xarray furuno backend

In this example, we read scn/scnx (furuno) data files using the wradlib furuno xarray backend.

Furuno Weather Radars generate binary files. The binary version depend on the radar type. This reader is able to consume SCN (format version 3) and SCNX (format version 10) files.

Uncompressed files are read via numpy.memmap with lazy-loading mechanism. Gzip compressed files are are opened, read into memory and processed using numpy.frombuffer.

Radar moments are read as packed data with 16-bit resolution and output as 32bit-floating point data.

import glob
import gzip
import io
import wradlib as wrl
import warnings

warnings.filterwarnings("ignore")
import matplotlib.pyplot as pl
import numpy as np
import xarray as xr

try:
    get_ipython().magic("matplotlib inline")
except:
    pl.ion()

/home/runner/micromamba-root/envs/wradlib-notebooks/lib/python3.11/site-packages/tqdm/auto.py:22: TqdmWarning: IProgress not found. Please update jupyter and ipywidgets. See https://ipywidgets.readthedocs.io/en/stable/user_install.html
  from .autonotebook import tqdm as notebook_tqdm

Load furuno scn Data

Data provided by University of Graz, Austria.

fpath = "furuno/0080_20210730_160000_01_02.scn.gz"
f = wrl.util.get_wradlib_data_file(fpath)
vol = wrl.io.open_furuno_dataset(f, reindex_angle=False)

Inspect RadarVolume

display(vol)

<wradlib.RadarVolume>
Dimension(s): (sweep: 1)
Elevation(s): (7.8)

Inspect root group

The sweep dimension contains the number of scans in this radar volume. Further the dataset consists of variables (location coordinates, time_coverage) and attributes (Conventions, metadata).

vol.root

<xarray.Dataset>
Dimensions:              (sweep: 1)
Coordinates:
    time                 datetime64[ns] 2021-07-30T16:00:00
    longitude            float64 15.45
    altitude             float64 407.9
    sweep_mode           <U20 'azimuth_surveillance'
    latitude             float64 47.08
Dimensions without coordinates: sweep
Data variables:
    volume_number        int64 0
    platform_type        <U5 'fixed'
    instrument_type      <U5 'radar'
    primary_axis         <U6 'axis_z'
    time_coverage_start  <U20 '2021-07-30T16:00:00Z'
    time_coverage_end    <U20 '2021-07-30T16:00:14Z'
    sweep_group_name     (sweep) <U7 'sweep_0'
    sweep_fixed_angle    (sweep) float64 7.8
Attributes:
    version:          None
    title:            None
    institution:      None
    references:       None
    source:           None
    history:          None
    comment:          im/exported using wradlib
    instrument_name:  None
    fixed_angle:      7.8

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • sweep: 1
• Coordinates: (5)
  • time
    ()
    datetime64[ns]
    2021-07-30T16:00:00

    standard_name :

    time

    array('2021-07-30T16:00:00.000000000', dtype='datetime64[ns]')

  • longitude
    ()
    float64
    15.45

    long_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    standard_name :

    longitude

    array(15.44729)

  • altitude
    ()
    float64
    407.9

    long_name :

    altitude

    units :

    meters

    standard_name :

    altitude

    array(407.9)

  • sweep_mode
    ()
    <U20
    'azimuth_surveillance'

    array('azimuth_surveillance', dtype='<U20')

  • latitude
    ()
    float64
    47.08

    long_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    positive :

    up

    standard_name :

    latitude

    array(47.07734)

• Data variables: (8)
  • volume_number
    ()
    int64
    0

    array(0)

  • platform_type
    ()
    <U5
    'fixed'

    array('fixed', dtype='<U5')

  • instrument_type
    ()
    <U5
    'radar'

    array('radar', dtype='<U5')

  • primary_axis
    ()
    <U6
    'axis_z'

    array('axis_z', dtype='<U6')

  • time_coverage_start
    ()
    <U20
    '2021-07-30T16:00:00Z'

    array('2021-07-30T16:00:00Z', dtype='<U20')

  • time_coverage_end
    ()
    <U20
    '2021-07-30T16:00:14Z'

    array('2021-07-30T16:00:14Z', dtype='<U20')

  • sweep_group_name
    (sweep)
    <U7
    'sweep_0'

    array(['sweep_0'], dtype='<U7')

  • sweep_fixed_angle
    (sweep)
    float64
    7.8

    array([7.8])

• Indexes: (0)
• Attributes: (9)

  version :

  None

  title :

  None

  institution :

  None

  references :

  None

  source :

  None

  history :

  None

  comment :

  im/exported using wradlib

  instrument_name :

  None

  fixed_angle :

  7.8

Inspect sweep group(s)

The sweep-groups can be accessed via their respective keys. The dimensions consist of range and time with added coordinates azimuth, elevation, range and time. There will be variables like radar moments (DBZH etc.) and sweep-dependend metadata (like fixed_angle, sweep_mode etc.).

display(vol[0])

<xarray.Dataset>
Dimensions:     (azimuth: 1376, range: 602)
Coordinates:
  * azimuth     (azimuth) float64 0.21 0.47 0.74 1.0 ... 359.2 359.4 359.7 359.9
    elevation   (azimuth) float64 ...
  * range       (range) float32 25.0 75.0 125.0 ... 3.002e+04 3.008e+04
    time        datetime64[ns] 2021-07-30T16:00:00
    rtime       (azimuth) datetime64[ns] 2021-07-30T16:00:06.277723500 ... 20...
    longitude   float64 ...
    latitude    float64 ...
    altitude    float64 ...
    sweep_mode  <U20 ...
Data variables:
    RATE        (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    DBZH        (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    VRADH       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    ZDR         (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    KDP         (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    PHIDP       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    RHOHV       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    WRADH       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    QUAL        (azimuth, range) uint16 ...
Attributes:
    fixed_angle:  7.8

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • azimuth: 1376
  • range: 602
• Coordinates: (9)
  • azimuth
    (azimuth)
    float64
    0.21 0.47 0.74 ... 359.7 359.9

    standard_name :

    ray_azimuth_angle

    long_name :

    azimuth_angle_from_true_north

    units :

    degrees

    axis :

    radial_azimuth_coordinate

    a1gate :

    796

    angle_res :

    0.26

    array([2.1000e-01, 4.7000e-01, 7.4000e-01, ..., 3.5942e+02, 3.5968e+02,
           3.5994e+02])

  • elevation
    (azimuth)
    float64
    ...

    standard_name :

    ray_elevation_angle

    long_name :

    elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane

    units :

    degrees

    axis :

    radial_elevation_coordinate

    [1376 values with dtype=float64]

  • range
    (range)
    float32
    25.0 75.0 ... 3.002e+04 3.008e+04

    units :

    meters

    standard_name :

    projection_range_coordinate

    long_name :

    range_to_measurement_volume

    spacing_is_constant :

    true

    axis :

    radial_range_coordinate

    meters_to_center_of_first_gate :

    25.0

    meters_between_gates :

    50.0

    array([2.5000e+01, 7.5000e+01, 1.2500e+02, ..., 2.9975e+04, 3.0025e+04,
           3.0075e+04], dtype=float32)

  • time
    ()
    datetime64[ns]
    2021-07-30T16:00:00

    standard_name :

    time

    array('2021-07-30T16:00:00.000000000', dtype='datetime64[ns]')

  • rtime
    (azimuth)
    datetime64[ns]
    2021-07-30T16:00:06.277723500 .....

    standard_name :

    time

    array(['2021-07-30T16:00:06.277723500', '2021-07-30T16:00:06.288556500',
           '2021-07-30T16:00:06.299389500', ..., '2021-07-30T16:00:06.245224500',
           '2021-07-30T16:00:06.256057500', '2021-07-30T16:00:06.266890500'],
          dtype='datetime64[ns]')

  • longitude
    ()
    float64
    ...

    long_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    standard_name :

    longitude

    [1 values with dtype=float64]

  • latitude
    ()
    float64
    ...

    long_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    positive :

    up

    standard_name :

    latitude

    [1 values with dtype=float64]

  • altitude
    ()
    float64
    ...

    long_name :

    altitude

    units :

    meters

    standard_name :

    altitude

    [1 values with dtype=float64]

  • sweep_mode
    ()
    <U20
    ...

