions:
- azimuth: 359
- range: 833
Coordinates: (9)
- azimuth
  (azimuth)
  float64
  0.03021 1.035 2.054 ... 358.0 359.0
  standard_name :
  ray_azimuth_angle
  long_name :
  azimuth_angle_from_true_north
  units :
  degrees
  axis :
  radial_azimuth_coordinate
```
array([3.021240e-02, 1.035461e+00, 2.054443e+00, ..., 3.570447e+02,
       3.580444e+02, 3.590332e+02])
```
- elevation
  (azimuth)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  ray_elevation_angle
  long_name :
  elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane
  units :
  degrees
  axis :
  radial_elevation_coordinate
```
[359 values with dtype=float32]
```
- rtime
  (azimuth)
  datetime64[ns]
  ...
  standard_name :
  time
```
[359 values with dtype=datetime64[ns]]
```
- range
  (range)
  float32
  150.0 450.0 ... 2.494e+05 2.498e+05
  units :
  meters
  standard_name :
  projection_range_coordinate
  long_name :
  range_to_measurement_volume
  axis :
  radial_range_coordinate
  meters_between_gates :
  15000.0
  spacing_is_constant :
  true
  meters_to_center_of_first_gate :
  0
```
array([1.5000e+02, 4.5000e+02, 7.5000e+02, ..., 2.4915e+05, 2.4945e+05,
       2.4975e+05], dtype=float32)
```
- longitude
  ()
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  longitude
  units :
  degrees_east
  standard_name :
  longitude
```
[1 values with dtype=float64]
```
- latitude
  ()
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  latitude
  units :
  degrees_north
  positive :
  up
  standard_name :
  latitude
```
[1 values with dtype=float64]
```
- altitude
  ()
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  altitude
  units :
  meters
  standard_name :
  altitude
```
[1 values with dtype=float64]
```
- sweep_mode
  ()
  <U20
  ...
```
[1 values with dtype=<U20]
```
- time
  ()
  datetime64[ns]
  ...
```
[1 values with dtype=datetime64[ns]]
```
Data variables: (15)
- DBTH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h
  units :
  dBZ
  long_name :
  Total power H (uncorrected reflectivity)
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[299047 values with dtype=float32]
```
- DBZH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h
  units :
  dBZ
  long_name :
  Equivalent reflectivity factor H
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[299047 values with dtype=float32]
```
- VRADH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  radial_velocity_of_scatterers_away_from_instrument_h
  units :
  meters per seconds
  long_name :
  Radial velocity of scatterers away from instrument H
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[299047 values with dtype=float32]
```
- WRADH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  radar_doppler_spectrum_width_h
  units :
  meters per seconds
  long_name :
  Doppler spectrum width H
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[299047 values with dtype=float32]
```
- ZDR
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  radar_differential_reflectivity_hv
  units :
  dB
  long_name :
  Log differential reflectivity H/V
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[299047 values with dtype=float32]
```
- KDP
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  radar_specific_differential_phase_hv
  units :
  degrees per kilometer
  long_name :
  Specific differential phase HV
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[299047 values with dtype=float32]
```
- RHOHV
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  radar_correlation_coefficient_hv
  units :
  unitless
  long_name :
  Correlation coefficient HV
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[299047 values with dtype=float32]
```
- SQIH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  signal_quality_index_h
  units :
  unitless
  long_name :
  Signal Quality H
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[299047 values with dtype=float32]
```
- PHIDP
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  radar_differential_phase_hv
  units :
  degrees
  long_name :
  Differential phase HV
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[299047 values with dtype=float32]
```
- DB_HCLASS2
  (azimuth, range)
  int16
  ...
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[299047 values with dtype=int16]
```
- SNRH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  signal_noise_ratio_h
  units :
  unitless
  long_name :
  Signal Noise Ratio H
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[299047 values with dtype=float32]
```
- sweep_number
  ()
  int64
  ...
```
[1 values with dtype=int64]
```
- prt_mode
  ()
  <U7
  ...
```
[1 values with dtype=<U7]
```
- follow_mode
  ()
  <U7
  ...
```
[1 values with dtype=<U7]
```
- sweep_fixed_angle
  ()
  float64
  ...
```
[1 values with dtype=float64]
```

Indexes: (2)

azimuth

PandasIndex

PandasIndex(Float64Index([  0.03021240234375,   1.03546142578125,     2.054443359375,
                3.05694580078125,   4.05120849609375,    5.0372314453125,
                6.02874755859375,    7.0477294921875,     8.074951171875,
                9.01153564453125,
              ...
               350.0518798828125, 351.02142333984375, 352.02117919921875,
              353.03192138671875, 354.07012939453125, 355.09185791015625,
                  356.0888671875,   357.044677734375,    358.04443359375,
                   359.033203125],
             dtype='float64', name='azimuth', length=359))

range

PandasIndex

PandasIndex(Float64Index([   150.0,    450.0,    750.0,   1050.0,   1350.0,   1650.0,
                1950.0,   2250.0,   2550.0,   2850.0,
              ...
              247050.0, 247350.0, 247650.0, 247950.0, 248250.0, 248550.0,
              248850.0, 249150.0, 249450.0, 249750.0],
             dtype='float64', name='range', length=833))

Attributes: (1)
fixed_angle :
0.5

use xradar backend#

[27]:

swp_b = xr.open_dataset(
    f, engine="iris", group="sweep_0", backend_kwargs=dict(reindex_angle=False)
