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xarray furuno backend
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xarray furuno backend¶

In this example, we read scn/scnx (furuno) data files using the wradlib furuno xarray backend.

Furuno Weather Radars generate binary files. The binary version depend on the radar type. This reader is able to consume SCN (format version 3) and SCNX (format version 10) files.

Uncompressed files are read via numpy.memmap with lazy-loading mechanism. Gzip compressed files are are opened, read into memory and processed using numpy.frombuffer.

Radar moments are read as packed data with 16-bit resolution and output as 32bit-floating point data.

[1]:

import glob
import gzip
import io
import wradlib as wrl
import warnings

warnings.filterwarnings("ignore")
import matplotlib.pyplot as pl
import numpy as np
import xarray as xr

try:
    get_ipython().magic("matplotlib inline")
except:
    pl.ion()

Load furuno scn Data¶

Data provided by University of Graz, Austria.

[2]:

fpath = "furuno/0080_20210730_160000_01_02.scn.gz"
f = wrl.util.get_wradlib_data_file(fpath)
vol = wrl.io.open_furuno_dataset(f, reindex_angle=False)

Inspect RadarVolume¶

[3]:

display(vol)

<wradlib.RadarVolume>
Dimension(s): (sweep: 1)
Elevation(s): (7.8)

Inspect root group¶

The sweep dimension contains the number of scans in this radar volume. Further the dataset consists of variables (location coordinates, time_coverage) and attributes (Conventions, metadata).

[4]:

vol.root

[4]:

<xarray.Dataset>
Dimensions:              (sweep: 1)
Coordinates:
    time                 datetime64[ns] 2021-07-30T16:00:00
    longitude            float64 15.45
    altitude             float64 407.9
    sweep_mode           <U20 'azimuth_surveillance'
    latitude             float64 47.08
Dimensions without coordinates: sweep
Data variables:
    volume_number        int64 0
    platform_type        <U5 'fixed'
    instrument_type      <U5 'radar'
    primary_axis         <U6 'axis_z'
    time_coverage_start  <U20 '2021-07-30T16:00:00Z'
    time_coverage_end    <U20 '2021-07-30T16:00:14Z'
    sweep_group_name     (sweep) <U7 'sweep_0'
    sweep_fixed_angle    (sweep) float64 7.8
Attributes:
    version:          None
    title:            None
    institution:      None
    references:       None
    source:           None
    history:          None
    comment:          im/exported using wradlib
    instrument_name:  None
    fixed_angle:      7.8

xarray.Dataset

Dimensions:
- sweep: 1
Coordinates: (5)
- time
  ()
  datetime64[ns]
  2021-07-30T16:00:00
  standard_name :
  time
```
array('2021-07-30T16:00:00.000000000', dtype='datetime64[ns]')
```
- longitude
  ()
  float64
  15.45
  long_name :
  longitude
  units :
  degrees_east
  standard_name :
  longitude
```
array(15.44729)
```
- altitude
  ()
  float64
  407.9
  long_name :
  altitude
  units :
  meters
  standard_name :
  altitude
```
array(407.9)
```
- sweep_mode
  ()
  <U20
  'azimuth_surveillance'
```
array('azimuth_surveillance', dtype='<U20')
```
- latitude
  ()
  float64
  47.08
  long_name :
  latitude
  units :
  degrees_north
  positive :
  up
  standard_name :
  latitude
```
array(47.07734)
```
Data variables: (8)
- volume_number
  ()
  int64
  0
```
array(0)
```
- platform_type
  ()
  <U5
  'fixed'
```
array('fixed', dtype='<U5')
```
- instrument_type
  ()
  <U5
  'radar'
```
array('radar', dtype='<U5')
```
- primary_axis
  ()
  <U6
  'axis_z'
```
array('axis_z', dtype='<U6')
```
- time_coverage_start
  ()
  <U20
  '2021-07-30T16:00:00Z'
```
array('2021-07-30T16:00:00Z', dtype='<U20')
```
- time_coverage_end
  ()
  <U20
  '2021-07-30T16:00:14Z'
```
array('2021-07-30T16:00:14Z', dtype='<U20')
```
- sweep_group_name
  (sweep)
  <U7
  'sweep_0'
```
array(['sweep_0'], dtype='<U7')
```
- sweep_fixed_angle
  (sweep)
  float64
  7.8
```
array([7.8])
```
Attributes: (9)
version :
None
title :
None
institution :
None
references :
None
source :
None
history :
None
comment :
im/exported using wradlib
instrument_name :
None
fixed_angle :
7.8

Inspect sweep group(s)¶

The sweep-groups can be accessed via their respective keys. The dimensions consist of range and time with added coordinates azimuth, elevation, range and time. There will be variables like radar moments (DBZH etc.) and sweep-dependend metadata (like fixed_angle, sweep_mode etc.).

[5]:

display(vol[0])

<xarray.Dataset>
Dimensions:     (azimuth: 1376, range: 602)
Coordinates:
  * azimuth     (azimuth) float32 0.21 0.47 0.74 1.0 ... 359.2 359.4 359.7 359.9
    elevation   (azimuth) float32 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8 ... 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8
  * range       (range) float32 25.0 75.0 125.0 ... 3.002e+04 3.008e+04
    time        datetime64[ns] 2021-07-30T16:00:00
    rtime       (azimuth) datetime64[ns] 2021-07-30T16:00:06.277723500 ... 20...
    longitude   float64 15.45
    latitude    float64 47.08
    altitude    float64 407.9
    sweep_mode  <U20 'azimuth_surveillance'
Data variables:
    RATE        (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    DBZH        (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    VRADH       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    ZDR         (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    KDP         (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    PHIDP       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    RHOHV       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    WRADH       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    QUAL        (azimuth, range) uint16 ...
Attributes:
    fixed_angle:  7.8

xarray.Dataset

Dimensions:
- azimuth: 1376
- range: 602
Coordinates: (9)
- azimuth
  (azimuth)
  float32
  0.21 0.47 0.74 ... 359.7 359.9
  standard_name :
  ray_azimuth_angle
  long_name :
  azimuth_angle_from_true_north
  units :
  degrees
  axis :
  radial_azimuth_coordinate
  a1gate :
  796
  angle_res :
  0.26
```
array([2.1000e-01, 4.7000e-01, 7.4000e-01, ..., 3.5942e+02, 3.5968e+02,
       3.5994e+02], dtype=float32)
```
- elevation
  (azimuth)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  ray_elevation_angle
  long_name :
  elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane
  units :
  degrees
  axis :
  radial_elevation_coordinate
```
array([7.8, 7.8, 7.8, ..., 7.8, 7.8, 7.8], dtype=float32)
```
- range
  (range)
  float32
  25.0 75.0 ... 3.002e+04 3.008e+04
  units :
  meters
  standard_name :
  projection_range_coordinate
  long_name :
  range_to_measurement_volume
  spacing_is_constant :
  true
  axis :
  radial_range_coordinate
  meters_to_center_of_first_gate :
  25.0
  meters_between_gates :
  50.0
```
array([2.5000e+01, 7.5000e+01, 1.2500e+02, ..., 2.9975e+04, 3.0025e+04,
       3.0075e+04], dtype=float32)
```
- time
  ()
  datetime64[ns]
  2021-07-30T16:00:00
  standard_name :
  time
```
array('2021-07-30T16:00:00.000000000', dtype='datetime64[ns]')
```
- rtime
  (azimuth)
  datetime64[ns]
  2021-07-30T16:00:06.277723500 .....
  standard_name :
  time
```
array(['2021-07-30T16:00:06.277723500', '2021-07-30T16:00:06.288556500',
       '2021-07-30T16:00:06.299389500', ..., '2021-07-30T16:00:06.245224500',
       '2021-07-30T16:00:06.256057500', '2021-07-30T16:00:06.266890500'],
      dtype='datetime64[ns]')
```
- longitude
  ()
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  longitude
  units :
  degrees_east
  standard_name :
  longitude
```
array(15.44729)
```
- latitude
  ()
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  latitude
  units :
  degrees_north
  positive :
  up
  standard_name :
  latitude
```
array(47.07734)
```
- altitude
  ()
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  altitude
  units :
  meters
  standard_name :
  altitude
```
array(407.9)
```
- sweep_mode
  ()
  <U20
  ...
```
array('azimuth_surveillance', dtype='<U20')
```
Data variables: (9)
- RATE
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  rainfall_rate
  standard_name :
  rainfall_rate
  units :
  mm h-1
```
[828352 values with dtype=float32]
```
- DBZH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  Equivalent reflectivity factor H
  standard_name :
  radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h
  units :
  dBZ
```
[828352 values with dtype=float32]
```
- VRADH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  Radial velocity of scatterers away from instrument H
  standard_name :
  radial_velocity_of_scatterers_away_from_instrument_h
  units :
  meters per seconds
```
[828352 values with dtype=float32]
```
- ZDR
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  Log differential reflectivity H/V
  standard_name :
  radar_differential_reflectivity_hv
  units :
  dB
```
[828352 values with dtype=float32]
```
- KDP
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  Specific differential phase HV
  standard_name :
  radar_specific_differential_phase_hv
  units :
  degrees per kilometer
```
[828352 values with dtype=float32]
```
- PHIDP
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  Differential phase HV
  standard_name :
  radar_differential_phase_hv
  units :
  degrees
```
[828352 values with dtype=float32]
```
- RHOHV
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  Correlation coefficient HV
  standard_name :
  radar_correlation_coefficient_hv
  units :
  unitless
```
[828352 values with dtype=float32]
```
- WRADH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  Doppler spectrum width H
  standard_name :
  radar_doppler_spectrum_width_h
  units :
  meters per seconds
```
[828352 values with dtype=float32]
```
- QUAL
  (azimuth, range)
  uint16
  ...
```
[828352 values with dtype=uint16]
```
Attributes: (1)
fixed_angle :
7.8

Goereferencing¶

[6]:

swp = vol[0].copy().pipe(wrl.georef.georeference_dataset)

Plotting¶

Currently the data dynamic range is left as read from the file. That way the difference between shortpulse and longpulse can be clearly seen.

[7]:

swp.DBZH.plot.pcolormesh(x="x", y="y")
pl.gca().set_aspect("equal")

../../_images/notebooks_fileio_wradlib_furuno_backend_14_0.png

[8]:

fig = pl.figure(figsize=(10, 10))
swp.DBZH.wradlib.plot_ppi(proj="cg", fig=fig)

[8]:

<matplotlib.collections.QuadMesh at 0x7f63133f7f40>

../../_images/notebooks_fileio_wradlib_furuno_backend_15_1.png

[9]:

import cartopy
import cartopy.crs as ccrs
import cartopy.feature as cfeature

map_trans = ccrs.AzimuthalEquidistant(
    central_latitude=swp.latitude.values, central_longitude=swp.longitude.values
)

[10]:

map_proj = ccrs.AzimuthalEquidistant(
    central_latitude=swp.latitude.values, central_longitude=swp.longitude.values
)
pm = swp.DBZH.wradlib.plot_ppi(proj=map_proj)
ax = pl.gca()
ax.gridlines(crs=map_proj)
print(ax)

< GeoAxes: +proj=aeqd +ellps=WGS84 +lon_0=15.44729 +lat_0=47.07734000000001 +x_0=0.0 +y_0=0.0 +no_defs +type=crs >

../../_images/notebooks_fileio_wradlib_furuno_backend_17_1.png

[11]:

map_proj = ccrs.Mercator(central_longitude=swp.longitude.values)
fig = pl.figure(figsize=(10, 8))
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection=map_proj)
pm = swp.DBZH.wradlib.plot_ppi(ax=ax)
ax.gridlines(draw_labels=True)

[11]:

<cartopy.mpl.gridliner.Gridliner at 0x7f63132c17b0>

../../_images/notebooks_fileio_wradlib_furuno_backend_18_1.png

[12]:

import cartopy.feature as cfeature


def plot_rivers(ax):
    rivers = cfeature.NaturalEarthFeature(
        category="physical",
        name="rivers_lake_centerlines",
        scale="10m",
        facecolor="none",
    )
    ax.add_feature(rivers, edgecolor="blue", lw=2, zorder=4)


map_proj = ccrs.Mercator(central_longitude=swp.longitude.values)
fig = pl.figure(figsize=(10, 8))
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection=map_proj)

DBZH = swp.DBZH
pm = DBZH.where(DBZH > 0).wradlib.plot_ppi(ax=ax)
plot_rivers(ax)
ax.gridlines(draw_labels=True)

[12]:

<cartopy.mpl.gridliner.Gridliner at 0x7f631314b220>

../../_images/notebooks_fileio_wradlib_furuno_backend_19_1.png

[13]:

import matplotlib.path as mpath

theta = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi, 100)
center, radius = [0.5, 0.5], 0.5
verts = np.vstack([np.sin(theta), np.cos(theta)]).T
circle = mpath.Path(verts * radius + center)

map_proj = ccrs.AzimuthalEquidistant(
    central_latitude=swp.latitude.values,
    central_longitude=swp.longitude.values,
)
fig = pl.figure(figsize=(10, 8))
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection=map_proj)
ax.set_boundary(circle, transform=ax.transAxes)

pm = swp.DBZH.wradlib.plot_ppi(proj=map_proj, ax=ax)
ax = pl.gca()
ax.gridlines(crs=map_proj)

[13]:

<cartopy.mpl.gridliner.Gridliner at 0x7f63132c2f50>

../../_images/notebooks_fileio_wradlib_furuno_backend_20_1.png

[14]:

fig = pl.figure(figsize=(10, 8))
proj = ccrs.AzimuthalEquidistant(
    central_latitude=swp.latitude.values, central_longitude=swp.longitude.values
)
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection=proj)
pm = swp.DBZH.wradlib.plot_ppi(ax=ax)
ax.gridlines()

[14]:

<cartopy.mpl.gridliner.Gridliner at 0x7f6312fde590>

../../_images/notebooks_fileio_wradlib_furuno_backend_21_1.png

[15]:

swp.DBZH.wradlib.plot_ppi()

[15]:

<matplotlib.collections.QuadMesh at 0x7f63130abbe0>

../../_images/notebooks_fileio_wradlib_furuno_backend_22_1.png

Inspect radar moments¶

The DataArrays can be accessed by key or by attribute. Each DataArray has dimensions and coordinates of it’s parent dataset.