    [1 values with dtype=<U20]

• Data variables: (9)
  • RATE
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    units :

    mm h-1

    standard_name :

    rainfall_rate

    long_name :

    rainfall_rate

    [828352 values with dtype=float32]

  • DBZH
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    units :

    dBZ

    standard_name :

    radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h

    long_name :

    Equivalent reflectivity factor H

    [828352 values with dtype=float32]

  • VRADH
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    units :

    meters per seconds

    standard_name :

    radial_velocity_of_scatterers_away_from_instrument_h

    long_name :

    Radial velocity of scatterers away from instrument H

    [828352 values with dtype=float32]

  • ZDR
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    units :

    dB

    standard_name :

    radar_differential_reflectivity_hv

    long_name :

    Log differential reflectivity H/V

    [828352 values with dtype=float32]

  • KDP
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    units :

    degrees per kilometer

    standard_name :

    radar_specific_differential_phase_hv

    long_name :

    Specific differential phase HV

    [828352 values with dtype=float32]

  • PHIDP
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    units :

    degrees

    standard_name :

    radar_differential_phase_hv

    long_name :

    Differential phase HV

    [828352 values with dtype=float32]

  • RHOHV
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    units :

    unitless

    standard_name :

    radar_correlation_coefficient_hv

    long_name :

    Correlation coefficient HV

    [828352 values with dtype=float32]

  • WRADH
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    units :

    meters per seconds

    standard_name :

    radar_doppler_spectrum_width_h

    long_name :

    Doppler spectrum width H

    [828352 values with dtype=float32]

  • QUAL
    (azimuth, range)
    uint16
    ...

    [828352 values with dtype=uint16]

• Indexes: (2)
  • azimuth
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Float64Index([               0.21, 0.47000000000000003,                0.74,
                                  1.0,                1.26,                1.53,
                                 1.79,                2.05,                2.32,
                                 2.58,
                  ...
                               357.62,              357.88,              358.14,
                               358.41,              358.67,              358.93,
                                359.2,              359.42,              359.68,
                               359.94],
                 dtype='float64', name='azimuth', length=1376))

  • range
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Float64Index([   25.0,    75.0,   125.0,   175.0,   225.0,   275.0,   325.0,
                    375.0,   425.0,   475.0,
                  ...
                  29625.0, 29675.0, 29725.0, 29775.0, 29825.0, 29875.0, 29925.0,
                  29975.0, 30025.0, 30075.0],
                 dtype='float64', name='range', length=602))

• Attributes: (1)

  fixed_angle :

  7.8

Goereferencing

swp = vol[0].copy().pipe(wrl.georef.georeference_dataset)

Plotting

Currently the data dynamic range is left as read from the file. That way the difference between shortpulse and longpulse can be clearly seen.

swp.DBZH.plot.pcolormesh(x="x", y="y")
pl.gca().set_aspect("equal")

fig = pl.figure(figsize=(10, 10))
swp.DBZH.wradlib.plot_ppi(proj="cg", fig=fig)

<matplotlib.collections.QuadMesh at 0x7fd8f92ea350>

import cartopy
import cartopy.crs as ccrs
import cartopy.feature as cfeature

map_trans = ccrs.AzimuthalEquidistant(
    central_latitude=swp.latitude.values, central_longitude=swp.longitude.values
)

map_proj = ccrs.AzimuthalEquidistant(
    central_latitude=swp.latitude.values, central_longitude=swp.longitude.values
)
pm = swp.DBZH.wradlib.plot_ppi(proj=map_proj)
ax = pl.gca()
ax.gridlines(crs=map_proj)
print(ax)

< GeoAxes: +proj=aeqd +ellps=WGS84 +lon_0=15.44729 +lat_0=47.07734000000001 +x_0=0.0 +y_0=0.0 +no_defs +type=crs >

map_proj = ccrs.Mercator(central_longitude=swp.longitude.values)
fig = pl.figure(figsize=(10, 8))
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection=map_proj)
pm = swp.DBZH.wradlib.plot_ppi(ax=ax)
ax.gridlines(draw_labels=True)

<cartopy.mpl.gridliner.Gridliner at 0x7fd8f81d0c90>

import cartopy.feature as cfeature


def plot_rivers(ax):
    rivers = cfeature.NaturalEarthFeature(
        category="physical",
        name="rivers_lake_centerlines",
        scale="10m",
        facecolor="none",
    )
    ax.add_feature(rivers, edgecolor="blue", lw=2, zorder=4)


map_proj = ccrs.Mercator(central_longitude=swp.longitude.values)
fig = pl.figure(figsize=(10, 8))
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection=map_proj)

DBZH = swp.DBZH
pm = DBZH.where(DBZH > 0).wradlib.plot_ppi(ax=ax)
plot_rivers(ax)
ax.gridlines(draw_labels=True)

<cartopy.mpl.gridliner.Gridliner at 0x7fd8f1fe9d10>

import matplotlib.path as mpath

theta = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi, 100)
center, radius = [0.5, 0.5], 0.5
verts = np.vstack([np.sin(theta), np.cos(theta)]).T
circle = mpath.Path(verts * radius + center)

map_proj = ccrs.AzimuthalEquidistant(
    central_latitude=swp.latitude.values,
    central_longitude=swp.longitude.values,
)
fig = pl.figure(figsize=(10, 8))
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection=map_proj)
ax.set_boundary(circle, transform=ax.transAxes)

pm = swp.DBZH.wradlib.plot_ppi(proj=map_proj, ax=ax)
ax = pl.gca()
ax.gridlines(crs=map_proj)

<cartopy.mpl.gridliner.Gridliner at 0x7fd8f925d110>

fig = pl.figure(figsize=(10, 8))
proj = ccrs.AzimuthalEquidistant(
    central_latitude=swp.latitude.values, central_longitude=swp.longitude.values
)
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection=proj)
pm = swp.DBZH.wradlib.plot_ppi(ax=ax)
ax.gridlines()

<cartopy.mpl.gridliner.Gridliner at 0x7fd8f1e5fa10>

swp.DBZH.wradlib.plot_ppi()

<matplotlib.collections.QuadMesh at 0x7fd8f1ea0c50>

Inspect radar moments

The DataArrays can be accessed by key or by attribute. Each DataArray has dimensions and coordinates of it’s parent dataset.

display(swp.DBZH)

<xarray.DataArray 'DBZH' (azimuth: 1376, range: 602)>
array([[       nan,        nan,        nan, ..., -70.70001 , -70.19    ,
        -70.07001 ],
       [       nan,        nan,        nan, ..., -70.98999 , -70.28    ,
        -70.26999 ],
       [       nan,        nan,        nan, ..., -70.78    , -70.26001 ,
        -70.31    ],
       ...,
       [       nan,        nan,        nan, ..., -70.04001 , -70.389984,
        -69.369995],
       [       nan,        nan,        nan, ..., -69.81    , -70.17001 ,
        -69.600006],
       [       nan,        nan,        nan, ..., -69.95999 , -69.98999 ,
        -69.98001 ]], dtype=float32)
Coordinates: (12/15)
  * azimuth     (azimuth) float64 0.21 0.47 0.74 1.0 ... 359.2 359.4 359.7 359.9
    elevation   (azimuth) float64 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8 ... 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8
  * range       (range) float32 25.0 75.0 125.0 ... 3.002e+04 3.008e+04
    time        datetime64[ns] 2021-07-30T16:00:00
    rtime       (azimuth) datetime64[ns] 2021-07-30T16:00:06.277723500 ... 20...
    longitude   float64 15.45
    ...          ...
    x           (azimuth, range) float64 0.09078 0.2723 0.4539 ... -31.13 -31.19
    y           (azimuth, range) float64 24.77 74.3 ... 2.973e+04 2.978e+04
    z           (azimuth, range) float64 411.4 418.2 ... 4.535e+03 4.542e+03
    gr          (azimuth, range) float64 24.77 74.3 ... 2.973e+04 2.978e+04
    rays        (azimuth, range) float64 0.21 0.21 0.21 ... 359.9 359.9 359.9
    bins        (azimuth, range) float32 25.0 75.0 125.0 ... 3.002e+04 3.008e+04
Attributes:
    units:          dBZ
    standard_name:  radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h
    long_name:      Equivalent reflectivity factor H

xarray.DataArray

'DBZH'

• azimuth: 1376
• range: 602

• nan nan nan -51.38 17.26 29.38 ... -70.16 -70.13 -69.96 -69.99 -69.98

  array([[       nan,        nan,        nan, ..., -70.70001 , -70.19    ,
          -70.07001 ],
         [       nan,        nan,        nan, ..., -70.98999 , -70.28    ,
          -70.26999 ],
         [       nan,        nan,        nan, ..., -70.78    , -70.26001 ,
          -70.31    ],
         ...,
         [       nan,        nan,        nan, ..., -70.04001 , -70.389984,
          -69.369995],
         [       nan,        nan,        nan, ..., -69.81    , -70.17001 ,
          -69.600006],
         [       nan,        nan,        nan, ..., -69.95999 , -69.98999 ,
          -69.98001 ]], dtype=float32)

• Coordinates: (15)
  • azimuth
    (azimuth)
    float64
    0.21 0.47 0.74 ... 359.7 359.9

    standard_name :

    ray_azimuth_angle

    long_name :

    azimuth_angle_from_true_north

    units :

    degrees

    axis :

    radial_azimuth_coordinate

    a1gate :

    796

    angle_res :

    0.26

    array([2.1000e-01, 4.7000e-01, 7.4000e-01, ..., 3.5942e+02, 3.5968e+02,
           3.5994e+02])