)
display(swp_b)

<xarray.Dataset>
Dimensions:            (azimuth: 359, range: 833)
Coordinates:
  * azimuth            (azimuth) float64 0.03021 1.035 2.054 ... 358.0 359.0
    elevation          (azimuth) float32 ...
    time               (azimuth) datetime64[ns] ...
  * range              (range) float32 150.0 450.0 750.0 ... 2.494e+05 2.498e+05
    longitude          float64 ...
    latitude           float64 ...
    altitude           float64 ...
Data variables: (12/16)
    DBTH               (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    DBZH               (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    VRADH              (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    WRADH              (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    ZDR                (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    KDP                (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    ...                 ...
    SNRH               (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    sweep_mode         <U20 ...
    sweep_number       int64 ...
    prt_mode           <U7 ...
    follow_mode        <U7 ...
    sweep_fixed_angle  float64 ...

xarray.Dataset

Dimensions:
- azimuth: 359
- range: 833
Coordinates: (7)
- azimuth
  (azimuth)
  float64
  0.03021 1.035 2.054 ... 358.0 359.0
  standard_name :
  ray_azimuth_angle
  long_name :
  azimuth_angle_from_true_north
  units :
  degrees
  axis :
  radial_azimuth_coordinate
```
array([3.021240e-02, 1.035461e+00, 2.054443e+00, ..., 3.570447e+02,
       3.580444e+02, 3.590332e+02])
```
- elevation
  (azimuth)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  ray_elevation_angle
  long_name :
  elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane
  units :
  degrees
  axis :
  radial_elevation_coordinate
```
[359 values with dtype=float32]
```
- time
  (azimuth)
  datetime64[ns]
  ...
  standard_name :
  time
```
[359 values with dtype=datetime64[ns]]
```
- range
  (range)
  float32
  150.0 450.0 ... 2.494e+05 2.498e+05
  units :
  meters
  standard_name :
  projection_range_coordinate
  long_name :
  range_to_measurement_volume
  axis :
  radial_range_coordinate
  meters_between_gates :
  15000.0
  spacing_is_constant :
  true
  meters_to_center_of_first_gate :
  0
```
array([1.5000e+02, 4.5000e+02, 7.5000e+02, ..., 2.4915e+05, 2.4945e+05,
       2.4975e+05], dtype=float32)
```
- longitude
  ()
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  longitude
  units :
  degrees_east
  standard_name :
  longitude
```
[1 values with dtype=float64]
```
- latitude
  ()
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  latitude
  units :
  degrees_north
  positive :
  up
  standard_name :
  latitude
```
[1 values with dtype=float64]
```
- altitude
  ()
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  altitude
  units :
  meters
  standard_name :
  altitude
```
[1 values with dtype=float64]
```
Data variables: (16)
- DBTH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h
  units :
  dBZ
  long_name :
  Total power H (uncorrected reflectivity)
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[299047 values with dtype=float32]
```
- DBZH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h
  units :
  dBZ
  long_name :
  Equivalent reflectivity factor H
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[299047 values with dtype=float32]
```
- VRADH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  radial_velocity_of_scatterers_away_from_instrument_h
  units :
  meters per seconds
  long_name :
  Radial velocity of scatterers away from instrument H
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[299047 values with dtype=float32]
```
- WRADH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  radar_doppler_spectrum_width_h
  units :
  meters per seconds
  long_name :
  Doppler spectrum width H
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[299047 values with dtype=float32]
```
- ZDR
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  radar_differential_reflectivity_hv
  units :
  dB
  long_name :
  Log differential reflectivity H/V
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[299047 values with dtype=float32]
```
- KDP
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  radar_specific_differential_phase_hv
  units :
  degrees per kilometer
  long_name :
  Specific differential phase HV
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[299047 values with dtype=float32]
```
- RHOHV
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  radar_correlation_coefficient_hv
  units :
  unitless
  long_name :
  Correlation coefficient HV
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[299047 values with dtype=float32]
```
- SQIH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  signal_quality_index_h
  units :
  unitless
  long_name :
  Signal Quality H
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[299047 values with dtype=float32]
```
- PHIDP
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  radar_differential_phase_hv
  units :
  degrees
  long_name :
  Differential phase HV
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[299047 values with dtype=float32]
```
- DB_HCLASS2
  (azimuth, range)
  int16
  ...
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[299047 values with dtype=int16]
```
- SNRH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  signal_noise_ratio_h
  units :
  unitless
  long_name :
  Signal Noise Ratio H
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[299047 values with dtype=float32]
```
- sweep_mode
  ()
  <U20
  ...
```
[1 values with dtype=<U20]
```
- sweep_number
  ()
  int64
  ...
```
[1 values with dtype=int64]
```
- prt_mode
  ()
  <U7
  ...
```
[1 values with dtype=<U7]
```
- follow_mode
  ()
  <U7
  ...
```
[1 values with dtype=<U7]
```
- sweep_fixed_angle
  ()
  float64
  ...
```
[1 values with dtype=float64]
```