[16]:

display(swp.DBZH)

<xarray.DataArray 'DBZH' (azimuth: 1376, range: 602)>
array([[       nan,        nan,        nan, ..., -70.70001 , -70.19    ,
        -70.07001 ],
       [       nan,        nan,        nan, ..., -70.98999 , -70.28    ,
        -70.26999 ],
       [       nan,        nan,        nan, ..., -70.78    , -70.26001 ,
        -70.31    ],
       ...,
       [       nan,        nan,        nan, ..., -70.04001 , -70.389984,
        -69.369995],
       [       nan,        nan,        nan, ..., -69.81    , -70.17001 ,
        -69.600006],
       [       nan,        nan,        nan, ..., -69.95999 , -69.98999 ,
        -69.98001 ]], dtype=float32)
Coordinates: (12/15)
  * azimuth     (azimuth) float32 0.21 0.47 0.74 1.0 ... 359.2 359.4 359.7 359.9
    elevation   (azimuth) float32 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8 ... 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8
  * range       (range) float32 25.0 75.0 125.0 ... 3.002e+04 3.008e+04
    time        datetime64[ns] 2021-07-30T16:00:00
    rtime       (azimuth) datetime64[ns] 2021-07-30T16:00:06.277723500 ... 20...
    longitude   float64 15.45
    ...          ...
    x           (azimuth, range) float32 0.09078 0.2723 0.4539 ... -31.13 -31.18
    y           (azimuth, range) float32 24.77 74.3 ... 2.973e+04 2.978e+04
    z           (azimuth, range) float32 411.0 418.0 ... 4.535e+03 4.542e+03
    gr          (azimuth, range) float32 24.77 74.3 ... 2.973e+04 2.978e+04
    rays        (azimuth, range) float32 0.21 0.21 0.21 ... 359.9 359.9 359.9
    bins        (azimuth, range) float32 25.0 75.0 125.0 ... 3.002e+04 3.008e+04
Attributes:
    long_name:      Equivalent reflectivity factor H
    standard_name:  radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h
    units:          dBZ

xarray.DataArray

'DBZH'

azimuth: 1376
range: 602

nan nan nan -51.38 17.26 29.38 ... -70.16 -70.13 -69.96 -69.99 -69.98

array([[       nan,        nan,        nan, ..., -70.70001 , -70.19    ,
        -70.07001 ],
       [       nan,        nan,        nan, ..., -70.98999 , -70.28    ,
        -70.26999 ],
       [       nan,        nan,        nan, ..., -70.78    , -70.26001 ,
        -70.31    ],
       ...,
       [       nan,        nan,        nan, ..., -70.04001 , -70.389984,
        -69.369995],
       [       nan,        nan,        nan, ..., -69.81    , -70.17001 ,
        -69.600006],
       [       nan,        nan,        nan, ..., -69.95999 , -69.98999 ,
        -69.98001 ]], dtype=float32)

Coordinates: (15)

azimuth
(azimuth)
float32
0.21 0.47 0.74 ... 359.7 359.9
standard_name :
ray_azimuth_angle
long_name :
azimuth_angle_from_true_north
units :
degrees
axis :
radial_azimuth_coordinate
a1gate :
796
angle_res :
0.26
```
array([2.1000e-01, 4.7000e-01, 7.4000e-01, ..., 3.5942e+02, 3.5968e+02,
       3.5994e+02], dtype=float32)
```
elevation
(azimuth)
float32
7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8 ... 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8
standard_name :
ray_elevation_angle
long_name :
elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane
units :
degrees
axis :
radial_elevation_coordinate
```
array([7.8, 7.8, 7.8, ..., 7.8, 7.8, 7.8], dtype=float32)
```
range
(range)
float32
25.0 75.0 ... 3.002e+04 3.008e+04
units :
meters
standard_name :
projection_range_coordinate
long_name :
range_to_measurement_volume
spacing_is_constant :
true
axis :
radial_range_coordinate
meters_to_center_of_first_gate :
25.0
meters_between_gates :
50.0
```
array([2.5000e+01, 7.5000e+01, 1.2500e+02, ..., 2.9975e+04, 3.0025e+04,
       3.0075e+04], dtype=float32)
```

time

()

datetime64[ns]

2021-07-30T16:00:00

standard_name :: time

array('2021-07-30T16:00:00.000000000', dtype='datetime64[ns]')

rtime

(azimuth)

datetime64[ns]

2021-07-30T16:00:06.277723500 .....

standard_name :: time

array(['2021-07-30T16:00:06.277723500', '2021-07-30T16:00:06.288556500',
       '2021-07-30T16:00:06.299389500', ..., '2021-07-30T16:00:06.245224500',
       '2021-07-30T16:00:06.256057500', '2021-07-30T16:00:06.266890500'],
      dtype='datetime64[ns]')

longitude
()
float64
15.45
long_name :
longitude
units :
degrees_east
standard_name :
longitude
```
array(15.44729)
```
latitude
()
float64
47.08
long_name :
latitude
units :
degrees_north
positive :
up
standard_name :
latitude
```
array(47.07734)
```
altitude
()
float64
407.9
long_name :
altitude
units :
meters
standard_name :
altitude
```
array(407.9)
```

sweep_mode

()

<U20

'azimuth_surveillance'

array('azimuth_surveillance', dtype='<U20')

(azimuth, range)

float32

0.09078 0.2723 ... -31.13 -31.18

array([[ 9.0776764e-02,  2.7233008e-01,  4.5388305e-01, ...,
         1.0878881e+02,  1.0897019e+02,  1.0915156e+02],
       [ 2.0316811e-01,  6.0950381e-01,  1.0158389e+00, ...,
         2.4348097e+02,  2.4388693e+02,  2.4429285e+02],
       [ 3.1987444e-01,  9.5962244e-01,  1.5993695e+00, ...,
         3.8334433e+02,  3.8398346e+02,  3.8462256e+02],
       ...,
       [-2.5072306e-01, -7.5216854e-01, -1.2536131e+00, ...,
        -3.0047183e+02, -3.0097281e+02, -3.0147375e+02],
       [-1.3833025e-01, -4.1499040e-01, -6.9165009e-01, ...,
        -1.6577792e+02, -1.6605432e+02, -1.6633070e+02],
       [-2.5934599e-02, -7.7803731e-02, -1.2967278e-01, ...,
        -3.1080576e+01, -3.1132397e+01, -3.1184212e+01]], dtype=float32)

(azimuth, range)

float32

24.77 74.3 ... 2.973e+04 2.978e+04

array([[2.47673321e+01, 7.43019257e+01, 1.23836449e+02, ...,
        2.96816973e+04, 2.97311836e+04, 2.97806680e+04],
       [2.47666645e+01, 7.42999344e+01, 1.23833115e+02, ...,
        2.96808984e+04, 2.97303848e+04, 2.97798672e+04],
       [2.47654324e+01, 7.42962341e+01, 1.23826950e+02, ...,
        2.96794219e+04, 2.97289062e+04, 2.97783867e+04],
       ...,
       [2.47662277e+01, 7.42986221e+01, 1.23830933e+02, ...,
        2.96803750e+04, 2.97298613e+04, 2.97793418e+04],
       [2.47671108e+01, 7.43012695e+01, 1.23835350e+02, ...,
        2.96814336e+04, 2.97309199e+04, 2.97804043e+04],
       [2.47674847e+01, 7.43023911e+01, 1.23837212e+02, ...,
        2.96818809e+04, 2.97313691e+04, 2.97808535e+04]], dtype=float32)

(azimuth, range)

float32

411.0 418.0 ... 4.535e+03 4.542e+03

array([[ 411.,  418.,  425., ..., 4528., 4535., 4542.],
       [ 411.,  418.,  425., ..., 4528., 4535., 4542.],
       [ 411.,  418.,  425., ..., 4528., 4535., 4542.],
       ...,
       [ 411.,  418.,  425., ..., 4528., 4535., 4542.],
       [ 411.,  418.,  425., ..., 4528., 4535., 4542.],
       [ 411.,  418.,  425., ..., 4528., 4535., 4542.]], dtype=float32)

(azimuth, range)

float32

24.77 74.3 ... 2.973e+04 2.978e+04

array([[2.47698765e+01, 7.43048019e+01, 1.23839661e+02, ...,
        2.96818984e+04, 2.97313867e+04, 2.97808691e+04],
       [2.47698803e+01, 7.43048172e+01, 1.23839661e+02, ...,
        2.96818984e+04, 2.97313867e+04, 2.97808691e+04],
       [2.47698879e+01, 7.43048248e+01, 1.23839668e+02, ...,
        2.96819004e+04, 2.97313887e+04, 2.97808730e+04],
       ...,
       [2.47698555e+01, 7.43047867e+01, 1.23839638e+02, ...,
        2.96818984e+04, 2.97313867e+04, 2.97808691e+04],
       [2.47698631e+01, 7.43047943e+01, 1.23839645e+02, ...,
        2.96818984e+04, 2.97313867e+04, 2.97808691e+04],
       [2.47698689e+01, 7.43048019e+01, 1.23839653e+02, ...,
        2.96818984e+04, 2.97313867e+04, 2.97808711e+04]], dtype=float32)

rays

(azimuth, range)

float32

0.21 0.21 0.21 ... 359.9 359.9

array([[2.0999999e-01, 2.0999999e-01, 2.0999999e-01, ..., 2.0999999e-01,
        2.0999999e-01, 2.0999999e-01],
       [4.7000000e-01, 4.7000000e-01, 4.7000000e-01, ..., 4.7000000e-01,
        4.7000000e-01, 4.7000000e-01],
       [7.4000001e-01, 7.4000001e-01, 7.4000001e-01, ..., 7.4000001e-01,
        7.4000001e-01, 7.4000001e-01],
       ...,
       [3.5941998e+02, 3.5941998e+02, 3.5941998e+02, ..., 3.5941998e+02,
        3.5941998e+02, 3.5941998e+02],
       [3.5967999e+02, 3.5967999e+02, 3.5967999e+02, ..., 3.5967999e+02,
        3.5967999e+02, 3.5967999e+02],
       [3.5994000e+02, 3.5994000e+02, 3.5994000e+02, ..., 3.5994000e+02,
        3.5994000e+02, 3.5994000e+02]], dtype=float32)

bins

(azimuth, range)

float32

25.0 75.0 ... 3.002e+04 3.008e+04

array([[2.5000e+01, 7.5000e+01, 1.2500e+02, ..., 2.9975e+04, 3.0025e+04,
        3.0075e+04],
       [2.5000e+01, 7.5000e+01, 1.2500e+02, ..., 2.9975e+04, 3.0025e+04,
        3.0075e+04],
       [2.5000e+01, 7.5000e+01, 1.2500e+02, ..., 2.9975e+04, 3.0025e+04,
        3.0075e+04],
       ...,
       [2.5000e+01, 7.5000e+01, 1.2500e+02, ..., 2.9975e+04, 3.0025e+04,
        3.0075e+04],
       [2.5000e+01, 7.5000e+01, 1.2500e+02, ..., 2.9975e+04, 3.0025e+04,
        3.0075e+04],
       [2.5000e+01, 7.5000e+01, 1.2500e+02, ..., 2.9975e+04, 3.0025e+04,
        3.0075e+04]], dtype=float32)

Attributes: (3)
long_name :
Equivalent reflectivity factor H
standard_name :
radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h
units :
dBZ

Create simple plot¶

Using xarray features a simple plot can be created like this. Note the sortby('rtime') method, which sorts the radials by time.