  • elevation
    (azimuth)
    float64
    7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8 ... 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8

    standard_name :

    ray_elevation_angle

    long_name :

    elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane

    units :

    degrees

    axis :

    radial_elevation_coordinate

    array([7.8, 7.8, 7.8, ..., 7.8, 7.8, 7.8])

  • range
    (range)
    float32
    25.0 75.0 ... 3.002e+04 3.008e+04

    units :

    meters

    standard_name :

    projection_range_coordinate

    long_name :

    range_to_measurement_volume

    spacing_is_constant :

    true

    axis :

    radial_range_coordinate

    meters_to_center_of_first_gate :

    25.0

    meters_between_gates :

    50.0

    array([2.5000e+01, 7.5000e+01, 1.2500e+02, ..., 2.9975e+04, 3.0025e+04,
           3.0075e+04], dtype=float32)

  • time
    ()
    datetime64[ns]
    2021-07-30T16:00:00

    standard_name :

    time

    array('2021-07-30T16:00:00.000000000', dtype='datetime64[ns]')

  • rtime
    (azimuth)
    datetime64[ns]
    2021-07-30T16:00:06.277723500 .....

    standard_name :

    time

    array(['2021-07-30T16:00:06.277723500', '2021-07-30T16:00:06.288556500',
           '2021-07-30T16:00:06.299389500', ..., '2021-07-30T16:00:06.245224500',
           '2021-07-30T16:00:06.256057500', '2021-07-30T16:00:06.266890500'],
          dtype='datetime64[ns]')

  • longitude
    ()
    float64
    15.45

    long_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    standard_name :

    longitude

    array(15.44729)

  • latitude
    ()
    float64
    47.08

    long_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    positive :

    up

    standard_name :

    latitude

    array(47.07734)

  • altitude
    ()
    float64
    407.9

    long_name :

    altitude

    units :

    meters

    standard_name :

    altitude

    array(407.9)

  • sweep_mode
    ()
    <U20
    'azimuth_surveillance'

    array('azimuth_surveillance', dtype='<U20')

  • x
    (azimuth, range)
    float64
    0.09078 0.2723 ... -31.13 -31.19

    array([[ 9.07774093e-02,  2.72332010e-01,  4.53886321e-01, ...,
             1.08789583e+02,  1.08970964e+02,  1.09152338e+02],
           [ 2.03166664e-01,  6.09499504e-01,  1.01583169e+00, ...,
             2.43479262e+02,  2.43885206e+02,  2.44291135e+02],
           [ 3.19874122e-01,  9.59621600e-01,  1.59936806e+00, ...,
             3.83343968e+02,  3.83983104e+02,  3.84622216e+02],
           ...,
           [-2.50714838e-01, -7.52143914e-01, -1.25357219e+00, ...,
            -3.00462008e+02, -3.00962957e+02, -3.01463888e+02],
           [-1.38327071e-01, -4.14980882e-01, -6.91634251e-01, ...,
            -1.65774112e+02, -1.66050501e+02, -1.66326880e+02],
           [-2.59364560e-02, -7.78093057e-02, -1.29682073e-01, ...,
            -3.10828018e+01, -3.11346251e+01, -3.11864464e+01]])

  • y
    (azimuth, range)
    float64
    24.77 74.3 ... 2.973e+04 2.978e+04

    array([[2.47673292e+01, 7.43019283e+01, 1.23836448e+02, ...,
            2.96816954e+04, 2.97311826e+04, 2.97806680e+04],
           [2.47666623e+01, 7.42999274e+01, 1.23833113e+02, ...,
            2.96808961e+04, 2.97303820e+04, 2.97798661e+04],
           [2.47654299e+01, 7.42962303e+01, 1.23826951e+02, ...,
            2.96794192e+04, 2.97289026e+04, 2.97783842e+04],
           ...,
           [2.47662266e+01, 7.42986204e+01, 1.23830935e+02, ...,
            2.96803740e+04, 2.97298590e+04, 2.97793422e+04],
           [2.47671093e+01, 7.43012685e+01, 1.23835348e+02, ...,
            2.96814318e+04, 2.97309186e+04, 2.97804036e+04],
           [2.47674820e+01, 7.43023866e+01, 1.23837212e+02, ...,
            2.96818785e+04, 2.97313660e+04, 2.97808517e+04]])

  • z
    (azimuth, range)
    float64
    411.4 418.2 ... 4.535e+03 4.542e+03

    array([[ 411.44423774,  418.23001095,  425.01577848, ..., 4527.99112445,
            4534.7734848 , 4542.0496652 ],
           [ 411.44423774,  418.23001095,  425.01577848, ..., 4527.99112445,
            4534.7734848 , 4542.0496652 ],
           [ 411.44423774,  418.23001095,  425.01577848, ..., 4527.99112445,
            4534.7734848 , 4542.0496652 ],
           ...,
           [ 411.44423774,  418.23001095,  425.01577848, ..., 4527.99112445,
            4534.7734848 , 4542.0496652 ],
           [ 411.44423774,  418.23001095,  425.01577848, ..., 4527.99112445,
            4534.7734848 , 4542.0496652 ],
           [ 411.44423774,  418.23001095,  425.01577848, ..., 4527.99112445,
            4534.7734848 , 4542.0496652 ]])

  • gr
    (azimuth, range)
    float64
    24.77 74.3 ... 2.973e+04 2.978e+04

    array([[2.47698744e+01, 7.43048062e+01, 1.23839659e+02, ...,
            2.96818971e+04, 2.97313847e+04, 2.97808704e+04],
           [2.47698803e+01, 7.43048120e+01, 1.23839665e+02, ...,
            2.96818972e+04, 2.97313847e+04, 2.97808704e+04],
           [2.47698863e+01, 7.43048180e+01, 1.23839671e+02, ...,
            2.96818972e+04, 2.97313847e+04, 2.97808704e+04],
           ...,
           [2.47698564e+01, 7.43047881e+01, 1.23839641e+02, ...,
            2.96818971e+04, 2.97313847e+04, 2.97808704e+04],
           [2.47698624e+01, 7.43047941e+01, 1.23839647e+02, ...,
            2.96818971e+04, 2.97313847e+04, 2.97808704e+04],
           [2.47698683e+01, 7.43048000e+01, 1.23839653e+02, ...,
            2.96818971e+04, 2.97313847e+04, 2.97808704e+04]])

  • rays
    (azimuth, range)
    float64
    0.21 0.21 0.21 ... 359.9 359.9

    array([[2.1000e-01, 2.1000e-01, 2.1000e-01, ..., 2.1000e-01, 2.1000e-01,
            2.1000e-01],
           [4.7000e-01, 4.7000e-01, 4.7000e-01, ..., 4.7000e-01, 4.7000e-01,
            4.7000e-01],
           [7.4000e-01, 7.4000e-01, 7.4000e-01, ..., 7.4000e-01, 7.4000e-01,
            7.4000e-01],
           ...,
           [3.5942e+02, 3.5942e+02, 3.5942e+02, ..., 3.5942e+02, 3.5942e+02,
            3.5942e+02],
           [3.5968e+02, 3.5968e+02, 3.5968e+02, ..., 3.5968e+02, 3.5968e+02,
            3.5968e+02],
           [3.5994e+02, 3.5994e+02, 3.5994e+02, ..., 3.5994e+02, 3.5994e+02,
            3.5994e+02]])

  • bins
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    25.0 75.0 ... 3.002e+04 3.008e+04

    array([[2.5000e+01, 7.5000e+01, 1.2500e+02, ..., 2.9975e+04, 3.0025e+04,
            3.0075e+04],
           [2.5000e+01, 7.5000e+01, 1.2500e+02, ..., 2.9975e+04, 3.0025e+04,
            3.0075e+04],
           [2.5000e+01, 7.5000e+01, 1.2500e+02, ..., 2.9975e+04, 3.0025e+04,
            3.0075e+04],
           ...,
           [2.5000e+01, 7.5000e+01, 1.2500e+02, ..., 2.9975e+04, 3.0025e+04,
            3.0075e+04],
           [2.5000e+01, 7.5000e+01, 1.2500e+02, ..., 2.9975e+04, 3.0025e+04,
            3.0075e+04],
           [2.5000e+01, 7.5000e+01, 1.2500e+02, ..., 2.9975e+04, 3.0025e+04,
            3.0075e+04]], dtype=float32)

• Indexes: (2)
  • azimuth
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Float64Index([               0.21, 0.47000000000000003,                0.74,
                                  1.0,                1.26,                1.53,
                                 1.79,                2.05,                2.32,
                                 2.58,
                  ...
                               357.62,              357.88,              358.14,
                               358.41,              358.67,              358.93,
                                359.2,              359.42,              359.68,
                               359.94],
                 dtype='float64', name='azimuth', length=1376))