Indexes: (2)

azimuth

PandasIndex

PandasIndex(Float64Index([  0.03021240234375,   1.03546142578125,     2.054443359375,
                3.05694580078125,   4.05120849609375,    5.0372314453125,
                6.02874755859375,    7.0477294921875,     8.074951171875,
                9.01153564453125,
              ...
               350.0518798828125, 351.02142333984375, 352.02117919921875,
              353.03192138671875, 354.07012939453125, 355.09185791015625,
                  356.0888671875,   357.044677734375,    358.04443359375,
                   359.033203125],
             dtype='float64', name='azimuth', length=359))

range

PandasIndex

PandasIndex(Float64Index([   150.0,    450.0,    750.0,   1050.0,   1350.0,   1650.0,
                1950.0,   2250.0,   2550.0,   2850.0,
              ...
              247050.0, 247350.0, 247650.0, 247950.0, 248250.0, 248550.0,
              248850.0, 249150.0, 249450.0, 249750.0],
             dtype='float64', name='range', length=833))

Attributes: (0)

xarray IRIS backend

Contents

xarray IRIS backend#

Load IRIS Volume Data#

Inspect RadarVolume#

Inspect root group#

Inspect sweep group(s)#

Goereferencing#

Plotting#

Inspect radar moments#

Create simple plot#

Mask some values#

Export to ODIM and CfRadial2#

Import again#

Check equality#

More Iris loading mechanisms#

Use xr.open_dataset to retrieve explicit group#

use wradlib compatibility layer#

use xradar backend#

Use `xr.open_dataset` to retrieve explicit group#