[17]:

swp.DBZH.sortby("rtime").plot(x="range", y="rtime", add_labels=False)

[17]:

<matplotlib.collections.QuadMesh at 0x7f6312ecf850>

../../_images/notebooks_fileio_wradlib_furuno_backend_26_1.png

[18]:

fig = pl.figure(figsize=(5, 5))
pm = swp.DBZH.wradlib.plot_ppi(proj={"latmin": 3e3}, fig=fig)

../../_images/notebooks_fileio_wradlib_furuno_backend_27_0.png

Mask some values¶

[19]:

dbzh = swp["DBZH"].where(swp["DBZH"] >= 0)
dbzh.plot(x="x", y="y")

[19]:

<matplotlib.collections.QuadMesh at 0x7f6310115330>

../../_images/notebooks_fileio_wradlib_furuno_backend_29_1.png

[20]:

vol[0]

[20]:

<xarray.Dataset>
Dimensions:     (azimuth: 1376, range: 602)
Coordinates:
  * azimuth     (azimuth) float32 0.21 0.47 0.74 1.0 ... 359.2 359.4 359.7 359.9
    elevation   (azimuth) float32 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8 ... 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8
  * range       (range) float32 25.0 75.0 125.0 ... 3.002e+04 3.008e+04
    time        datetime64[ns] 2021-07-30T16:00:00
    rtime       (azimuth) datetime64[ns] 2021-07-30T16:00:06.277723500 ... 20...
    longitude   float64 15.45
    latitude    float64 47.08
    altitude    float64 407.9
    sweep_mode  <U20 'azimuth_surveillance'
Data variables:
    RATE        (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    DBZH        (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    VRADH       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    ZDR         (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    KDP         (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    PHIDP       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    RHOHV       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    WRADH       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    QUAL        (azimuth, range) uint16 ...
Attributes:
    fixed_angle:  7.8

xarray.Dataset

Dimensions:
- azimuth: 1376
- range: 602
Coordinates: (9)
- azimuth
  (azimuth)
  float32
  0.21 0.47 0.74 ... 359.7 359.9
  standard_name :
  ray_azimuth_angle
  long_name :
  azimuth_angle_from_true_north
  units :
  degrees
  axis :
  radial_azimuth_coordinate
  a1gate :
  796
  angle_res :
  0.26
```
array([2.1000e-01, 4.7000e-01, 7.4000e-01, ..., 3.5942e+02, 3.5968e+02,
       3.5994e+02], dtype=float32)
```
- elevation
  (azimuth)
  float32
  7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8 ... 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8
  standard_name :
  ray_elevation_angle
  long_name :
  elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane
  units :
  degrees
  axis :
  radial_elevation_coordinate
```
array([7.8, 7.8, 7.8, ..., 7.8, 7.8, 7.8], dtype=float32)
```
- range
  (range)
  float32
  25.0 75.0 ... 3.002e+04 3.008e+04
  units :
  meters
  standard_name :
  projection_range_coordinate
  long_name :
  range_to_measurement_volume
  spacing_is_constant :
  true
  axis :
  radial_range_coordinate
  meters_to_center_of_first_gate :
  25.0
  meters_between_gates :
  50.0
```
array([2.5000e+01, 7.5000e+01, 1.2500e+02, ..., 2.9975e+04, 3.0025e+04,
       3.0075e+04], dtype=float32)
```
- time
  ()
  datetime64[ns]
  2021-07-30T16:00:00
  standard_name :
  time
```
array('2021-07-30T16:00:00.000000000', dtype='datetime64[ns]')
```
- rtime
  (azimuth)
  datetime64[ns]
  2021-07-30T16:00:06.277723500 .....
  standard_name :
  time
```
array(['2021-07-30T16:00:06.277723500', '2021-07-30T16:00:06.288556500',
       '2021-07-30T16:00:06.299389500', ..., '2021-07-30T16:00:06.245224500',
       '2021-07-30T16:00:06.256057500', '2021-07-30T16:00:06.266890500'],
      dtype='datetime64[ns]')
```
- longitude
  ()
  float64
  15.45
  long_name :
  longitude
  units :
  degrees_east
  standard_name :
  longitude
```
array(15.44729)
```
- latitude
  ()
  float64
  47.08
  long_name :
  latitude
  units :
  degrees_north
  positive :
  up
  standard_name :
  latitude
```
array(47.07734)
```
- altitude
  ()
  float64
  407.9
  long_name :
  altitude
  units :
  meters
  standard_name :
  altitude
```
array(407.9)
```
- sweep_mode
  ()
  <U20
  'azimuth_surveillance'
```
array('azimuth_surveillance', dtype='<U20')
```
Data variables: (9)
- RATE
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  rainfall_rate
  standard_name :
  rainfall_rate
  units :
  mm h-1
```
[828352 values with dtype=float32]
```
- DBZH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  Equivalent reflectivity factor H
  standard_name :
  radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h
  units :
  dBZ
```
[828352 values with dtype=float32]
```
- VRADH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  Radial velocity of scatterers away from instrument H
  standard_name :
  radial_velocity_of_scatterers_away_from_instrument_h
  units :
  meters per seconds
```
[828352 values with dtype=float32]
```
- ZDR
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  Log differential reflectivity H/V
  standard_name :
  radar_differential_reflectivity_hv
  units :
  dB
```
[828352 values with dtype=float32]
```
- KDP
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  Specific differential phase HV
  standard_name :
  radar_specific_differential_phase_hv
  units :
  degrees per kilometer
```
[828352 values with dtype=float32]
```
- PHIDP
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  Differential phase HV
  standard_name :
  radar_differential_phase_hv
  units :
  degrees
```
[828352 values with dtype=float32]
```
- RHOHV
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  Correlation coefficient HV
  standard_name :
  radar_correlation_coefficient_hv
  units :
  unitless
```
[828352 values with dtype=float32]
```
- WRADH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  Doppler spectrum width H
  standard_name :
  radar_doppler_spectrum_width_h
  units :
  meters per seconds
```
[828352 values with dtype=float32]
```
- QUAL
  (azimuth, range)
  uint16
  ...
```
[828352 values with dtype=uint16]
```
Attributes: (1)
fixed_angle :
7.8

Export to ODIM and CfRadial2¶

[21]:

vol[0].DBZH.sortby("rtime").plot(y="rtime")

[21]:

<matplotlib.collections.QuadMesh at 0x7f63129b4520>

../../_images/notebooks_fileio_wradlib_furuno_backend_32_1.png

[22]:

vol.to_odim("furuno_scn_as_odim.h5")
vol.to_cfradial2("furuno_scn_as_cfradial2.nc")

Import again¶

[23]:

vola = wrl.io.open_odim_dataset(
    "furuno_scn_as_odim.h5", reindex_angle=False, keep_elevation=True
)
display(vola.root)
display(vola[0])
vola[0].DBZH.sortby("rtime").plot(y="rtime")

<xarray.Dataset>
Dimensions:              (sweep: 1)
Coordinates:
    time                 datetime64[ns] 2021-07-30T16:00:00
    sweep_mode           <U20 'azimuth_surveillance'
    longitude            float64 15.45
    altitude             float64 407.9
    latitude             float64 47.08
Dimensions without coordinates: sweep
Data variables:
    volume_number        int64 0
    platform_type        <U5 'fixed'
    instrument_type      <U5 'radar'
    primary_axis         <U6 'axis_z'
    time_coverage_start  <U20 '2021-07-30T16:00:00Z'
    time_coverage_end    <U20 '2021-07-30T16:00:14Z'
    sweep_group_name     (sweep) <U7 'sweep_0'
    sweep_fixed_angle    (sweep) float64 7.8
Attributes:
    version:          None
    title:            None
    institution:      None
    references:       None
    source:           None
    history:          None
    comment:          im/exported using wradlib
    instrument_name:  None
    fixed_angle:      7.8

xarray.Dataset

Dimensions:
- sweep: 1
Coordinates: (5)
- time
  ()
  datetime64[ns]
  2021-07-30T16:00:00
  standard_name :
  time
```
array('2021-07-30T16:00:00.000000000', dtype='datetime64[ns]')
```
- sweep_mode
  ()
  <U20
  'azimuth_surveillance'
```
array('azimuth_surveillance', dtype='<U20')
```
- longitude
  ()
  float64
  15.45
  long_name :
  longitude
  units :
  degrees_east
  standard_name :
  longitude
```
array(15.44729)
```
- altitude
  ()
  float64
  407.9
  long_name :
  altitude
  units :
  meters
  standard_name :
  altitude
```
array(407.9)
```
- latitude
  ()
  float64
  47.08
  long_name :
  latitude
  units :
  degrees_north
  positive :
  up
  standard_name :
  latitude
```
array(47.07734)
```
Data variables: (8)
- volume_number
  ()
  int64
  0
```
array(0)
```
- platform_type
  ()
  <U5
  'fixed'
```
array('fixed', dtype='<U5')
```
- instrument_type
  ()
  <U5
  'radar'
```
array('radar', dtype='<U5')
```
- primary_axis
  ()
  <U6
  'axis_z'
```
array('axis_z', dtype='<U6')
```
- time_coverage_start
  ()
  <U20
  '2021-07-30T16:00:00Z'
```
array('2021-07-30T16:00:00Z', dtype='<U20')
```
- time_coverage_end
  ()
  <U20
  '2021-07-30T16:00:14Z'
```
array('2021-07-30T16:00:14Z', dtype='<U20')
```
- sweep_group_name
  (sweep)
  <U7
  'sweep_0'
```
array(['sweep_0'], dtype='<U7')
```
- sweep_fixed_angle
  (sweep)
  float64
  7.8
```
array([7.8])
```
Attributes: (9)
version :
None
title :
None
institution :
None
references :
None
source :
None
history :
None
comment :
im/exported using wradlib
instrument_name :
None
fixed_angle :
7.8

<xarray.Dataset>
Dimensions:     (azimuth: 1376, range: 602)
Coordinates:
  * azimuth     (azimuth) float32 0.21 0.47 0.74 1.0 ... 359.2 359.4 359.7 359.9
    elevation   (azimuth) float32 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8 ... 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8
    rtime       (azimuth) datetime64[ns] 2021-07-30T16:00:06.277723392 ... 20...
  * range       (range) float32 25.0 75.0 125.0 ... 3.002e+04 3.008e+04
    time        datetime64[ns] 2021-07-30T16:00:00
    sweep_mode  <U20 'azimuth_surveillance'
    longitude   float64 15.45
    latitude    float64 47.08
    altitude    float64 407.9
Data variables:
    RATE        (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    DBZH        (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    VRADH       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    ZDR         (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    KDP         (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    PHIDP       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    RHOHV       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    WRADH       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
Attributes:
    fixed_angle:  7.8

xarray.Dataset

Dimensions:
- azimuth: 1376
- range: 602
Coordinates: (9)
- azimuth
  (azimuth)
  float32
  0.21 0.47 0.74 ... 359.7 359.9
  standard_name :
  ray_azimuth_angle
  long_name :
  azimuth_angle_from_true_north
  units :
  degrees
  axis :
  radial_azimuth_coordinate
  a1gate :
  797
  angle_res :
  0.26
```
array([2.1000e-01, 4.7000e-01, 7.4000e-01, ..., 3.5942e+02, 3.5968e+02,
       3.5994e+02], dtype=float32)
```
- elevation
  (azimuth)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  ray_elevation_angle
  long_name :
  elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane
  units :
  degrees
  axis :
  radial_elevation_coordinate
```
array([7.8, 7.8, 7.8, ..., 7.8, 7.8, 7.8], dtype=float32)
```
- rtime
  (azimuth)
  datetime64[ns]
  2021-07-30T16:00:06.277723392 .....
  standard_name :
  time
```
array(['2021-07-30T16:00:06.277723392', '2021-07-30T16:00:06.288556544',
       '2021-07-30T16:00:06.299389440', ..., '2021-07-30T16:00:06.245224448',
       '2021-07-30T16:00:06.256057600', '2021-07-30T16:00:06.266890496'],
      dtype='datetime64[ns]')
```
- range
  (range)
  float32
  25.0 75.0 ... 3.002e+04 3.008e+04
  units :
  meters
  standard_name :
  projection_range_coordinate
  long_name :
  range_to_measurement_volume
  spacing_is_constant :
  true
  axis :
  radial_range_coordinate
  meters_to_center_of_first_gate :
  25.0
  meters_between_gates :
  50.0
```
array([2.5000e+01, 7.5000e+01, 1.2500e+02, ..., 2.9975e+04, 3.0025e+04,
       3.0075e+04], dtype=float32)
```
- time
  ()
  datetime64[ns]
  2021-07-30T16:00:00
  standard_name :
  time
```
array('2021-07-30T16:00:00.000000000', dtype='datetime64[ns]')
```
- sweep_mode
  ()
  <U20
  ...
```
array('azimuth_surveillance', dtype='<U20')
```
- longitude
  ()
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  longitude
  units :
  degrees_east
  standard_name :
  longitude
```
array(15.44729)
```
- latitude
  ()
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  latitude
  units :
  degrees_north
  positive :
  up
  standard_name :
  latitude
```
array(47.07734)
```
- altitude
  ()
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  altitude
  units :
  meters
  standard_name :
  altitude
```
array(407.9)
```
Data variables: (8)
- RATE
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  _Undetect :
  1.7976931348623157e+308
  long_name :
  rainfall_rate
  standard_name :
  rainfall_rate
  units :
  mm h-1
```
[828352 values with dtype=float32]
```
- DBZH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  _Undetect :
  1.7976931348623157e+308
  long_name :
  Equivalent reflectivity factor H
  standard_name :
  radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h
  units :
  dBZ
```
[828352 values with dtype=float32]
```
- VRADH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  _Undetect :
  1.7976931348623157e+308
  long_name :
  Radial velocity of scatterers away from instrument H
  standard_name :
  radial_velocity_of_scatterers_away_from_instrument_h
  units :
  meters per seconds
```
[828352 values with dtype=float32]
```
- ZDR
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  _Undetect :
  1.7976931348623157e+308
  long_name :
  Log differential reflectivity H/V
  standard_name :
  radar_differential_reflectivity_hv
  units :
  dB
```
[828352 values with dtype=float32]
```
- KDP
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  _Undetect :
  1.7976931348623157e+308
  long_name :
  Specific differential phase HV
  standard_name :
  radar_specific_differential_phase_hv
  units :
  degrees per kilometer
```
[828352 values with dtype=float32]
```
- PHIDP
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  _Undetect :
  1.7976931348623157e+308
  long_name :
  Differential phase HV
  standard_name :
  radar_differential_phase_hv
  units :
  degrees
```
[828352 values with dtype=float32]
```
- RHOHV
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  _Undetect :
  1.7976931348623157e+308
  long_name :
  Correlation coefficient HV
  standard_name :
  radar_correlation_coefficient_hv
  units :
  unitless
```
[828352 values with dtype=float32]
```
- WRADH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  _Undetect :
  1.7976931348623157e+308
  long_name :
  Doppler spectrum width H
  standard_name :
  radar_doppler_spectrum_width_h
  units :
  meters per seconds
```
[828352 values with dtype=float32]
```
Attributes: (1)
fixed_angle :
7.8

[23]:

<matplotlib.collections.QuadMesh at 0x7f6312a6c670>

../../_images/notebooks_fileio_wradlib_furuno_backend_35_3.png

[24]:

volb = wrl.io.open_cfradial2_dataset("furuno_scn_as_cfradial2.nc")
display(volb.root)
display(volb[0])
volb[0].DBZH.sortby("rtime").plot(y="rtime")