  • range
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Float64Index([   25.0,    75.0,   125.0,   175.0,   225.0,   275.0,   325.0,
                    375.0,   425.0,   475.0,
                  ...
                  29625.0, 29675.0, 29725.0, 29775.0, 29825.0, 29875.0, 29925.0,
                  29975.0, 30025.0, 30075.0],
                 dtype='float64', name='range', length=602))

• Attributes: (3)

  units :

  dBZ

  standard_name :

  radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h

  long_name :

  Equivalent reflectivity factor H

Create simple plot

Using xarray features a simple plot can be created like this. Note the sortby('rtime') method, which sorts the radials by time.

swp.DBZH.sortby("rtime").plot(x="range", y="rtime", add_labels=False)

<matplotlib.collections.QuadMesh at 0x7fd8f1ee9890>

fig = pl.figure(figsize=(5, 5))
pm = swp.DBZH.wradlib.plot_ppi(proj={"latmin": 3e3}, fig=fig)

Mask some values

dbzh = swp["DBZH"].where(swp["DBZH"] >= 0)
dbzh.plot(x="x", y="y")

<matplotlib.collections.QuadMesh at 0x7fd8f1c3bf10>

vol[0]

<xarray.Dataset>
Dimensions:     (azimuth: 1376, range: 602)
Coordinates:
  * azimuth     (azimuth) float64 0.21 0.47 0.74 1.0 ... 359.2 359.4 359.7 359.9
    elevation   (azimuth) float64 ...
  * range       (range) float32 25.0 75.0 125.0 ... 3.002e+04 3.008e+04
    time        datetime64[ns] 2021-07-30T16:00:00
    rtime       (azimuth) datetime64[ns] 2021-07-30T16:00:06.277723500 ... 20...
    longitude   float64 ...
    latitude    float64 ...
    altitude    float64 ...
    sweep_mode  <U20 ...
Data variables:
    RATE        (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    DBZH        (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    VRADH       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    ZDR         (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    KDP         (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    PHIDP       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    RHOHV       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    WRADH       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    QUAL        (azimuth, range) uint16 ...
Attributes:
    fixed_angle:  7.8

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • azimuth: 1376
  • range: 602
• Coordinates: (9)
  • azimuth
    (azimuth)
    float64
    0.21 0.47 0.74 ... 359.7 359.9

    standard_name :

    ray_azimuth_angle

    long_name :

    azimuth_angle_from_true_north

    units :

    degrees

    axis :

    radial_azimuth_coordinate

    a1gate :

    796

    angle_res :

    0.26

    array([2.1000e-01, 4.7000e-01, 7.4000e-01, ..., 3.5942e+02, 3.5968e+02,
           3.5994e+02])

  • elevation
    (azimuth)
    float64
    ...

    standard_name :

    ray_elevation_angle

    long_name :

    elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane

    units :

    degrees

    axis :

    radial_elevation_coordinate

    [1376 values with dtype=float64]

  • range
    (range)
    float32
    25.0 75.0 ... 3.002e+04 3.008e+04

    units :

    meters

    standard_name :

    projection_range_coordinate

    long_name :

    range_to_measurement_volume

    spacing_is_constant :

    true

    axis :

    radial_range_coordinate

    meters_to_center_of_first_gate :

    25.0

    meters_between_gates :

    50.0

    array([2.5000e+01, 7.5000e+01, 1.2500e+02, ..., 2.9975e+04, 3.0025e+04,
           3.0075e+04], dtype=float32)

  • time
    ()
    datetime64[ns]
    2021-07-30T16:00:00

    standard_name :

    time

    array('2021-07-30T16:00:00.000000000', dtype='datetime64[ns]')

  • rtime
    (azimuth)
    datetime64[ns]
    2021-07-30T16:00:06.277723500 .....

    standard_name :

    time

    array(['2021-07-30T16:00:06.277723500', '2021-07-30T16:00:06.288556500',
           '2021-07-30T16:00:06.299389500', ..., '2021-07-30T16:00:06.245224500',
           '2021-07-30T16:00:06.256057500', '2021-07-30T16:00:06.266890500'],
          dtype='datetime64[ns]')

  • longitude
    ()
    float64
    ...

    long_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    standard_name :

    longitude

    [1 values with dtype=float64]

  • latitude
    ()
    float64
    ...

    long_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    positive :

    up

    standard_name :

    latitude

    [1 values with dtype=float64]

  • altitude
    ()
    float64
    ...

    long_name :

    altitude

    units :

    meters

    standard_name :

    altitude

    [1 values with dtype=float64]

  • sweep_mode
    ()
    <U20
    ...

    [1 values with dtype=<U20]

• Data variables: (9)
  • RATE
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    units :

    mm h-1

    standard_name :

    rainfall_rate

    long_name :

    rainfall_rate

    [828352 values with dtype=float32]

  • DBZH
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    units :

    dBZ

    standard_name :

    radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h

    long_name :

    Equivalent reflectivity factor H

    [828352 values with dtype=float32]

  • VRADH
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    units :

    meters per seconds

    standard_name :

    radial_velocity_of_scatterers_away_from_instrument_h

    long_name :

    Radial velocity of scatterers away from instrument H

    [828352 values with dtype=float32]

  • ZDR
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    units :

    dB

    standard_name :

    radar_differential_reflectivity_hv

    long_name :

    Log differential reflectivity H/V

    [828352 values with dtype=float32]

  • KDP
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    units :

    degrees per kilometer

    standard_name :

    radar_specific_differential_phase_hv

    long_name :

    Specific differential phase HV

    [828352 values with dtype=float32]

  • PHIDP
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    units :

    degrees

    standard_name :

    radar_differential_phase_hv

    long_name :

    Differential phase HV

    [828352 values with dtype=float32]

  • RHOHV
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    units :

    unitless

    standard_name :

    radar_correlation_coefficient_hv

    long_name :

    Correlation coefficient HV

    [828352 values with dtype=float32]

  • WRADH
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    units :

    meters per seconds

    standard_name :

    radar_doppler_spectrum_width_h

    long_name :

    Doppler spectrum width H

    [828352 values with dtype=float32]

  • QUAL
    (azimuth, range)
    uint16
    ...

    [828352 values with dtype=uint16]

• Indexes: (2)
  • azimuth
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Float64Index([               0.21, 0.47000000000000003,                0.74,
                                  1.0,                1.26,                1.53,
                                 1.79,                2.05,                2.32,
                                 2.58,
                  ...
                               357.62,              357.88,              358.14,
                               358.41,              358.67,              358.93,
                                359.2,              359.42,              359.68,
                               359.94],
                 dtype='float64', name='azimuth', length=1376))

  • range
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Float64Index([   25.0,    75.0,   125.0,   175.0,   225.0,   275.0,   325.0,
                    375.0,   425.0,   475.0,
                  ...
                  29625.0, 29675.0, 29725.0, 29775.0, 29825.0, 29875.0, 29925.0,
                  29975.0, 30025.0, 30075.0],
                 dtype='float64', name='range', length=602))

• Attributes: (1)

  fixed_angle :

  7.8

Export to ODIM and CfRadial2

vol[0].DBZH.sortby("rtime").plot(y="rtime")

<matplotlib.collections.QuadMesh at 0x7fd8f1c8f450>

vol.to_odim("furuno_scn_as_odim.h5")
vol.to_cfradial2("furuno_scn_as_cfradial2.nc")

Import again

vola = wrl.io.open_odim_dataset(
    "furuno_scn_as_odim.h5", reindex_angle=False, keep_elevation=True
)
display(vola.root)
display(vola[0])
vola[0].DBZH.sortby("rtime").plot(y="rtime")

<xarray.Dataset>
Dimensions:              (sweep: 1)
Coordinates:
    time                 datetime64[ns] 2021-07-30T16:00:00
    sweep_mode           <U20 'azimuth_surveillance'
    longitude            float64 15.45
    altitude             float64 407.9
    latitude             float64 47.08
Dimensions without coordinates: sweep
Data variables:
    volume_number        int64 0
    platform_type        <U5 'fixed'
    instrument_type      <U5 'radar'
    primary_axis         <U6 'axis_z'
    time_coverage_start  <U20 '2021-07-30T16:00:00Z'
    time_coverage_end    <U20 '2021-07-30T16:00:14Z'
    sweep_group_name     (sweep) <U7 'sweep_0'
    sweep_fixed_angle    (sweep) float64 7.8
Attributes:
    version:          None
    title:            None
    institution:      None
    references:       None
    source:           None
    history:          None
    comment:          im/exported using wradlib
    instrument_name:  None
    fixed_angle:      7.8

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • sweep: 1
• Coordinates: (5)
  • time
    ()
    datetime64[ns]
    2021-07-30T16:00:00

    standard_name :

    time

    array('2021-07-30T16:00:00.000000000', dtype='datetime64[ns]')

  • sweep_mode
    ()
    <U20
    'azimuth_surveillance'

    array('azimuth_surveillance', dtype='<U20')

  • longitude
    ()
    float64
    15.45

    long_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    standard_name :

    longitude

    array(15.44729)

  • altitude
    ()
    float64
    407.9

    long_name :

    altitude

    units :

    meters

    standard_name :

    altitude

    array(407.9)

  • latitude
    ()
    float64
    47.08

    long_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    positive :

    up

    standard_name :

    latitude

    array(47.07734)

• Data variables: (8)
  • volume_number
    ()
    int64
    0

    array(0)

  • platform_type
    ()
    <U5
    'fixed'

    array('fixed', dtype='<U5')

  • instrument_type
    ()
    <U5
    'radar'

    array('radar', dtype='<U5')

  • primary_axis
    ()
    <U6
    'axis_z'

    array('axis_z', dtype='<U6')

  • time_coverage_start
    ()
    <U20
    '2021-07-30T16:00:00Z'

    array('2021-07-30T16:00:00Z', dtype='<U20')

  • time_coverage_end
    ()
    <U20
    '2021-07-30T16:00:14Z'

    array('2021-07-30T16:00:14Z', dtype='<U20')

  • sweep_group_name
    (sweep)
    <U7
    'sweep_0'

    array(['sweep_0'], dtype='<U7')

  • sweep_fixed_angle
    (sweep)
    float64
    7.8

    array([7.8])

• Indexes: (0)
• Attributes: (9)

  version :

  None

  title :

  None

  institution :

  None

  references :

  None

  source :

  None

  history :

  None

  comment :

  im/exported using wradlib

  instrument_name :

  None

  fixed_angle :

  7.8

<xarray.Dataset>
Dimensions:     (azimuth: 1376, range: 602)
Coordinates:
  * azimuth     (azimuth) float64 0.21 0.47 0.74 1.0 ... 359.2 359.4 359.7 359.9
    elevation   (azimuth) float64 ...
    rtime       (azimuth) datetime64[ns] 2021-07-30T16:00:06.277723392 ... 20...
  * range       (range) float32 25.0 75.0 125.0 ... 3.002e+04 3.008e+04
    time        datetime64[ns] 2021-07-30T16:00:00
    sweep_mode  <U20 ...
    longitude   float64 ...
    latitude    float64 ...
    altitude    float64 ...
Data variables:
    RATE        (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    DBZH        (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    VRADH       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    ZDR         (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    KDP         (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    PHIDP       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    RHOHV       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    WRADH       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
Attributes:
    fixed_angle:  7.8

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • azimuth: 1376
  • range: 602
• Coordinates: (9)
  • azimuth
    (azimuth)
    float64
    0.21 0.47 0.74 ... 359.7 359.9

    standard_name :

    ray_azimuth_angle

    long_name :

    azimuth_angle_from_true_north

    units :

    degrees

    axis :

    radial_azimuth_coordinate

    a1gate :

    797

    angle_res :

    0.26

    array([2.1000e-01, 4.7000e-01, 7.4000e-01, ..., 3.5942e+02, 3.5968e+02,
           3.5994e+02])

  • elevation
    (azimuth)
    float64
    ...

    standard_name :

    ray_elevation_angle

    long_name :

    elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane

    units :

    degrees

    axis :

    radial_elevation_coordinate

    [1376 values with dtype=float64]

  • rtime
    (azimuth)
    datetime64[ns]
    2021-07-30T16:00:06.277723392 .....

    standard_name :

    time

    array(['2021-07-30T16:00:06.277723392', '2021-07-30T16:00:06.288556544',
           '2021-07-30T16:00:06.299389440', ..., '2021-07-30T16:00:06.245224448',
           '2021-07-30T16:00:06.256057600', '2021-07-30T16:00:06.266890496'],
          dtype='datetime64[ns]')

  • range
    (range)
    float32
    25.0 75.0 ... 3.002e+04 3.008e+04

    units :

    meters

    standard_name :

    projection_range_coordinate

    long_name :

    range_to_measurement_volume

    spacing_is_constant :

    true

    axis :

    radial_range_coordinate

    meters_to_center_of_first_gate :

    25.0

    meters_between_gates :

    50.0

    array([2.5000e+01, 7.5000e+01, 1.2500e+02, ..., 2.9975e+04, 3.0025e+04,
           3.0075e+04], dtype=float32)

  • time
    ()
    datetime64[ns]
    2021-07-30T16:00:00

    standard_name :

    time

    array('2021-07-30T16:00:00.000000000', dtype='datetime64[ns]')

  • sweep_mode
    ()
    <U20
    ...

    [1 values with dtype=<U20]

  • longitude
    ()
    float64
    ...

    long_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    standard_name :

    longitude

    [1 values with dtype=float64]

  • latitude
    ()
    float64
    ...

    long_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    positive :

    up

    standard_name :

    latitude

    [1 values with dtype=float64]

  • altitude
    ()
    float64
    ...

    long_name :

    altitude

    units :

    meters

    standard_name :

    altitude

    [1 values with dtype=float64]

• Data variables: (8)
  • RATE
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    _Undetect :

    1.7976931348623157e+308

    units :

    mm h-1

    standard_name :

    rainfall_rate

    long_name :

    rainfall_rate

    [828352 values with dtype=float32]

  • DBZH
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    _Undetect :

    1.7976931348623157e+308

    units :

    dBZ

    standard_name :

    radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h

    long_name :

    Equivalent reflectivity factor H

    [828352 values with dtype=float32]

  • VRADH
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    _Undetect :

    1.7976931348623157e+308

    units :

    meters per seconds

    standard_name :

    radial_velocity_of_scatterers_away_from_instrument_h

    long_name :

    Radial velocity of scatterers away from instrument H

    [828352 values with dtype=float32]

  • ZDR
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    _Undetect :

    1.7976931348623157e+308

    units :

    dB

    standard_name :

    radar_differential_reflectivity_hv

    long_name :

    Log differential reflectivity H/V

    [828352 values with dtype=float32]

  • KDP
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    _Undetect :

    1.7976931348623157e+308

    units :

    degrees per kilometer

    standard_name :

    radar_specific_differential_phase_hv

    long_name :

    Specific differential phase HV

    [828352 values with dtype=float32]

  • PHIDP
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    _Undetect :

    1.7976931348623157e+308

    units :

    degrees

    standard_name :

    radar_differential_phase_hv

    long_name :

    Differential phase HV

    [828352 values with dtype=float32]

  • RHOHV
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    _Undetect :

    1.7976931348623157e+308

    units :

    unitless

    standard_name :

    radar_correlation_coefficient_hv

    long_name :

    Correlation coefficient HV

    [828352 values with dtype=float32]

  • WRADH
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    _Undetect :

    1.7976931348623157e+308

    units :

    meters per seconds

    standard_name :

    radar_doppler_spectrum_width_h

    long_name :

    Doppler spectrum width H

    [828352 values with dtype=float32]

• Indexes: (2)
  • azimuth
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Float64Index([0.20999999999999996,  0.4700000000000001,                0.74,
                                  1.0,                1.26,                1.53,
                                 1.79,                2.05,                2.32,
                                 2.58,
                  ...
                               357.62,              357.88,              358.14,
                               358.41,              358.67,              358.93,
                                359.2,              359.42,              359.68,
                               359.94],
                 dtype='float64', name='azimuth', length=1376))

  • range
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Float64Index([   25.0,    75.0,   125.0,   175.0,   225.0,   275.0,   325.0,
                    375.0,   425.0,   475.0,
                  ...
                  29625.0, 29675.0, 29725.0, 29775.0, 29825.0, 29875.0, 29925.0,
                  29975.0, 30025.0, 30075.0],
                 dtype='float64', name='range', length=602))

• Attributes: (1)

  fixed_angle :

  7.8

<matplotlib.collections.QuadMesh at 0x7fd901303c90>

volb = wrl.io.open_cfradial2_dataset("furuno_scn_as_cfradial2.nc")
display(volb.root)
display(volb[0])
volb[0].DBZH.sortby("rtime").plot(y="rtime")

<xarray.Dataset>
Dimensions:              (sweep: 1)
Coordinates:
    longitude            float64 15.45
    altitude             float64 407.9
    sweep_mode           <U20 'azimuth_surveillance'
    time                 datetime64[ns] 2021-07-30T16:00:00
    latitude             float64 47.08
Dimensions without coordinates: sweep
Data variables:
    volume_number        int64 0
    platform_type        <U5 'fixed'
    instrument_type      <U5 'radar'
    primary_axis         <U6 'axis_z'
    time_coverage_start  <U20 '2021-07-30T16:00:00Z'
    time_coverage_end    <U20 '2021-07-30T16:00:14Z'
    sweep_group_name     (sweep) <U7 'sweep_0'
    sweep_fixed_angle    (sweep) float64 7.8
Attributes:
    version:          None
    title:            None
    institution:      None
    references:       None
    source:           None
    history:          None
    comment:          im/exported using wradlib
    instrument_name:  None
    fixed_angle:      7.8