<xarray.Dataset>
Dimensions:              (sweep: 1)
Coordinates:
    longitude            float64 15.45
    altitude             float64 407.9
    sweep_mode           <U20 'azimuth_surveillance'
    time                 datetime64[ns] 2021-07-30T16:00:00
    latitude             float64 47.08
Dimensions without coordinates: sweep
Data variables:
    volume_number        int64 0
    platform_type        <U5 'fixed'
    instrument_type      <U5 'radar'
    primary_axis         <U6 'axis_z'
    time_coverage_start  <U20 '2021-07-30T16:00:00Z'
    time_coverage_end    <U20 '2021-07-30T16:00:14Z'
    sweep_group_name     (sweep) <U7 'sweep_0'
    sweep_fixed_angle    (sweep) float64 7.8
Attributes:
    version:          None
    title:            None
    institution:      None
    references:       None
    source:           None
    history:          None
    comment:          im/exported using wradlib
    instrument_name:  None
    fixed_angle:      7.8

xarray.Dataset

Dimensions:
- sweep: 1
Coordinates: (5)
- longitude
  ()
  float64
  15.45
  _FillValue :
  nan
  long_name :
  longitude
  units :
  degrees_east
  standard_name :
  longitude
```
array(15.44729)
```
- altitude
  ()
  float64
  407.9
  _FillValue :
  nan
  long_name :
  altitude
  units :
  meters
  standard_name :
  altitude
```
array(407.9)
```
- sweep_mode
  ()
  <U20
  'azimuth_surveillance'
```
array('azimuth_surveillance', dtype='<U20')
```
- time
  ()
  datetime64[ns]
  2021-07-30T16:00:00
```
array('2021-07-30T16:00:00.000000000', dtype='datetime64[ns]')
```
- latitude
  ()
  float64
  47.08
  _FillValue :
  nan
  long_name :
  latitude
  units :
  degrees_north
  positive :
  up
  standard_name :
  latitude
```
array(47.07734)
```
Data variables: (8)
- volume_number
  ()
  int64
  0
```
array(0)
```
- platform_type
  ()
  <U5
  'fixed'
```
array('fixed', dtype='<U5')
```
- instrument_type
  ()
  <U5
  'radar'
```
array('radar', dtype='<U5')
```
- primary_axis
  ()
  <U6
  'axis_z'
```
array('axis_z', dtype='<U6')
```
- time_coverage_start
  ()
  <U20
  '2021-07-30T16:00:00Z'
```
array('2021-07-30T16:00:00Z', dtype='<U20')
```
- time_coverage_end
  ()
  <U20
  '2021-07-30T16:00:14Z'
```
array('2021-07-30T16:00:14Z', dtype='<U20')
```
- sweep_group_name
  (sweep)
  <U7
  'sweep_0'
```
array(['sweep_0'], dtype='<U7')
```
- sweep_fixed_angle
  (sweep)
  float64
  7.8
```
array([7.8])
```
Attributes: (9)
version :
None
title :
None
institution :
None
references :
None
source :
None
history :
None
comment :
im/exported using wradlib
instrument_name :
None
fixed_angle :
7.8

<xarray.Dataset>
Dimensions:     (azimuth: 1376, range: 602)
Coordinates:
  * azimuth     (azimuth) float32 0.21 0.47 0.74 1.0 ... 359.2 359.4 359.7 359.9
    elevation   (azimuth) float32 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8 ... 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8
  * range       (range) float32 25.0 75.0 125.0 ... 3.002e+04 3.008e+04
    rtime       (azimuth) datetime64[ns] 2021-07-30T16:00:06.277723500 ... 20...
    longitude   float64 15.45
    latitude    float64 47.08
    altitude    float64 407.9
    sweep_mode  <U20 'azimuth_surveillance'
    time        datetime64[ns] 2021-07-30T16:00:00
Data variables:
    RATE        (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    DBZH        (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    VRADH       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    ZDR         (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    KDP         (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    PHIDP       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    RHOHV       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    WRADH       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    QUAL        (azimuth, range) uint16 ...
Attributes:
    fixed_angle:  7.8