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • sweep: 1
• Coordinates: (5)
  • longitude
    ()
    float64
    15.45

    long_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    standard_name :

    longitude

    array(15.44729)

  • altitude
    ()
    float64
    407.9

    long_name :

    altitude

    units :

    meters

    standard_name :

    altitude

    array(407.9)

  • sweep_mode
    ()
    <U20
    'azimuth_surveillance'

    array('azimuth_surveillance', dtype='<U20')

  • time
    ()
    datetime64[ns]
    2021-07-30T16:00:00

    array('2021-07-30T16:00:00.000000000', dtype='datetime64[ns]')

  • latitude
    ()
    float64
    47.08

    long_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    positive :

    up

    standard_name :

    latitude

    array(47.07734)

• Data variables: (8)
  • volume_number
    ()
    int64
    0

    array(0)

  • platform_type
    ()
    <U5
    'fixed'

    array('fixed', dtype='<U5')

  • instrument_type
    ()
    <U5
    'radar'

    array('radar', dtype='<U5')

  • primary_axis
    ()
    <U6
    'axis_z'

    array('axis_z', dtype='<U6')

  • time_coverage_start
    ()
    <U20
    '2021-07-30T16:00:00Z'

    array('2021-07-30T16:00:00Z', dtype='<U20')

  • time_coverage_end
    ()
    <U20
    '2021-07-30T16:00:14Z'

    array('2021-07-30T16:00:14Z', dtype='<U20')

  • sweep_group_name
    (sweep)
    <U7
    'sweep_0'

    array(['sweep_0'], dtype='<U7')

  • sweep_fixed_angle
    (sweep)
    float64
    7.8

    array([7.8])

• Indexes: (0)
• Attributes: (9)

  version :

  None

  title :

  None

  institution :

  None

  references :

  None

  source :

  None

  history :

  None

  comment :

  im/exported using wradlib

  instrument_name :

  None

  fixed_angle :

  7.8

<xarray.Dataset>
Dimensions:     (azimuth: 1376, range: 602)
Coordinates:
  * azimuth     (azimuth) float64 0.21 0.47 0.74 1.0 ... 359.2 359.4 359.7 359.9
    elevation   (azimuth) float64 ...
  * range       (range) float32 25.0 75.0 125.0 ... 3.002e+04 3.008e+04
    rtime       (azimuth) datetime64[ns] 2021-07-30T16:00:06.277723500 ... 20...
    longitude   float64 ...
    latitude    float64 ...
    altitude    float64 ...
    sweep_mode  <U20 ...
    time        datetime64[ns] 2021-07-30T16:00:00
Data variables:
    RATE        (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    DBZH        (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    VRADH       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    ZDR         (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    KDP         (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    PHIDP       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    RHOHV       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    WRADH       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    QUAL        (azimuth, range) uint16 ...
Attributes:
    fixed_angle:  7.8

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • azimuth: 1376
  • range: 602
• Coordinates: (9)
  • azimuth
    (azimuth)
    float64
    0.21 0.47 0.74 ... 359.7 359.9

    standard_name :

    ray_azimuth_angle

    long_name :

    azimuth_angle_from_true_north

    units :

    degrees

    axis :

    radial_azimuth_coordinate

    a1gate :

    796

    angle_res :

    0.26

    coordinates :

    elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode

    array([2.1000e-01, 4.7000e-01, 7.4000e-01, ..., 3.5942e+02, 3.5968e+02,
           3.5994e+02])

  • elevation
    (azimuth)
    float64
    ...

    standard_name :

    ray_elevation_angle

    long_name :

    elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane

    units :

    degrees

    axis :

    radial_elevation_coordinate

    coordinates :

    elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode

    [1376 values with dtype=float64]

  • range
    (range)
    float32
    25.0 75.0 ... 3.002e+04 3.008e+04

    units :

    meters

    standard_name :

    projection_range_coordinate

    long_name :

    range_to_measurement_volume

    spacing_is_constant :

    true

    axis :

    radial_range_coordinate

    meters_to_center_of_first_gate :

    25.0

    meters_between_gates :

    50.0

    array([2.5000e+01, 7.5000e+01, 1.2500e+02, ..., 2.9975e+04, 3.0025e+04,
           3.0075e+04], dtype=float32)

  • rtime
    (azimuth)
    datetime64[ns]
    2021-07-30T16:00:06.277723500 .....

    standard_name :

    time

    array(['2021-07-30T16:00:06.277723500', '2021-07-30T16:00:06.288556500',
           '2021-07-30T16:00:06.299389500', ..., '2021-07-30T16:00:06.245224500',
           '2021-07-30T16:00:06.256057500', '2021-07-30T16:00:06.266890500'],
          dtype='datetime64[ns]')

  • longitude
    ()
    float64
    ...

    long_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    standard_name :

    longitude

    [1 values with dtype=float64]

  • latitude
    ()
    float64
    ...

    long_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    positive :

    up

    standard_name :

    latitude

    [1 values with dtype=float64]

  • altitude
    ()
    float64
    ...

    long_name :

    altitude

    units :

    meters

    standard_name :

    altitude

    [1 values with dtype=float64]

  • sweep_mode
    ()
    <U20
    ...

    [1 values with dtype=<U20]

  • time
    ()
    datetime64[ns]
    2021-07-30T16:00:00

    array('2021-07-30T16:00:00.000000000', dtype='datetime64[ns]')

• Data variables: (9)
  • RATE
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    units :

    mm h-1

    standard_name :

    rainfall_rate

    long_name :

    rainfall_rate

    coordinates :

    elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode

    [828352 values with dtype=float32]

  • DBZH
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    units :

    dBZ

    standard_name :

    radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h

    long_name :

    Equivalent reflectivity factor H

    coordinates :

    elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode

    [828352 values with dtype=float32]

  • VRADH
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    units :

    meters per seconds

    standard_name :

    radial_velocity_of_scatterers_away_from_instrument_h

    long_name :

    Radial velocity of scatterers away from instrument H

    coordinates :

    elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode

    [828352 values with dtype=float32]

  • ZDR
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    units :

    dB

    standard_name :

    radar_differential_reflectivity_hv

    long_name :

    Log differential reflectivity H/V

    coordinates :

    elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode

    [828352 values with dtype=float32]

  • KDP
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    units :

    degrees per kilometer

    standard_name :

    radar_specific_differential_phase_hv

    long_name :

    Specific differential phase HV

    coordinates :

    elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode

    [828352 values with dtype=float32]

  • PHIDP
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    units :

    degrees

    standard_name :

    radar_differential_phase_hv

    long_name :

    Differential phase HV

    coordinates :

    elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode

    [828352 values with dtype=float32]

  • RHOHV
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    units :

    unitless

    standard_name :

    radar_correlation_coefficient_hv

    long_name :

    Correlation coefficient HV

    coordinates :

    elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode

    [828352 values with dtype=float32]

  • WRADH
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    units :

    meters per seconds

    standard_name :

    radar_doppler_spectrum_width_h

    long_name :

    Doppler spectrum width H

    coordinates :

    elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode

    [828352 values with dtype=float32]

  • QUAL
    (azimuth, range)
    uint16
    ...

    coordinates :

    elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode

    [828352 values with dtype=uint16]

• Indexes: (2)
  • azimuth
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Float64Index([               0.21, 0.47000000000000003,                0.74,
                                  1.0,                1.26,                1.53,
                                 1.79,                2.05,                2.32,
                                 2.58,
                  ...
                               357.62,              357.88,              358.14,
                               358.41,              358.67,              358.93,
                                359.2,              359.42,              359.68,
                               359.94],
                 dtype='float64', name='azimuth', length=1376))

  • range
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Float64Index([   25.0,    75.0,   125.0,   175.0,   225.0,   275.0,   325.0,
                    375.0,   425.0,   475.0,
                  ...
                  29625.0, 29675.0, 29725.0, 29775.0, 29825.0, 29875.0, 29925.0,
                  29975.0, 30025.0, 30075.0],
                 dtype='float64', name='range', length=602))

• Attributes: (1)

  fixed_angle :

  7.8

<matplotlib.collections.QuadMesh at 0x7fd8f1ad34d0>

Check equality

We have to drop the time variable when checking equality since IRIS has millisecond resolution.

xr.testing.assert_allclose(vol.root.drop("time"), vola.root.drop("time"))
xr.testing.assert_allclose(
    vol[0].drop(["rtime", "time", "QUAL"]), vola[0].drop(["rtime", "time"])
)
xr.testing.assert_allclose(vol.root.drop("time"), volb.root.drop("time"))
# xr.testing.assert_allclose(vol[0].drop("time"), volb[0].drop("time"))
xr.testing.assert_allclose(vola.root, volb.root)
xr.testing.assert_allclose(vola[0].drop("rtime"), volb[0].drop(["rtime", "QUAL"]))

More Furuno loading mechanisms

Use xr.open_dataset to retrieve explicit group

Warning

Since \(\omega radlib\) version 1.18 the xarray backend engines for polar radar data have been renamed and prepended with wradlib- (eg. furuno -> wradlib-furuno). This was necessary to avoid clashes with the new xradar-package, which will eventually replace the wradlib engines. Users have to make sure to check which engine to use for their use-case when using xarray.open_dataset. Users might install and test xradar, and check if it is already robust enough for their use-cases (by using xradar’s engine="furuno".

swp = xr.open_dataset(
    f, engine="wradlib-furuno", group=1, backend_kwargs=dict(reindex_angle=False)
)
display(swp)

<xarray.Dataset>
Dimensions:     (azimuth: 1376, range: 602)
Coordinates:
  * azimuth     (azimuth) float64 0.21 0.47 0.74 1.0 ... 359.2 359.4 359.7 359.9
    elevation   (azimuth) float64 ...
  * range       (range) float32 25.0 75.0 125.0 ... 3.002e+04 3.008e+04
    time        datetime64[ns] ...
    rtime       (azimuth) datetime64[ns] ...
    longitude   float64 ...
    latitude    float64 ...
    altitude    float64 ...
    sweep_mode  <U20 ...
Data variables:
    RATE        (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    DBZH        (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    VRADH       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    ZDR         (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    KDP         (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    PHIDP       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    RHOHV       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    WRADH       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    QUAL        (azimuth, range) uint16 ...
Attributes:
    fixed_angle:  7.8

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • azimuth: 1376
  • range: 602
• Coordinates: (9)
  • azimuth
    (azimuth)
    float64
    0.21 0.47 0.74 ... 359.7 359.9

    standard_name :

    ray_azimuth_angle

    long_name :

    azimuth_angle_from_true_north

    units :

    degrees

    axis :

    radial_azimuth_coordinate

    a1gate :

    796

    angle_res :

    0.26

    array([2.1000e-01, 4.7000e-01, 7.4000e-01, ..., 3.5942e+02, 3.5968e+02,
           3.5994e+02])

  • elevation
    (azimuth)
    float64
    ...

    standard_name :

    ray_elevation_angle

    long_name :

    elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane

    units :

    degrees

    axis :

    radial_elevation_coordinate

    [1376 values with dtype=float64]

  • range
    (range)
    float32
    25.0 75.0 ... 3.002e+04 3.008e+04

    units :

    meters

    standard_name :

    projection_range_coordinate

    long_name :

    range_to_measurement_volume

    spacing_is_constant :

    true

    axis :

    radial_range_coordinate

    meters_to_center_of_first_gate :

    25.0

    meters_between_gates :

    50.0

    array([2.5000e+01, 7.5000e+01, 1.2500e+02, ..., 2.9975e+04, 3.0025e+04,
           3.0075e+04], dtype=float32)

  • time
    ()
    datetime64[ns]
    ...

    standard_name :

    time

    [1 values with dtype=datetime64[ns]]

  • rtime
    (azimuth)
    datetime64[ns]
    ...

    standard_name :

    time

    [1376 values with dtype=datetime64[ns]]

  • longitude
    ()
    float64
    ...

    long_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    standard_name :

    longitude

    [1 values with dtype=float64]

  • latitude
    ()
    float64
    ...

    long_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    positive :

    up

    standard_name :

    latitude

    [1 values with dtype=float64]

  • altitude
    ()
    float64
    ...

    long_name :

    altitude

    units :

    meters

    standard_name :

    altitude

    [1 values with dtype=float64]

  • sweep_mode
    ()
    <U20
    ...

    [1 values with dtype=<U20]

• Data variables: (9)
  • RATE
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    units :

    mm h-1

    standard_name :

    rainfall_rate

    long_name :

    rainfall_rate

    [828352 values with dtype=float32]

  • DBZH
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    units :

    dBZ

    standard_name :

    radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h

    long_name :

    Equivalent reflectivity factor H

    [828352 values with dtype=float32]

  • VRADH
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    units :

    meters per seconds

    standard_name :

    radial_velocity_of_scatterers_away_from_instrument_h

    long_name :

    Radial velocity of scatterers away from instrument H

    [828352 values with dtype=float32]

  • ZDR
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    units :

    dB

    standard_name :

    radar_differential_reflectivity_hv

    long_name :

    Log differential reflectivity H/V

    [828352 values with dtype=float32]

  • KDP
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    units :

    degrees per kilometer

    standard_name :

    radar_specific_differential_phase_hv

    long_name :

    Specific differential phase HV

    [828352 values with dtype=float32]

  • PHIDP
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    units :

    degrees

    standard_name :

    radar_differential_phase_hv

    long_name :

    Differential phase HV

    [828352 values with dtype=float32]

  • RHOHV
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    units :

    unitless

    standard_name :

    radar_correlation_coefficient_hv

    long_name :

    Correlation coefficient HV

    [828352 values with dtype=float32]

  • WRADH
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    units :

    meters per seconds

    standard_name :

    radar_doppler_spectrum_width_h

    long_name :

    Doppler spectrum width H

    [828352 values with dtype=float32]

  • QUAL
    (azimuth, range)
    uint16
    ...

    [828352 values with dtype=uint16]

• Indexes: (2)
  • azimuth
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Float64Index([               0.21, 0.47000000000000003,                0.74,
                                  1.0,                1.26,                1.53,
                                 1.79,                2.05,                2.32,
                                 2.58,
                  ...
                               357.62,              357.88,              358.14,
                               358.41,              358.67,              358.93,
                                359.2,              359.42,              359.68,
                               359.94],
                 dtype='float64', name='azimuth', length=1376))

  • range
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Float64Index([   25.0,    75.0,   125.0,   175.0,   225.0,   275.0,   325.0,
                    375.0,   425.0,   475.0,
                  ...
                  29625.0, 29675.0, 29725.0, 29775.0, 29825.0, 29875.0, 29925.0,
                  29975.0, 30025.0, 30075.0],
                 dtype='float64', name='range', length=602))

• Attributes: (1)

  fixed_angle :

  7.8

Load furuno scnx Data

Data provided by GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences.

fpath = "furuno/2006_20220324_000000_000.scnx.gz"
f = wrl.util.get_wradlib_data_file(fpath)
vol = wrl.io.open_furuno_dataset(f, reindex_angle=False)

Inspect RadarVolume

display(vol)

<wradlib.RadarVolume>
Dimension(s): (sweep: 1)
Elevation(s): (0.5)

Inspect root group

The sweep dimension contains the number of scans in this radar volume. Further the dataset consists of variables (location coordinates, time_coverage) and attributes (Conventions, metadata).

vol.root

<xarray.Dataset>
Dimensions:              (sweep: 1)
Coordinates:
    time                 datetime64[ns] 2022-03-24T00:00:01
    longitude            float64 13.24
    altitude             float64 38.0
    sweep_mode           <U20 'azimuth_surveillance'
    latitude             float64 53.55
Dimensions without coordinates: sweep
Data variables:
    volume_number        int64 0
    platform_type        <U5 'fixed'
    instrument_type      <U5 'radar'
    primary_axis         <U6 'axis_z'
    time_coverage_start  <U20 '2022-03-24T00:00:01Z'
    time_coverage_end    <U20 '2022-03-24T00:00:28Z'
    sweep_group_name     (sweep) <U7 'sweep_0'
    sweep_fixed_angle    (sweep) float64 0.5
Attributes:
    version:          None
    title:            None
    institution:      None
    references:       None
    source:           None
    history:          None
    comment:          im/exported using wradlib
    instrument_name:  None
    fixed_angle:      0.5

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • sweep: 1
• Coordinates: (5)
  • time
    ()
    datetime64[ns]
    2022-03-24T00:00:01

    standard_name :

    time

    array('2022-03-24T00:00:01.000000000', dtype='datetime64[ns]')

  • longitude
    ()
    float64
    13.24

    long_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    standard_name :

    longitude

    array(13.24397)

  • altitude
    ()
    float64
    38.0

    long_name :

    altitude

    units :

    meters

    standard_name :

    altitude

    array(38.)