xarray.Dataset

Dimensions:
- azimuth: 1376
- range: 602
Coordinates: (9)
- azimuth
  (azimuth)
  float32
  0.21 0.47 0.74 ... 359.7 359.9
  standard_name :
  ray_azimuth_angle
  long_name :
  azimuth_angle_from_true_north
  units :
  degrees
  axis :
  radial_azimuth_coordinate
  a1gate :
  796
  angle_res :
  0.26
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
array([2.1000e-01, 4.7000e-01, 7.4000e-01, ..., 3.5942e+02, 3.5968e+02,
       3.5994e+02], dtype=float32)
```
- elevation
  (azimuth)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  ray_elevation_angle
  long_name :
  elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane
  units :
  degrees
  axis :
  radial_elevation_coordinate
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
array([7.8, 7.8, 7.8, ..., 7.8, 7.8, 7.8], dtype=float32)
```
- range
  (range)
  float32
  25.0 75.0 ... 3.002e+04 3.008e+04
  units :
  meters
  standard_name :
  projection_range_coordinate
  long_name :
  range_to_measurement_volume
  spacing_is_constant :
  true
  axis :
  radial_range_coordinate
  meters_to_center_of_first_gate :
  25.0
  meters_between_gates :
  50.0
```
array([2.5000e+01, 7.5000e+01, 1.2500e+02, ..., 2.9975e+04, 3.0025e+04,
       3.0075e+04], dtype=float32)
```
- rtime
  (azimuth)
  datetime64[ns]
  2021-07-30T16:00:06.277723500 .....
  standard_name :
  time
```
array(['2021-07-30T16:00:06.277723500', '2021-07-30T16:00:06.288556500',
       '2021-07-30T16:00:06.299389500', ..., '2021-07-30T16:00:06.245224500',
       '2021-07-30T16:00:06.256057500', '2021-07-30T16:00:06.266890500'],
      dtype='datetime64[ns]')
```
- longitude
  ()
  float64
  ...
  _FillValue :
  nan
  long_name :
  longitude
  units :
  degrees_east
  standard_name :
  longitude
```
array(15.44729)
```
- latitude
  ()
  float64
  ...
  _FillValue :
  nan
  long_name :
  latitude
  units :
  degrees_north
  positive :
  up
  standard_name :
  latitude
```
array(47.07734)
```
- altitude
  ()
  float64
  ...
  _FillValue :
  nan
  long_name :
  altitude
  units :
  meters
  standard_name :
  altitude
```
array(407.9)
```
- sweep_mode
  ()
  <U20
  ...
```
array('azimuth_surveillance', dtype='<U20')
```
- time
  ()
  datetime64[ns]
  2021-07-30T16:00:00
```
array('2021-07-30T16:00:00.000000000', dtype='datetime64[ns]')
```
Data variables: (9)
- RATE
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  rainfall_rate
  standard_name :
  rainfall_rate
  units :
  mm h-1
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[828352 values with dtype=float32]
```
- DBZH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  Equivalent reflectivity factor H
  standard_name :
  radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h
  units :
  dBZ
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[828352 values with dtype=float32]
```
- VRADH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  Radial velocity of scatterers away from instrument H
  standard_name :
  radial_velocity_of_scatterers_away_from_instrument_h
  units :
  meters per seconds
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[828352 values with dtype=float32]
```
- ZDR
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  Log differential reflectivity H/V
  standard_name :
  radar_differential_reflectivity_hv
  units :
  dB
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[828352 values with dtype=float32]
```
- KDP
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  Specific differential phase HV
  standard_name :
  radar_specific_differential_phase_hv
  units :
  degrees per kilometer
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[828352 values with dtype=float32]
```
- PHIDP
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  Differential phase HV
  standard_name :
  radar_differential_phase_hv
  units :
  degrees
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[828352 values with dtype=float32]
```
- RHOHV
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  Correlation coefficient HV
  standard_name :
  radar_correlation_coefficient_hv
  units :
  unitless
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[828352 values with dtype=float32]
```
- WRADH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  Doppler spectrum width H
  standard_name :
  radar_doppler_spectrum_width_h
  units :
  meters per seconds
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[828352 values with dtype=float32]
```
- QUAL
  (azimuth, range)
  uint16
  ...
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[828352 values with dtype=uint16]
```
Attributes: (1)
fixed_angle :
7.8

[24]:

<matplotlib.collections.QuadMesh at 0x7f6312902650>

../../_images/notebooks_fileio_wradlib_furuno_backend_36_3.png

Check equality¶

We have to drop the time variable when checking equality since IRIS has millisecond resolution.

[25]:

xr.testing.assert_allclose(vol.root.drop("time"), vola.root.drop("time"))
xr.testing.assert_allclose(
    vol[0].drop(["rtime", "time", "QUAL"]), vola[0].drop(["rtime", "time"])
)
xr.testing.assert_allclose(vol.root.drop("time"), volb.root.drop("time"))
# xr.testing.assert_allclose(vol[0].drop("time"), volb[0].drop("time"))
xr.testing.assert_allclose(vola.root, volb.root)
xr.testing.assert_allclose(vola[0].drop("rtime"), volb[0].drop(["rtime", "QUAL"]))

More Furuno loading mechanisms¶

Use `xr.open_dataset` to retrieve explicit group¶

[26]:

swp = xr.open_dataset(
    f, engine="furuno", group=1, backend_kwargs=dict(reindex_angle=False)
)
display(swp)

<xarray.Dataset>
Dimensions:     (azimuth: 1376, range: 602)
Coordinates:
  * azimuth     (azimuth) float32 0.21 0.47 0.74 1.0 ... 359.2 359.4 359.7 359.9
    elevation   (azimuth) float32 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8 ... 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8
  * range       (range) float32 25.0 75.0 125.0 ... 3.002e+04 3.008e+04
    time        datetime64[ns] 2021-07-30T16:00:00
    rtime       (azimuth) datetime64[ns] 2021-07-30T16:00:06.277723500 ... 20...
    longitude   float64 15.45
    latitude    float64 47.08
    altitude    float64 407.9
    sweep_mode  <U20 'azimuth_surveillance'
Data variables:
    RATE        (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    DBZH        (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    VRADH       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    ZDR         (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    KDP         (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    PHIDP       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    RHOHV       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    WRADH       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    QUAL        (azimuth, range) uint16 ...
Attributes:
    fixed_angle:  7.8

xarray.Dataset

Dimensions:
- azimuth: 1376
- range: 602
Coordinates: (9)
- azimuth
  (azimuth)
  float32
  0.21 0.47 0.74 ... 359.7 359.9
  standard_name :
  ray_azimuth_angle
  long_name :
  azimuth_angle_from_true_north
  units :
  degrees
  axis :
  radial_azimuth_coordinate
  a1gate :
  796
  angle_res :
  0.26
```
array([2.1000e-01, 4.7000e-01, 7.4000e-01, ..., 3.5942e+02, 3.5968e+02,
       3.5994e+02], dtype=float32)
```
- elevation
  (azimuth)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  ray_elevation_angle
  long_name :
  elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane
  units :
  degrees
  axis :
  radial_elevation_coordinate
```
array([7.8, 7.8, 7.8, ..., 7.8, 7.8, 7.8], dtype=float32)
```
- range
  (range)
  float32
  25.0 75.0 ... 3.002e+04 3.008e+04
  units :
  meters
  standard_name :
  projection_range_coordinate
  long_name :
  range_to_measurement_volume
  spacing_is_constant :
  true
  axis :
  radial_range_coordinate
  meters_to_center_of_first_gate :
  25.0
  meters_between_gates :
  50.0
```
array([2.5000e+01, 7.5000e+01, 1.2500e+02, ..., 2.9975e+04, 3.0025e+04,
       3.0075e+04], dtype=float32)
```
- time
  ()
  datetime64[ns]
  ...
  standard_name :
  time
```
array('2021-07-30T16:00:00.000000000', dtype='datetime64[ns]')
```
- rtime
  (azimuth)
  datetime64[ns]
  ...
  standard_name :
  time
```
array(['2021-07-30T16:00:06.277723500', '2021-07-30T16:00:06.288556500',
       '2021-07-30T16:00:06.299389500', ..., '2021-07-30T16:00:06.245224500',
       '2021-07-30T16:00:06.256057500', '2021-07-30T16:00:06.266890500'],
      dtype='datetime64[ns]')
```
- longitude
  ()
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  longitude
  units :
  degrees_east
  standard_name :
  longitude
```
array(15.44729)
```
- latitude
  ()
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  latitude
  units :
  degrees_north
  positive :
  up
  standard_name :
  latitude
```
array(47.07734)
```
- altitude
  ()
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  altitude
  units :
  meters
  standard_name :
  altitude
```
array(407.9)
```
- sweep_mode
  ()
  <U20
  ...
```
array('azimuth_surveillance', dtype='<U20')
```
Data variables: (9)
- RATE
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  rainfall_rate
  standard_name :
  rainfall_rate
  units :
  mm h-1
```
[828352 values with dtype=float32]
```
- DBZH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  Equivalent reflectivity factor H
  standard_name :
  radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h
  units :
  dBZ
```
[828352 values with dtype=float32]
```
- VRADH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  Radial velocity of scatterers away from instrument H
  standard_name :
  radial_velocity_of_scatterers_away_from_instrument_h
  units :
  meters per seconds
```
[828352 values with dtype=float32]
```
- ZDR
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  Log differential reflectivity H/V
  standard_name :
  radar_differential_reflectivity_hv
  units :
  dB
```
[828352 values with dtype=float32]
```
- KDP
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  Specific differential phase HV
  standard_name :
  radar_specific_differential_phase_hv
  units :
  degrees per kilometer
```
[828352 values with dtype=float32]
```
- PHIDP
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  Differential phase HV
  standard_name :
  radar_differential_phase_hv
  units :
  degrees
```
[828352 values with dtype=float32]
```
- RHOHV
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  Correlation coefficient HV
  standard_name :
  radar_correlation_coefficient_hv
  units :
  unitless
```
[828352 values with dtype=float32]
```
- WRADH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  Doppler spectrum width H
  standard_name :
  radar_doppler_spectrum_width_h
  units :
  meters per seconds
```
[828352 values with dtype=float32]
```
- QUAL
  (azimuth, range)
  uint16
  ...
```
[828352 values with dtype=uint16]
```
Attributes: (1)
fixed_angle :
7.8

Load furuno scnx Data¶

Data provided by GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences.

[27]:

fpath = "furuno/2006_20220324_000000_000.scnx.gz"
f = wrl.util.get_wradlib_data_file(fpath)
vol = wrl.io.open_furuno_dataset(f, reindex_angle=False)

Inspect RadarVolume¶

[28]:

display(vol)

<wradlib.RadarVolume>
Dimension(s): (sweep: 1)
Elevation(s): (0.5)

Inspect root group¶

The sweep dimension contains the number of scans in this radar volume. Further the dataset consists of variables (location coordinates, time_coverage) and attributes (Conventions, metadata).

[29]:

vol.root

[29]:

<xarray.Dataset>
Dimensions:              (sweep: 1)
Coordinates:
    time                 datetime64[ns] 2022-03-24T00:00:01
    longitude            float64 13.24
    altitude             float64 38.0
    sweep_mode           <U20 'azimuth_surveillance'
    latitude             float64 53.55
Dimensions without coordinates: sweep
Data variables:
    volume_number        int64 0
    platform_type        <U5 'fixed'
    instrument_type      <U5 'radar'
    primary_axis         <U6 'axis_z'
    time_coverage_start  <U20 '2022-03-24T00:00:01Z'
    time_coverage_end    <U20 '2022-03-24T00:00:28Z'
    sweep_group_name     (sweep) <U7 'sweep_0'
    sweep_fixed_angle    (sweep) float64 0.5
Attributes:
    version:          None
    title:            None
    institution:      None
    references:       None
    source:           None
    history:          None
    comment:          im/exported using wradlib
    instrument_name:  None
    fixed_angle:      0.5

xarray.Dataset

Dimensions:
- sweep: 1
Coordinates: (5)
- time
  ()
  datetime64[ns]
  2022-03-24T00:00:01
  standard_name :
  time
```
array('2022-03-24T00:00:01.000000000', dtype='datetime64[ns]')
```
- longitude
  ()
  float64
  13.24
  long_name :
  longitude
  units :
  degrees_east
  standard_name :
  longitude
```
array(13.24397)
```
- altitude
  ()
  float64
  38.0
  long_name :
  altitude
  units :
  meters
  standard_name :
  altitude
```
array(38.)
```
- sweep_mode
  ()
  <U20
  'azimuth_surveillance'
```
array('azimuth_surveillance', dtype='<U20')
```
- latitude
  ()
  float64
  53.55
  long_name :
  latitude
  units :
  degrees_north
  positive :
  up
  standard_name :
  latitude
```
array(53.55478)
```
Data variables: (8)
- volume_number
  ()
  int64
  0
```
array(0)
```
- platform_type
  ()
  <U5
  'fixed'
```
array('fixed', dtype='<U5')
```
- instrument_type
  ()
  <U5
  'radar'
```
array('radar', dtype='<U5')
```
- primary_axis
  ()
  <U6
  'axis_z'
```
array('axis_z', dtype='<U6')
```
- time_coverage_start
  ()
  <U20
  '2022-03-24T00:00:01Z'
```
array('2022-03-24T00:00:01Z', dtype='<U20')
```
- time_coverage_end
  ()
  <U20
  '2022-03-24T00:00:28Z'
```
array('2022-03-24T00:00:28Z', dtype='<U20')
```
- sweep_group_name
  (sweep)
  <U7
  'sweep_0'
```
array(['sweep_0'], dtype='<U7')
```
- sweep_fixed_angle
  (sweep)
  float64
  0.5
```
array([0.5])
```
Attributes: (9)
version :
None
title :
None
institution :
None
references :
None
source :
None
history :
None
comment :
im/exported using wradlib
instrument_name :
None
fixed_angle :
0.5

Inspect sweep group(s)¶

[30]:

display(vol[0])

<xarray.Dataset>
Dimensions:     (azimuth: 722, range: 936)
Coordinates:
  * azimuth     (azimuth) float32 0.19 0.68 1.16 1.69 ... 358.7 359.2 359.7
    elevation   (azimuth) float32 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 ... 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
  * range       (range) float32 37.5 112.5 187.5 ... 7.009e+04 7.016e+04
    time        datetime64[ns] 2022-03-24T00:00:01
    rtime       (azimuth) datetime64[ns] 2022-03-24T00:00:17.656439500 ... 20...
    longitude   float64 13.24
    latitude    float64 53.55
    altitude    float64 38.0
    sweep_mode  <U20 'azimuth_surveillance'
Data variables:
    RATE        (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    DBZH        (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    VRADH       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    ZDR         (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    KDP         (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    PHIDP       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    RHOHV       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    WRADH       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    QUAL        (azimuth, range) uint16 ...
Attributes:
    fixed_angle:  0.5

xarray.Dataset

Dimensions:
- azimuth: 722
- range: 936
Coordinates: (9)
- azimuth
  (azimuth)
  float32
  0.19 0.68 1.16 ... 359.2 359.7
  standard_name :
  ray_azimuth_angle
  long_name :
  azimuth_angle_from_true_north
  units :
  degrees
  axis :
  radial_azimuth_coordinate
  a1gate :
  292
  angle_res :
  0.5
```
array([1.9000e-01, 6.8000e-01, 1.1600e+00, ..., 3.5866e+02, 3.5918e+02,
       3.5967e+02], dtype=float32)
```
- elevation
  (azimuth)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  ray_elevation_angle
  long_name :
  elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane
  units :
  degrees
  axis :
  radial_elevation_coordinate
```
array([0.5, 0.5, 0.5, ..., 0.5, 0.5, 0.5], dtype=float32)
```
- range
  (range)
  float32
  37.5 112.5 ... 7.009e+04 7.016e+04
  units :
  meters
  standard_name :
  projection_range_coordinate
  long_name :
  range_to_measurement_volume
  spacing_is_constant :
  true
  axis :
  radial_range_coordinate
  meters_to_center_of_first_gate :
  37.5
  meters_between_gates :
  75
```
array([3.75000e+01, 1.12500e+02, 1.87500e+02, ..., 7.00125e+04, 7.00875e+04,
       7.01625e+04], dtype=float32)
```
- time
  ()
  datetime64[ns]
  2022-03-24T00:00:01
  standard_name :
  time
```
array('2022-03-24T00:00:01.000000000', dtype='datetime64[ns]')
```
- rtime
  (azimuth)
  datetime64[ns]
  2022-03-24T00:00:17.656439500 .....
  standard_name :
  time
```
array(['2022-03-24T00:00:17.656439500', '2022-03-24T00:00:17.695220500',
       '2022-03-24T00:00:17.734001500', ..., '2022-03-24T00:00:17.540096500',
       '2022-03-24T00:00:17.578877500', '2022-03-24T00:00:17.617658500'],
      dtype='datetime64[ns]')
```
- longitude
  ()
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  longitude
  units :
  degrees_east
  standard_name :
  longitude
```
array(13.24397)
```
- latitude
  ()
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  latitude
  units :
  degrees_north
  positive :
  up
  standard_name :
  latitude
```
array(53.55478)
```
- altitude
  ()
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  altitude
  units :
  meters
  standard_name :
  altitude
```
array(38.)
```
- sweep_mode
  ()
  <U20
  ...
```
array('azimuth_surveillance', dtype='<U20')
```
Data variables: (9)
- RATE
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  rainfall_rate
  standard_name :
  rainfall_rate
  units :
  mm h-1
```
[675792 values with dtype=float32]
```
- DBZH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  Equivalent reflectivity factor H
  standard_name :
  radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h
  units :
  dBZ
```
[675792 values with dtype=float32]
```
- VRADH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  Radial velocity of scatterers away from instrument H
  standard_name :
  radial_velocity_of_scatterers_away_from_instrument_h
  units :
  meters per seconds
```
[675792 values with dtype=float32]
```
- ZDR
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  Log differential reflectivity H/V
  standard_name :
  radar_differential_reflectivity_hv
  units :
  dB
```
[675792 values with dtype=float32]
```
- KDP
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  Specific differential phase HV
  standard_name :
  radar_specific_differential_phase_hv
  units :
  degrees per kilometer
```
[675792 values with dtype=float32]
```
- PHIDP
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  Differential phase HV
  standard_name :
  radar_differential_phase_hv
  units :
  degrees
```
[675792 values with dtype=float32]
```
- RHOHV
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  Correlation coefficient HV
  standard_name :
  radar_correlation_coefficient_hv
  units :
  unitless
```
[675792 values with dtype=float32]
```
- WRADH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  Doppler spectrum width H
  standard_name :
  radar_doppler_spectrum_width_h
  units :
  meters per seconds
```
[675792 values with dtype=float32]
```
- QUAL
  (azimuth, range)
  uint16
  ...
```
[675792 values with dtype=uint16]
```
Attributes: (1)
fixed_angle :
0.5

Goereferencing¶

[31]:

swp = vol[0].copy().pipe(wrl.georef.georeference_dataset)

Plotting¶

Currently the data dynamic range is left as read from the file. That way the difference between shortpulse and longpulse can be clearly seen.

[32]:

swp.DBZH.plot.pcolormesh(x="x", y="y")
pl.gca().set_aspect("equal")

../../_images/notebooks_fileio_wradlib_furuno_backend_53_0.png

[33]:

fig = pl.figure(figsize=(10, 10))
swp.DBZH.wradlib.plot_ppi(proj="cg", fig=fig)

[33]:

<matplotlib.collections.QuadMesh at 0x7f63127fb610>

../../_images/notebooks_fileio_wradlib_furuno_backend_54_1.png

[34]:

import cartopy
import cartopy.crs as ccrs
import cartopy.feature as cfeature

map_trans = ccrs.AzimuthalEquidistant(
    central_latitude=swp.latitude.values, central_longitude=swp.longitude.values
)

[35]:

map_proj = ccrs.AzimuthalEquidistant(
    central_latitude=swp.latitude.values, central_longitude=swp.longitude.values
)
pm = swp.DBZH.wradlib.plot_ppi(proj=map_proj)
ax = pl.gca()
ax.gridlines(crs=map_proj)
print(ax)

< GeoAxes: +proj=aeqd +ellps=WGS84 +lon_0=13.243970000000001 +lat_0=53.55478 +x_0=0.0 +y_0=0.0 +no_defs +type=crs >

../../_images/notebooks_fileio_wradlib_furuno_backend_56_1.png

[36]:

map_proj = ccrs.Mercator(central_longitude=swp.longitude.values)
fig = pl.figure(figsize=(10, 8))
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection=map_proj)
pm = swp.DBZH.wradlib.plot_ppi(ax=ax)
ax.gridlines(draw_labels=True)

[36]:

<cartopy.mpl.gridliner.Gridliner at 0x7f631297a380>

../../_images/notebooks_fileio_wradlib_furuno_backend_57_1.png

[37]:

import cartopy.feature as cfeature


def plot_rivers(ax):
    rivers = cfeature.NaturalEarthFeature(
        category="physical",
        name="rivers_lake_centerlines",
        scale="10m",
        facecolor="none",
    )
    ax.add_feature(rivers, edgecolor="blue", lw=2, zorder=4)


map_proj = ccrs.Mercator(central_longitude=swp.longitude.values)
fig = pl.figure(figsize=(10, 8))
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection=map_proj)

DBZH = swp.DBZH
pm = DBZH.where(DBZH > 0).wradlib.plot_ppi(ax=ax)
plot_rivers(ax)
ax.gridlines(draw_labels=True)

[37]:

<cartopy.mpl.gridliner.Gridliner at 0x7f631c7451b0>

../../_images/notebooks_fileio_wradlib_furuno_backend_58_1.png

[38]:

import matplotlib.path as mpath

theta = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi, 100)
center, radius = [0.5, 0.5], 0.5
verts = np.vstack([np.sin(theta), np.cos(theta)]).T
circle = mpath.Path(verts * radius + center)

map_proj = ccrs.AzimuthalEquidistant(
    central_latitude=swp.latitude.values,
    central_longitude=swp.longitude.values,
)
fig = pl.figure(figsize=(10, 8))
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection=map_proj)
ax.set_boundary(circle, transform=ax.transAxes)

pm = swp.DBZH.wradlib.plot_ppi(proj=map_proj, ax=ax)
ax = pl.gca()
ax.gridlines(crs=map_proj)

[38]:

<cartopy.mpl.gridliner.Gridliner at 0x7f6312703fd0>

../../_images/notebooks_fileio_wradlib_furuno_backend_59_1.png

[39]:

fig = pl.figure(figsize=(10, 8))
proj = ccrs.AzimuthalEquidistant(
    central_latitude=swp.latitude.values, central_longitude=swp.longitude.values
)
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection=proj)
pm = swp.DBZH.wradlib.plot_ppi(ax=ax)
ax.gridlines()

[39]:

<cartopy.mpl.gridliner.Gridliner at 0x7f631274afe0>

../../_images/notebooks_fileio_wradlib_furuno_backend_60_1.png

[40]:

swp.DBZH.wradlib.plot_ppi()

[40]:

<matplotlib.collections.QuadMesh at 0x7f631276fee0>

../../_images/notebooks_fileio_wradlib_furuno_backend_61_1.png

Inspect radar moments¶

The DataArrays can be accessed by key or by attribute. Each DataArray has dimensions and coordinates of it’s parent dataset.

[41]:

display(swp.DBZH)

<xarray.DataArray 'DBZH' (azimuth: 722, range: 936)>
array([[       nan,        nan,        nan, ..., -80.740005, -79.34    ,
        -79.240005],
       [       nan,        nan,        nan, ..., -80.31    , -79.06    ,
        -79.25    ],
       [       nan,        nan,        nan, ..., -80.2     , -79.149994,
        -79.31999 ],
       ...,
       [       nan,        nan,        nan, ..., -79.78999 , -79.45999 ,
        -79.      ],
       [       nan,        nan,        nan, ..., -80.09    , -79.31    ,
        -79.020004],
       [       nan,        nan,        nan, ..., -80.369995, -79.33    ,
        -79.149994]], dtype=float32)
Coordinates: (12/15)
  * azimuth     (azimuth) float32 0.19 0.68 1.16 1.69 ... 358.7 359.2 359.7
    elevation   (azimuth) float32 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 ... 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
  * range       (range) float32 37.5 112.5 187.5 ... 7.009e+04 7.016e+04
    time        datetime64[ns] 2022-03-24T00:00:01
    rtime       (azimuth) datetime64[ns] 2022-03-24T00:00:17.656439500 ... 20...
    longitude   float64 13.24
    ...          ...
    x           (azimuth, range) float32 0.1244 0.3731 0.6218 ... -403.6 -404.1
    y           (azimuth, range) float32 37.5 112.5 ... 7.008e+04 7.015e+04
    z           (azimuth, range) float32 38.0 39.0 39.0 ... 937.0 939.0 940.0
    gr          (azimuth, range) float32 37.53 112.5 ... 7.008e+04 7.015e+04
    rays        (azimuth, range) float32 0.19 0.19 0.19 ... 359.7 359.7 359.7
    bins        (azimuth, range) float32 37.5 112.5 ... 7.009e+04 7.016e+04
Attributes:
    long_name:      Equivalent reflectivity factor H
    standard_name:  radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h
    units:          dBZ

xarray.DataArray

'DBZH'

azimuth: 722
range: 936

nan nan nan 17.35 25.65 24.41 ... -79.41 -79.62 -80.37 -79.33 -79.15

array([[       nan,        nan,        nan, ..., -80.740005, -79.34    ,
        -79.240005],
       [       nan,        nan,        nan, ..., -80.31    , -79.06    ,
        -79.25    ],
       [       nan,        nan,        nan, ..., -80.2     , -79.149994,
        -79.31999 ],
       ...,
       [       nan,        nan,        nan, ..., -79.78999 , -79.45999 ,
        -79.      ],
       [       nan,        nan,        nan, ..., -80.09    , -79.31    ,
        -79.020004],
       [       nan,        nan,        nan, ..., -80.369995, -79.33    ,
        -79.149994]], dtype=float32)

Coordinates: (15)

azimuth
(azimuth)
float32
0.19 0.68 1.16 ... 359.2 359.7
standard_name :
ray_azimuth_angle
long_name :
azimuth_angle_from_true_north
units :
degrees
axis :
radial_azimuth_coordinate
a1gate :
292
angle_res :
0.5
```
array([1.9000e-01, 6.8000e-01, 1.1600e+00, ..., 3.5866e+02, 3.5918e+02,
       3.5967e+02], dtype=float32)
```
elevation
(azimuth)
float32
0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 ... 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
standard_name :
ray_elevation_angle
long_name :
elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane
units :
degrees
axis :
radial_elevation_coordinate
```
array([0.5, 0.5, 0.5, ..., 0.5, 0.5, 0.5], dtype=float32)
```
range
(range)
float32
37.5 112.5 ... 7.009e+04 7.016e+04
units :
meters
standard_name :
projection_range_coordinate
long_name :
range_to_measurement_volume
spacing_is_constant :
true
axis :
radial_range_coordinate
meters_to_center_of_first_gate :
37.5
meters_between_gates :
75
```
array([3.75000e+01, 1.12500e+02, 1.87500e+02, ..., 7.00125e+04, 7.00875e+04,
       7.01625e+04], dtype=float32)
```

time

()

datetime64[ns]

2022-03-24T00:00:01

standard_name :: time

array('2022-03-24T00:00:01.000000000', dtype='datetime64[ns]')

rtime

(azimuth)

datetime64[ns]

2022-03-24T00:00:17.656439500 .....

standard_name :: time

array(['2022-03-24T00:00:17.656439500', '2022-03-24T00:00:17.695220500',
       '2022-03-24T00:00:17.734001500', ..., '2022-03-24T00:00:17.540096500',
       '2022-03-24T00:00:17.578877500', '2022-03-24T00:00:17.617658500'],
      dtype='datetime64[ns]')

longitude
()
float64
13.24
long_name :
longitude
units :
degrees_east
standard_name :
longitude
```
array(13.24397)
```
latitude
()
float64
53.55
long_name :
latitude
units :
degrees_north
positive :
up
standard_name :
latitude
```
array(53.55478)
```
altitude
()
float64
38.0
long_name :
altitude
units :
meters
standard_name :
altitude
```
array(38.)
```

sweep_mode

()

<U20

'azimuth_surveillance'

array('azimuth_surveillance', dtype='<U20')

(azimuth, range)

float32

0.1244 0.3731 ... -403.6 -404.1

array([[ 1.24353461e-01,  3.73060316e-01,  6.21767223e-01, ...,
         2.32145950e+02,  2.32394592e+02,  2.32643250e+02],
       [ 4.45032418e-01,  1.33509696e+00,  2.22516179e+00, ...,
         8.30796875e+02,  8.31686707e+02,  8.32576599e+02],
       [ 7.59135842e-01,  2.27740693e+00,  3.79567862e+00, ...,
         1.41717249e+03,  1.41869031e+03,  1.42020837e+03],
       ...,
       [-8.76911044e-01, -2.63073254e+00, -4.38455439e+00, ...,
        -1.63703796e+03, -1.63879126e+03, -1.64054480e+03],
       [-5.36650538e-01, -1.60995126e+00, -2.68325233e+00, ...,
        -1.00183173e+03, -1.00290472e+03, -1.00397784e+03],
       [-2.15978533e-01, -6.47935450e-01, -1.07989252e+00, ...,
        -4.03193756e+02, -4.03625580e+02, -4.04057465e+02]], dtype=float32)

(azimuth, range)

float32

37.5 112.5 ... 7.008e+04 7.015e+04

array([[3.74981995e+01, 1.12494576e+02, 1.87490982e+02, ...,
        7.00025156e+04, 7.00774922e+04, 7.01524766e+04],
       [3.74957619e+01, 1.12487267e+02, 1.87478790e+02, ...,
        6.99979688e+04, 7.00729375e+04, 7.01479141e+04],
       [3.74907227e+01, 1.12472137e+02, 1.87453583e+02, ...,
        6.99885547e+04, 7.00635156e+04, 7.01384844e+04],
       ...,
       [3.74881516e+01, 1.12464432e+02, 1.87440735e+02, ...,
        6.99837578e+04, 7.00587109e+04, 7.01336719e+04],
       [3.74945641e+01, 1.12483673e+02, 1.87472809e+02, ...,
        6.99957266e+04, 7.00706953e+04, 7.01456719e+04],
       [3.74977837e+01, 1.12493332e+02, 1.87488892e+02, ...,
        7.00017422e+04, 7.00767109e+04, 7.01516953e+04]], dtype=float32)

(azimuth, range)

float32

38.0 39.0 39.0 ... 939.0 940.0

array([[ 38.,  39.,  39., ..., 937., 939., 940.],
       [ 38.,  39.,  39., ..., 937., 939., 940.],
       [ 38.,  39.,  39., ..., 937., 939., 940.],
       ...,
       [ 38.,  39.,  39., ..., 937., 939., 940.],
       [ 38.,  39.,  39., ..., 937., 939., 940.],
       [ 38.,  39.,  39., ..., 937., 939., 940.]], dtype=float32)

(azimuth, range)

float32

37.53 112.5 ... 7.008e+04 7.015e+04

array([[3.7530857e+01, 1.1252764e+02, 1.8752446e+02, ..., 7.0002930e+04,
        7.0077906e+04, 7.0152891e+04],
       [3.7530663e+01, 1.1252744e+02, 1.8752425e+02, ..., 7.0002930e+04,
        7.0077906e+04, 7.0152883e+04],
       [3.7530479e+01, 1.1252726e+02, 1.8752408e+02, ..., 7.0002930e+04,
        7.0077906e+04, 7.0152891e+04],
       ...,
       [3.7531437e+01, 1.1252822e+02, 1.8752502e+02, ..., 7.0002930e+04,
        7.0077914e+04, 7.0152891e+04],
       [3.7531239e+01, 1.1252802e+02, 1.8752484e+02, ..., 7.0002930e+04,
        7.0077906e+04, 7.0152891e+04],
       [3.7531055e+01, 1.1252785e+02, 1.8752464e+02, ..., 7.0002938e+04,
        7.0077906e+04, 7.0152891e+04]], dtype=float32)

rays

(azimuth, range)

float32

0.19 0.19 0.19 ... 359.7 359.7

array([[1.9000000e-01, 1.9000000e-01, 1.9000000e-01, ..., 1.9000000e-01,
        1.9000000e-01, 1.9000000e-01],
       [6.8000001e-01, 6.8000001e-01, 6.8000001e-01, ..., 6.8000001e-01,
        6.8000001e-01, 6.8000001e-01],
       [1.1600000e+00, 1.1600000e+00, 1.1600000e+00, ..., 1.1600000e+00,
        1.1600000e+00, 1.1600000e+00],
       ...,
       [3.5866000e+02, 3.5866000e+02, 3.5866000e+02, ..., 3.5866000e+02,
        3.5866000e+02, 3.5866000e+02],
       [3.5917999e+02, 3.5917999e+02, 3.5917999e+02, ..., 3.5917999e+02,
        3.5917999e+02, 3.5917999e+02],
       [3.5966998e+02, 3.5966998e+02, 3.5966998e+02, ..., 3.5966998e+02,
        3.5966998e+02, 3.5966998e+02]], dtype=float32)

bins

(azimuth, range)

float32

37.5 112.5 ... 7.009e+04 7.016e+04

array([[3.75000e+01, 1.12500e+02, 1.87500e+02, ..., 7.00125e+04,
        7.00875e+04, 7.01625e+04],
       [3.75000e+01, 1.12500e+02, 1.87500e+02, ..., 7.00125e+04,
        7.00875e+04, 7.01625e+04],
       [3.75000e+01, 1.12500e+02, 1.87500e+02, ..., 7.00125e+04,
        7.00875e+04, 7.01625e+04],
       ...,
       [3.75000e+01, 1.12500e+02, 1.87500e+02, ..., 7.00125e+04,
        7.00875e+04, 7.01625e+04],
       [3.75000e+01, 1.12500e+02, 1.87500e+02, ..., 7.00125e+04,
        7.00875e+04, 7.01625e+04],
       [3.75000e+01, 1.12500e+02, 1.87500e+02, ..., 7.00125e+04,
        7.00875e+04, 7.01625e+04]], dtype=float32)

Attributes: (3)
long_name :
Equivalent reflectivity factor H
standard_name :
radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h
units :
dBZ

Create simple plot¶

Using xarray features a simple plot can be created like this. Note the sortby('rtime') method, which sorts the radials by time.

[42]:

swp.DBZH.sortby("rtime").plot(x="range", y="rtime", add_labels=False)

[42]:

<matplotlib.collections.QuadMesh at 0x7f63125a9300>

../../_images/notebooks_fileio_wradlib_furuno_backend_65_1.png

[43]:

fig = pl.figure(figsize=(5, 5))
pm = swp.DBZH.wradlib.plot_ppi(proj={"latmin": 3e3}, fig=fig)

../../_images/notebooks_fileio_wradlib_furuno_backend_66_0.png

Mask some values¶

[44]:

dbzh = swp["DBZH"].where(swp["DBZH"] >= 0)
dbzh.plot(x="x", y="y")

[44]:

<matplotlib.collections.QuadMesh at 0x7f631256e020>

../../_images/notebooks_fileio_wradlib_furuno_backend_68_1.png

[45]:

vol[0]

[45]:

<xarray.Dataset>
Dimensions:     (azimuth: 722, range: 936)
Coordinates:
  * azimuth     (azimuth) float32 0.19 0.68 1.16 1.69 ... 358.7 359.2 359.7
    elevation   (azimuth) float32 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 ... 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
  * range       (range) float32 37.5 112.5 187.5 ... 7.009e+04 7.016e+04
    time        datetime64[ns] 2022-03-24T00:00:01
    rtime       (azimuth) datetime64[ns] 2022-03-24T00:00:17.656439500 ... 20...
    longitude   float64 13.24
    latitude    float64 53.55
    altitude    float64 38.0
    sweep_mode  <U20 'azimuth_surveillance'
Data variables:
    RATE        (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    DBZH        (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    VRADH       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    ZDR         (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    KDP         (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    PHIDP       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    RHOHV       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    WRADH       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    QUAL        (azimuth, range) uint16 ...
Attributes:
    fixed_angle:  0.5

xarray.Dataset

Dimensions:
- azimuth: 722
- range: 936
Coordinates: (9)
- azimuth
  (azimuth)
  float32
  0.19 0.68 1.16 ... 359.2 359.7
  standard_name :
  ray_azimuth_angle
  long_name :
  azimuth_angle_from_true_north
  units :
  degrees
  axis :
  radial_azimuth_coordinate
  a1gate :
  292
  angle_res :
  0.5
```
array([1.9000e-01, 6.8000e-01, 1.1600e+00, ..., 3.5866e+02, 3.5918e+02,
       3.5967e+02], dtype=float32)
```
- elevation
  (azimuth)
  float32
  0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 ... 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
  standard_name :
  ray_elevation_angle
  long_name :
  elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane
  units :
  degrees
  axis :
  radial_elevation_coordinate
```
array([0.5, 0.5, 0.5, ..., 0.5, 0.5, 0.5], dtype=float32)
```
- range
  (range)
  float32
  37.5 112.5 ... 7.009e+04 7.016e+04
  units :
  meters
  standard_name :
  projection_range_coordinate
  long_name :
  range_to_measurement_volume
  spacing_is_constant :
  true
  axis :
  radial_range_coordinate
  meters_to_center_of_first_gate :
  37.5
  meters_between_gates :
  75
```
array([3.75000e+01, 1.12500e+02, 1.87500e+02, ..., 7.00125e+04, 7.00875e+04,
       7.01625e+04], dtype=float32)
```
- time
  ()
  datetime64[ns]
  2022-03-24T00:00:01
  standard_name :
  time
```
array('2022-03-24T00:00:01.000000000', dtype='datetime64[ns]')
```
- rtime
  (azimuth)
  datetime64[ns]
  2022-03-24T00:00:17.656439500 .....
  standard_name :
  time
```
array(['2022-03-24T00:00:17.656439500', '2022-03-24T00:00:17.695220500',
       '2022-03-24T00:00:17.734001500', ..., '2022-03-24T00:00:17.540096500',
       '2022-03-24T00:00:17.578877500', '2022-03-24T00:00:17.617658500'],
      dtype='datetime64[ns]')
```
- longitude
  ()
  float64
  13.24
  long_name :
  longitude
  units :
  degrees_east
  standard_name :
  longitude
```
array(13.24397)
```
- latitude
  ()
  float64
  53.55
  long_name :
  latitude
  units :
  degrees_north
  positive :
  up
  standard_name :
  latitude
```
array(53.55478)
```
- altitude
  ()
  float64
  38.0
  long_name :
  altitude
  units :
  meters
  standard_name :
  altitude
```
array(38.)
```
- sweep_mode
  ()
  <U20
  'azimuth_surveillance'
```
array('azimuth_surveillance', dtype='<U20')
```
Data variables: (9)
- RATE
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  rainfall_rate
  standard_name :
  rainfall_rate
  units :
  mm h-1
```
[675792 values with dtype=float32]
```
- DBZH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  Equivalent reflectivity factor H
  standard_name :
  radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h
  units :
  dBZ
```
[675792 values with dtype=float32]
```
- VRADH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  Radial velocity of scatterers away from instrument H
  standard_name :
  radial_velocity_of_scatterers_away_from_instrument_h
  units :
  meters per seconds
```
[675792 values with dtype=float32]
```
- ZDR
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  Log differential reflectivity H/V
  standard_name :
  radar_differential_reflectivity_hv
  units :
  dB
```
[675792 values with dtype=float32]
```
- KDP
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  Specific differential phase HV
  standard_name :
  radar_specific_differential_phase_hv
  units :
  degrees per kilometer
```
[675792 values with dtype=float32]
```
- PHIDP
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  Differential phase HV
  standard_name :
  radar_differential_phase_hv
  units :
  degrees
```
[675792 values with dtype=float32]
```
- RHOHV
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  Correlation coefficient HV
  standard_name :
  radar_correlation_coefficient_hv
  units :
  unitless
```
[675792 values with dtype=float32]
```
- WRADH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  Doppler spectrum width H
  standard_name :
  radar_doppler_spectrum_width_h
  units :
  meters per seconds
```
[675792 values with dtype=float32]
```
- QUAL
  (azimuth, range)
  uint16
  ...
```
[675792 values with dtype=uint16]
```
Attributes: (1)
fixed_angle :
0.5

Export to ODIM and CfRadial2¶

[46]:

vol[0].DBZH.sortby("rtime").plot(y="rtime")

[46]:

<matplotlib.collections.QuadMesh at 0x7f63123cdb10>

../../_images/notebooks_fileio_wradlib_furuno_backend_71_1.png

[47]:

vol.to_odim("furuno_scnx_as_odim.h5")
vol.to_cfradial2("furuno_scnx_as_cfradial2.nc")

Import again¶

[48]:

vola = wrl.io.open_odim_dataset(
    "furuno_scnx_as_odim.h5", reindex_angle=False, keep_elevation=True
)
display(vola.root)
display(vola[0])
vola[0].DBZH.sortby("rtime").plot(y="rtime")

<xarray.Dataset>
Dimensions:              (sweep: 1)
Coordinates:
    time                 datetime64[ns] 2022-03-24T00:00:01
    sweep_mode           <U20 'azimuth_surveillance'
    longitude            float64 13.24
    altitude             float64 38.0
    latitude             float64 53.55
Dimensions without coordinates: sweep
Data variables:
    volume_number        int64 0
    platform_type        <U5 'fixed'
    instrument_type      <U5 'radar'
    primary_axis         <U6 'axis_z'
    time_coverage_start  <U20 '2022-03-24T00:00:01Z'
    time_coverage_end    <U20 '2022-03-24T00:00:28Z'
    sweep_group_name     (sweep) <U7 'sweep_0'
    sweep_fixed_angle    (sweep) float64 0.5
Attributes:
    version:          None
    title:            None
    institution:      None
    references:       None
    source:           None
    history:          None
    comment:          im/exported using wradlib
    instrument_name:  None
    fixed_angle:      0.5

xarray.Dataset

Dimensions:
- sweep: 1
Coordinates: (5)
- time
  ()
  datetime64[ns]
  2022-03-24T00:00:01
  standard_name :
  time
```
array('2022-03-24T00:00:01.000000000', dtype='datetime64[ns]')
```
- sweep_mode
  ()
  <U20
  'azimuth_surveillance'
```
array('azimuth_surveillance', dtype='<U20')
```
- longitude
  ()
  float64
  13.24
  long_name :
  longitude
  units :
  degrees_east
  standard_name :
  longitude
```
array(13.24397)
```
- altitude
  ()
  float64
  38.0
  long_name :
  altitude
  units :
  meters
  standard_name :
  altitude
```
array(38.)
```
- latitude
  ()
  float64
  53.55
  long_name :
  latitude
  units :
  degrees_north
  positive :
  up
  standard_name :
  latitude
```
array(53.55478)
```
Data variables: (8)
- volume_number
  ()
  int64
  0
```
array(0)
```
- platform_type
  ()
  <U5
  'fixed'
```
array('fixed', dtype='<U5')
```
- instrument_type
  ()
  <U5
  'radar'
```
array('radar', dtype='<U5')
```
- primary_axis
  ()
  <U6
  'axis_z'
```
array('axis_z', dtype='<U6')
```
- time_coverage_start
  ()
  <U20
  '2022-03-24T00:00:01Z'
```
array('2022-03-24T00:00:01Z', dtype='<U20')
```
- time_coverage_end
  ()
  <U20
  '2022-03-24T00:00:28Z'
```
array('2022-03-24T00:00:28Z', dtype='<U20')
```
- sweep_group_name
  (sweep)
  <U7
  'sweep_0'
```
array(['sweep_0'], dtype='<U7')
```
- sweep_fixed_angle
  (sweep)
  float64
  0.5
```
array([0.5])
```
Attributes: (9)
version :
None
title :
None
institution :
None
references :
None
source :
None
history :
None
comment :
im/exported using wradlib
instrument_name :
None
fixed_angle :
0.5

<xarray.Dataset>
Dimensions:     (azimuth: 722, range: 936)
Coordinates:
  * azimuth     (azimuth) float32 0.19 0.68 1.16 1.69 ... 358.7 359.2 359.7
    elevation   (azimuth) float32 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 ... 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
    rtime       (azimuth) datetime64[ns] 2022-03-24T00:00:17.656439552 ... 20...
  * range       (range) float32 37.5 112.5 187.5 ... 7.009e+04 7.016e+04
    time        datetime64[ns] 2022-03-24T00:00:01
    sweep_mode  <U20 'azimuth_surveillance'
    longitude   float64 13.24
    latitude    float64 53.55
    altitude    float64 38.0
Data variables:
    RATE        (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    DBZH        (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    VRADH       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    ZDR         (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    KDP         (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    PHIDP       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    RHOHV       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    WRADH       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
Attributes:
    fixed_angle:  0.5

xarray.Dataset

Dimensions:
- azimuth: 722
- range: 936
Coordinates: (9)
- azimuth
  (azimuth)
  float32
  0.19 0.68 1.16 ... 359.2 359.7
  standard_name :
  ray_azimuth_angle
  long_name :
  azimuth_angle_from_true_north
  units :
  degrees
  axis :
  radial_azimuth_coordinate
  a1gate :
  293
  angle_res :
  0.5
```
array([1.9000e-01, 6.8000e-01, 1.1600e+00, ..., 3.5866e+02, 3.5918e+02,
       3.5967e+02], dtype=float32)
```
- elevation
  (azimuth)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  ray_elevation_angle
  long_name :
  elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane
  units :
  degrees
  axis :
  radial_elevation_coordinate
```
array([0.5, 0.5, 0.5, ..., 0.5, 0.5, 0.5], dtype=float32)
```
- rtime
  (azimuth)
  datetime64[ns]
  2022-03-24T00:00:17.656439552 .....
  standard_name :
  time
```
array(['2022-03-24T00:00:17.656439552', '2022-03-24T00:00:17.695220480',
       '2022-03-24T00:00:17.734001408', ..., '2022-03-24T00:00:17.540096512',
       '2022-03-24T00:00:17.578877440', '2022-03-24T00:00:17.617658624'],
      dtype='datetime64[ns]')
```
- range
  (range)
  float32
  37.5 112.5 ... 7.009e+04 7.016e+04
  units :
  meters
  standard_name :
  projection_range_coordinate
  long_name :
  range_to_measurement_volume
  spacing_is_constant :
  true
  axis :
  radial_range_coordinate
  meters_to_center_of_first_gate :
  37.5
  meters_between_gates :
  75.0
```
array([3.75000e+01, 1.12500e+02, 1.87500e+02, ..., 7.00125e+04, 7.00875e+04,
       7.01625e+04], dtype=float32)
```
- time
  ()
  datetime64[ns]
  2022-03-24T00:00:01
  standard_name :
  time
```
array('2022-03-24T00:00:01.000000000', dtype='datetime64[ns]')
```
- sweep_mode
  ()
  <U20
  ...
```
array('azimuth_surveillance', dtype='<U20')
```
- longitude
  ()
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  longitude
  units :
  degrees_east
  standard_name :
  longitude
```
array(13.24397)
```
- latitude
  ()
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  latitude
  units :
  degrees_north
  positive :
  up
  standard_name :
  latitude
```
array(53.55478)
```
- altitude
  ()
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  altitude
  units :
  meters
  standard_name :
  altitude
```
array(38.)
```
Data variables: (8)
- RATE
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  _Undetect :
  1.7976931348623157e+308
  long_name :
  rainfall_rate
  standard_name :
  rainfall_rate
  units :
  mm h-1
```
[675792 values with dtype=float32]
```
- DBZH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  _Undetect :
  1.7976931348623157e+308
  long_name :
  Equivalent reflectivity factor H
  standard_name :
  radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h
  units :
  dBZ
```
[675792 values with dtype=float32]
```
- VRADH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  _Undetect :
  1.7976931348623157e+308
  long_name :
  Radial velocity of scatterers away from instrument H
  standard_name :
  radial_velocity_of_scatterers_away_from_instrument_h
  units :
  meters per seconds
```
[675792 values with dtype=float32]
```
- ZDR
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  _Undetect :
  1.7976931348623157e+308
  long_name :
  Log differential reflectivity H/V
  standard_name :
  radar_differential_reflectivity_hv
  units :
  dB
```
[675792 values with dtype=float32]
```
- KDP
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  _Undetect :
  1.7976931348623157e+308
  long_name :
  Specific differential phase HV
  standard_name :
  radar_specific_differential_phase_hv
  units :
  degrees per kilometer
```
[675792 values with dtype=float32]
```
- PHIDP
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  _Undetect :
  1.7976931348623157e+308
  long_name :
  Differential phase HV
  standard_name :
  radar_differential_phase_hv
  units :
  degrees
```
[675792 values with dtype=float32]
```
- RHOHV
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  _Undetect :
  1.7976931348623157e+308
  long_name :
  Correlation coefficient HV
  standard_name :
  radar_correlation_coefficient_hv
  units :
  unitless
```
[675792 values with dtype=float32]
```
- WRADH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  _Undetect :
  1.7976931348623157e+308
  long_name :
  Doppler spectrum width H
  standard_name :
  radar_doppler_spectrum_width_h
  units :
  meters per seconds
```
[675792 values with dtype=float32]
```
Attributes: (1)
fixed_angle :
0.5

[48]:

<matplotlib.collections.QuadMesh at 0x7f6312a37190>

../../_images/notebooks_fileio_wradlib_furuno_backend_74_3.png

[49]:

volb = wrl.io.open_cfradial2_dataset("furuno_scnx_as_cfradial2.nc")
display(volb.root)
display(volb[0])
volb[0].DBZH.sortby("rtime").plot(y="rtime")

<xarray.Dataset>
Dimensions:              (sweep: 1)
Coordinates:
    longitude            float64 13.24
    altitude             float64 38.0
    sweep_mode           <U20 'azimuth_surveillance'
    time                 datetime64[ns] 2022-03-24T00:00:01
    latitude             float64 53.55
Dimensions without coordinates: sweep
Data variables:
    volume_number        int64 0
    platform_type        <U5 'fixed'
    instrument_type      <U5 'radar'
    primary_axis         <U6 'axis_z'
    time_coverage_start  <U20 '2022-03-24T00:00:01Z'
    time_coverage_end    <U20 '2022-03-24T00:00:28Z'
    sweep_group_name     (sweep) <U7 'sweep_0'
    sweep_fixed_angle    (sweep) float64 0.5
Attributes:
    version:          None
    title:            None
    institution:      None
    references:       None
    source:           None
    history:          None
    comment:          im/exported using wradlib
    instrument_name:  None
    fixed_angle:      0.5

xarray.Dataset

Dimensions:
- sweep: 1
Coordinates: (5)
- longitude
  ()
  float64
  13.24
  _FillValue :
  nan
  long_name :
  longitude
  units :
  degrees_east
  standard_name :
  longitude
```
array(13.24397)
```
- altitude
  ()
  float64
  38.0
  _FillValue :
  nan
  long_name :
  altitude
  units :
  meters
  standard_name :
  altitude
```
array(38.)
```
- sweep_mode
  ()
  <U20
  'azimuth_surveillance'
```
array('azimuth_surveillance', dtype='<U20')
```
- time
  ()
  datetime64[ns]
  2022-03-24T00:00:01
```
array('2022-03-24T00:00:01.000000000', dtype='datetime64[ns]')
```
- latitude
  ()
  float64
  53.55
  _FillValue :
  nan
  long_name :
  latitude
  units :
  degrees_north
  positive :
  up
  standard_name :
  latitude
```
array(53.55478)
```
Data variables: (8)
- volume_number
  ()
  int64
  0
```
array(0)
```
- platform_type
  ()
  <U5
  'fixed'
```
array('fixed', dtype='<U5')
```
- instrument_type
  ()
  <U5
  'radar'
```
array('radar', dtype='<U5')
```
- primary_axis
  ()
  <U6
  'axis_z'
```
array('axis_z', dtype='<U6')
```
- time_coverage_start
  ()
  <U20
  '2022-03-24T00:00:01Z'
```
array('2022-03-24T00:00:01Z', dtype='<U20')
```
- time_coverage_end
  ()
  <U20
  '2022-03-24T00:00:28Z'
```
array('2022-03-24T00:00:28Z', dtype='<U20')
```
- sweep_group_name
  (sweep)
  <U7
  'sweep_0'
```
array(['sweep_0'], dtype='<U7')
```
- sweep_fixed_angle
  (sweep)
  float64
  0.5
```
array([0.5])
```
Attributes: (9)
version :
None
title :
None
institution :
None
references :
None
source :
None
history :
None
comment :
im/exported using wradlib
instrument_name :
None
fixed_angle :
0.5

<xarray.Dataset>
Dimensions:     (azimuth: 722, range: 936)
Coordinates:
  * azimuth     (azimuth) float32 0.19 0.68 1.16 1.69 ... 358.7 359.2 359.7
    elevation   (azimuth) float32 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 ... 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
  * range       (range) float32 37.5 112.5 187.5 ... 7.009e+04 7.016e+04
    rtime       (azimuth) datetime64[ns] 2022-03-24T00:00:17.656439500 ... 20...
    longitude   float64 13.24
    latitude    float64 53.55
    altitude    float64 38.0
    sweep_mode  <U20 'azimuth_surveillance'
    time        datetime64[ns] 2022-03-24T00:00:01
Data variables:
    RATE        (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    DBZH        (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    VRADH       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    ZDR         (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    KDP         (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    PHIDP       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    RHOHV       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    WRADH       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    QUAL        (azimuth, range) uint16 ...
Attributes:
    fixed_angle:  0.5

xarray.Dataset

Dimensions:
- azimuth: 722
- range: 936
Coordinates: (9)
- azimuth
  (azimuth)
  float32
  0.19 0.68 1.16 ... 359.2 359.7
  standard_name :
  ray_azimuth_angle
  long_name :
  azimuth_angle_from_true_north
  units :
  degrees
  axis :
  radial_azimuth_coordinate
  a1gate :
  292
  angle_res :
  0.5
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
array([1.9000e-01, 6.8000e-01, 1.1600e+00, ..., 3.5866e+02, 3.5918e+02,
       3.5967e+02], dtype=float32)
```
- elevation
  (azimuth)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  ray_elevation_angle
  long_name :
  elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane
  units :
  degrees
  axis :
  radial_elevation_coordinate
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
array([0.5, 0.5, 0.5, ..., 0.5, 0.5, 0.5], dtype=float32)
```
- range
  (range)
  float32
  37.5 112.5 ... 7.009e+04 7.016e+04
  units :
  meters
  standard_name :
  projection_range_coordinate
  long_name :
  range_to_measurement_volume
  spacing_is_constant :
  true
  axis :
  radial_range_coordinate
  meters_to_center_of_first_gate :
  37.5
  meters_between_gates :
  75
```
array([3.75000e+01, 1.12500e+02, 1.87500e+02, ..., 7.00125e+04, 7.00875e+04,
       7.01625e+04], dtype=float32)
```
- rtime
  (azimuth)
  datetime64[ns]
  2022-03-24T00:00:17.656439500 .....
  standard_name :
  time
```
array(['2022-03-24T00:00:17.656439500', '2022-03-24T00:00:17.695220500',
       '2022-03-24T00:00:17.734001500', ..., '2022-03-24T00:00:17.540096500',
       '2022-03-24T00:00:17.578877500', '2022-03-24T00:00:17.617658500'],
      dtype='datetime64[ns]')
```
- longitude
  ()
  float64
  ...
  _FillValue :
  nan
  long_name :
  longitude
  units :
  degrees_east
  standard_name :
  longitude
```
array(13.24397)
```
- latitude
  ()
  float64
  ...
  _FillValue :
  nan
  long_name :
  latitude
  units :
  degrees_north
  positive :
  up
  standard_name :
  latitude
```
array(53.55478)
```
- altitude
  ()
  float64
  ...
  _FillValue :
  nan
  long_name :
  altitude
  units :
  meters
  standard_name :
  altitude
```
array(38.)
```
- sweep_mode
  ()
  <U20
  ...
```
array('azimuth_surveillance', dtype='<U20')
```
- time
  ()
  datetime64[ns]
  2022-03-24T00:00:01
```
array('2022-03-24T00:00:01.000000000', dtype='datetime64[ns]')
```
Data variables: (9)
- RATE
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  rainfall_rate
  standard_name :
  rainfall_rate
  units :
  mm h-1
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[675792 values with dtype=float32]
```
- DBZH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  Equivalent reflectivity factor H
  standard_name :
  radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h
  units :
  dBZ
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[675792 values with dtype=float32]
```
- VRADH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  Radial velocity of scatterers away from instrument H
  standard_name :
  radial_velocity_of_scatterers_away_from_instrument_h
  units :
  meters per seconds
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[675792 values with dtype=float32]
```
- ZDR
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  Log differential reflectivity H/V
  standard_name :
  radar_differential_reflectivity_hv
  units :
  dB
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[675792 values with dtype=float32]
```
- KDP
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  Specific differential phase HV
  standard_name :
  radar_specific_differential_phase_hv
  units :
  degrees per kilometer
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[675792 values with dtype=float32]
```
- PHIDP
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  Differential phase HV
  standard_name :
  radar_differential_phase_hv
  units :
  degrees
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[675792 values with dtype=float32]
```
- RHOHV
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  Correlation coefficient HV
  standard_name :
  radar_correlation_coefficient_hv
  units :
  unitless
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[675792 values with dtype=float32]
```
- WRADH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  Doppler spectrum width H
  standard_name :
  radar_doppler_spectrum_width_h
  units :
  meters per seconds
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[675792 values with dtype=float32]
```
- QUAL
  (azimuth, range)
  uint16
  ...
  coordinates :
  elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode
```
[675792 values with dtype=uint16]
```
Attributes: (1)
fixed_angle :
0.5

[49]:

<matplotlib.collections.QuadMesh at 0x7f63123513f0>

../../_images/notebooks_fileio_wradlib_furuno_backend_75_3.png

Check equality¶

We have to drop the time variable when checking equality since IRIS has millisecond resolution.

[50]:

xr.testing.assert_allclose(vol.root.drop("time"), vola.root.drop("time"))
xr.testing.assert_allclose(
    vol[0].drop(["rtime", "time", "QUAL"]), vola[0].drop(["rtime", "time"])
)
xr.testing.assert_allclose(vol.root.drop("time"), volb.root.drop("time"))
# xr.testing.assert_allclose(vol[0].drop("time"), volb[0].drop("time"))
xr.testing.assert_allclose(vola.root, volb.root)
xr.testing.assert_allclose(vola[0].drop("rtime"), volb[0].drop(["rtime", "QUAL"]))

More Furuno loading mechanisms¶

Use `xr.open_dataset` to retrieve explicit group¶

[51]:

swp = xr.open_dataset(
    f, engine="furuno", group=1, backend_kwargs=dict(reindex_angle=False)
)
display(swp)

<xarray.Dataset>
Dimensions:     (azimuth: 722, range: 936)
Coordinates:
  * azimuth     (azimuth) float32 0.19 0.68 1.16 1.69 ... 358.7 359.2 359.7
    elevation   (azimuth) float32 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 ... 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
  * range       (range) float32 37.5 112.5 187.5 ... 7.009e+04 7.016e+04
    time        datetime64[ns] 2022-03-24T00:00:01
    rtime       (azimuth) datetime64[ns] 2022-03-24T00:00:17.656439500 ... 20...
    longitude   float64 13.24
    latitude    float64 53.55
    altitude    float64 38.0
    sweep_mode  <U20 'azimuth_surveillance'
Data variables:
    RATE        (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    DBZH        (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    VRADH       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    ZDR         (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    KDP         (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    PHIDP       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    RHOHV       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    WRADH       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    QUAL        (azimuth, range) uint16 ...
Attributes:
    fixed_angle:  0.5

xarray.Dataset

Dimensions:
- azimuth: 722
- range: 936
Coordinates: (9)
- azimuth
  (azimuth)
  float32
  0.19 0.68 1.16 ... 359.2 359.7
  standard_name :
  ray_azimuth_angle
  long_name :
  azimuth_angle_from_true_north
  units :
  degrees
  axis :
  radial_azimuth_coordinate
  a1gate :
  292
  angle_res :
  0.5
```
array([1.9000e-01, 6.8000e-01, 1.1600e+00, ..., 3.5866e+02, 3.5918e+02,
       3.5967e+02], dtype=float32)
```
- elevation
  (azimuth)
  float32
  ...
  standard_name :
  ray_elevation_angle
  long_name :
  elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane
  units :
  degrees
  axis :
  radial_elevation_coordinate
```
array([0.5, 0.5, 0.5, ..., 0.5, 0.5, 0.5], dtype=float32)
```
- range
  (range)
  float32
  37.5 112.5 ... 7.009e+04 7.016e+04
  units :
  meters
  standard_name :
  projection_range_coordinate
  long_name :
  range_to_measurement_volume
  spacing_is_constant :
  true
  axis :
  radial_range_coordinate
  meters_to_center_of_first_gate :
  37.5
  meters_between_gates :
  75
```
array([3.75000e+01, 1.12500e+02, 1.87500e+02, ..., 7.00125e+04, 7.00875e+04,
       7.01625e+04], dtype=float32)
```
- time
  ()
  datetime64[ns]
  ...
  standard_name :
  time
```
array('2022-03-24T00:00:01.000000000', dtype='datetime64[ns]')
```
- rtime
  (azimuth)
  datetime64[ns]
  ...
  standard_name :
  time
```
array(['2022-03-24T00:00:17.656439500', '2022-03-24T00:00:17.695220500',
       '2022-03-24T00:00:17.734001500', ..., '2022-03-24T00:00:17.540096500',
       '2022-03-24T00:00:17.578877500', '2022-03-24T00:00:17.617658500'],
      dtype='datetime64[ns]')
```
- longitude
  ()
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  longitude
  units :
  degrees_east
  standard_name :
  longitude
```
array(13.24397)
```
- latitude
  ()
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  latitude
  units :
  degrees_north
  positive :
  up
  standard_name :
  latitude
```
array(53.55478)
```
- altitude
  ()
  float64
  ...
  long_name :
  altitude
  units :
  meters
  standard_name :
  altitude
```
array(38.)
```
- sweep_mode
  ()
  <U20
  ...
```
array('azimuth_surveillance', dtype='<U20')
```
Data variables: (9)
- RATE
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  rainfall_rate
  standard_name :
  rainfall_rate
  units :
  mm h-1
```
[675792 values with dtype=float32]
```
- DBZH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  Equivalent reflectivity factor H
  standard_name :
  radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h
  units :
  dBZ
```
[675792 values with dtype=float32]
```
- VRADH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  Radial velocity of scatterers away from instrument H
  standard_name :
  radial_velocity_of_scatterers_away_from_instrument_h
  units :
  meters per seconds
```
[675792 values with dtype=float32]
```
- ZDR
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  Log differential reflectivity H/V
  standard_name :
  radar_differential_reflectivity_hv
  units :
  dB
```
[675792 values with dtype=float32]
```
- KDP
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  Specific differential phase HV
  standard_name :
  radar_specific_differential_phase_hv
  units :
  degrees per kilometer
```
[675792 values with dtype=float32]
```
- PHIDP
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  Differential phase HV
  standard_name :
  radar_differential_phase_hv
  units :
  degrees
```
[675792 values with dtype=float32]
```
- RHOHV
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  Correlation coefficient HV
  standard_name :
  radar_correlation_coefficient_hv
  units :
  unitless
```
[675792 values with dtype=float32]
```
- WRADH
  (azimuth, range)
  float32
  ...
  long_name :
  Doppler spectrum width H
  standard_name :
  radar_doppler_spectrum_width_h
  units :
  meters per seconds
```
[675792 values with dtype=float32]
```
- QUAL
  (azimuth, range)
  uint16
  ...
```
[675792 values with dtype=uint16]
```
Attributes: (1)
fixed_angle :
0.5

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xarray furuno backend¶

Load furuno scn Data¶

Inspect RadarVolume¶

Inspect root group¶

Inspect sweep group(s)¶

Goereferencing¶

Plotting¶

Inspect radar moments¶

Create simple plot¶

Mask some values¶

Export to ODIM and CfRadial2¶

Import again¶

Check equality¶

More Furuno loading mechanisms¶

Use xr.open_dataset to retrieve explicit group¶

Load furuno scnx Data¶

Inspect RadarVolume¶

Inspect root group¶

Inspect sweep group(s)¶

Goereferencing¶

Plotting¶

Inspect radar moments¶

Create simple plot¶

Mask some values¶

Export to ODIM and CfRadial2¶

Import again¶

Check equality¶

More Furuno loading mechanisms¶

Use xr.open_dataset to retrieve explicit group¶

Use `xr.open_dataset` to retrieve explicit group¶

Use `xr.open_dataset` to retrieve explicit group¶