  • sweep_mode
    ()
    <U20
    'azimuth_surveillance'

    array('azimuth_surveillance', dtype='<U20')

  • latitude
    ()
    float64
    53.55

    long_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    positive :

    up

    standard_name :

    latitude

    array(53.55478)

• Data variables: (8)
  • volume_number
    ()
    int64
    0

    array(0)

  • platform_type
    ()
    <U5
    'fixed'

    array('fixed', dtype='<U5')

  • instrument_type
    ()
    <U5
    'radar'

    array('radar', dtype='<U5')

  • primary_axis
    ()
    <U6
    'axis_z'

    array('axis_z', dtype='<U6')

  • time_coverage_start
    ()
    <U20
    '2022-03-24T00:00:01Z'

    array('2022-03-24T00:00:01Z', dtype='<U20')

  • time_coverage_end
    ()
    <U20
    '2022-03-24T00:00:28Z'

    array('2022-03-24T00:00:28Z', dtype='<U20')

  • sweep_group_name
    (sweep)
    <U7
    'sweep_0'

    array(['sweep_0'], dtype='<U7')

  • sweep_fixed_angle
    (sweep)
    float64
    0.5

    array([0.5])

• Indexes: (0)
• Attributes: (9)

  version :

  None

  title :

  None

  institution :

  None

  references :

  None

  source :

  None

  history :

  None

  comment :

  im/exported using wradlib

  instrument_name :

  None

  fixed_angle :

  0.5

Inspect sweep group(s)

The sweep-groups can be accessed via their respective keys. The dimensions consist of range and time with added coordinates azimuth, elevation, range and time. There will be variables like radar moments (DBZH etc.) and sweep-dependend metadata (like fixed_angle, sweep_mode etc.).

display(vol[0])

<xarray.Dataset>
Dimensions:     (azimuth: 722, range: 936)
Coordinates:
  * azimuth     (azimuth) float64 0.19 0.68 1.16 1.69 ... 358.7 359.2 359.7
    elevation   (azimuth) float64 ...
  * range       (range) float32 37.5 112.5 187.5 ... 7.009e+04 7.016e+04
    time        datetime64[ns] 2022-03-24T00:00:01
    rtime       (azimuth) datetime64[ns] 2022-03-24T00:00:17.656439500 ... 20...
    longitude   float64 ...
    latitude    float64 ...
    altitude    float64 ...
    sweep_mode  <U20 ...
Data variables:
    RATE        (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    DBZH        (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    VRADH       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    ZDR         (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    KDP         (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    PHIDP       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    RHOHV       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    WRADH       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    QUAL        (azimuth, range) uint16 ...
Attributes:
    fixed_angle:  0.5

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • azimuth: 722
  • range: 936
• Coordinates: (9)
  • azimuth
    (azimuth)
    float64
    0.19 0.68 1.16 ... 359.2 359.7

    standard_name :

    ray_azimuth_angle

    long_name :

    azimuth_angle_from_true_north

    units :

    degrees

    axis :

    radial_azimuth_coordinate

    a1gate :

    292

    angle_res :

    0.5

    array([1.9000e-01, 6.8000e-01, 1.1600e+00, ..., 3.5866e+02, 3.5918e+02,
           3.5967e+02])

  • elevation
    (azimuth)
    float64
    ...

    standard_name :

    ray_elevation_angle

    long_name :

    elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane

    units :

    degrees

    axis :

    radial_elevation_coordinate

    [722 values with dtype=float64]

  • range
    (range)
    float32
    37.5 112.5 ... 7.009e+04 7.016e+04

    units :

    meters

    standard_name :

    projection_range_coordinate

    long_name :

    range_to_measurement_volume

    spacing_is_constant :

    true

    axis :

    radial_range_coordinate

    meters_to_center_of_first_gate :

    37.5

    meters_between_gates :

    75

    array([3.75000e+01, 1.12500e+02, 1.87500e+02, ..., 7.00125e+04, 7.00875e+04,
           7.01625e+04], dtype=float32)

  • time
    ()
    datetime64[ns]
    2022-03-24T00:00:01

    standard_name :

    time

    array('2022-03-24T00:00:01.000000000', dtype='datetime64[ns]')

  • rtime
    (azimuth)
    datetime64[ns]
    2022-03-24T00:00:17.656439500 .....

    standard_name :

    time

    array(['2022-03-24T00:00:17.656439500', '2022-03-24T00:00:17.695220500',
           '2022-03-24T00:00:17.734001500', ..., '2022-03-24T00:00:17.540096500',
           '2022-03-24T00:00:17.578877500', '2022-03-24T00:00:17.617658500'],
          dtype='datetime64[ns]')

  • longitude
    ()
    float64
    ...

    long_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    standard_name :

    longitude

    [1 values with dtype=float64]

  • latitude
    ()
    float64
    ...

    long_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    positive :

    up

    standard_name :

    latitude

    [1 values with dtype=float64]

  • altitude
    ()
    float64
    ...

    long_name :

    altitude

    units :

    meters

    standard_name :

    altitude

    [1 values with dtype=float64]

  • sweep_mode
    ()
    <U20
    ...

    [1 values with dtype=<U20]

• Data variables: (9)
  • RATE
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    units :

    mm h-1

    standard_name :

    rainfall_rate

    long_name :

    rainfall_rate

    [675792 values with dtype=float32]

  • DBZH
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    units :

    dBZ

    standard_name :

    radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h

    long_name :

    Equivalent reflectivity factor H

    [675792 values with dtype=float32]

  • VRADH
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    units :

    meters per seconds

    standard_name :

    radial_velocity_of_scatterers_away_from_instrument_h

    long_name :

    Radial velocity of scatterers away from instrument H

    [675792 values with dtype=float32]

  • ZDR
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    units :

    dB

    standard_name :

    radar_differential_reflectivity_hv

    long_name :

    Log differential reflectivity H/V

    [675792 values with dtype=float32]

  • KDP
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    units :

    degrees per kilometer

    standard_name :

    radar_specific_differential_phase_hv

    long_name :

    Specific differential phase HV

    [675792 values with dtype=float32]

  • PHIDP
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    units :

    degrees

    standard_name :

    radar_differential_phase_hv

    long_name :

    Differential phase HV

    [675792 values with dtype=float32]

  • RHOHV
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    units :

    unitless

    standard_name :

    radar_correlation_coefficient_hv

    long_name :

    Correlation coefficient HV

    [675792 values with dtype=float32]

  • WRADH
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    units :

    meters per seconds

    standard_name :

    radar_doppler_spectrum_width_h

    long_name :

    Doppler spectrum width H

    [675792 values with dtype=float32]

  • QUAL
    (azimuth, range)
    uint16
    ...

    [675792 values with dtype=uint16]

• Indexes: (2)
  • azimuth
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Float64Index([  0.19,   0.68,   1.16,   1.69,   2.17,   2.65,   3.18,   3.67,
                    4.15,   4.68,
                  ...
                  355.18, 355.67, 356.19, 356.68, 357.16, 357.69, 358.17, 358.66,
                  359.18, 359.67],
                 dtype='float64', name='azimuth', length=722))

  • range
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Float64Index([   37.5,   112.5,   187.5,   262.5,   337.5,   412.5,   487.5,
                    562.5,   637.5,   712.5,
                  ...
                  69487.5, 69562.5, 69637.5, 69712.5, 69787.5, 69862.5, 69937.5,
                  70012.5, 70087.5, 70162.5],
                 dtype='float64', name='range', length=936))

• Attributes: (1)

  fixed_angle :

  0.5

Goereferencing

swp = vol[0].copy().pipe(wrl.georef.georeference_dataset)

Plotting

Currently the data dynamic range is left as read from the file. That way the difference between shortpulse and longpulse can be clearly seen.

swp.DBZH.plot.pcolormesh(x="x", y="y")
pl.gca().set_aspect("equal")

fig = pl.figure(figsize=(10, 10))
swp.DBZH.wradlib.plot_ppi(proj="cg", fig=fig)

<matplotlib.collections.QuadMesh at 0x7fd8f19eaa90>

import cartopy
import cartopy.crs as ccrs
import cartopy.feature as cfeature

map_trans = ccrs.AzimuthalEquidistant(
    central_latitude=swp.latitude.values, central_longitude=swp.longitude.values
)

map_proj = ccrs.AzimuthalEquidistant(
    central_latitude=swp.latitude.values, central_longitude=swp.longitude.values
)
pm = swp.DBZH.wradlib.plot_ppi(proj=map_proj)
ax = pl.gca()
ax.gridlines(crs=map_proj)
print(ax)

< GeoAxes: +proj=aeqd +ellps=WGS84 +lon_0=13.243970000000001 +lat_0=53.55478 +x_0=0.0 +y_0=0.0 +no_defs +type=crs >

map_proj = ccrs.Mercator(central_longitude=swp.longitude.values)
fig = pl.figure(figsize=(10, 8))
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection=map_proj)
pm = swp.DBZH.wradlib.plot_ppi(ax=ax)
ax.gridlines(draw_labels=True)

<cartopy.mpl.gridliner.Gridliner at 0x7fd90510e210>

import cartopy.feature as cfeature


def plot_rivers(ax):
    rivers = cfeature.NaturalEarthFeature(
        category="physical",
        name="rivers_lake_centerlines",
        scale="10m",
        facecolor="none",
    )
    ax.add_feature(rivers, edgecolor="blue", lw=2, zorder=4)


map_proj = ccrs.Mercator(central_longitude=swp.longitude.values)
fig = pl.figure(figsize=(10, 8))
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection=map_proj)

DBZH = swp.DBZH
pm = DBZH.where(DBZH > 0).wradlib.plot_ppi(ax=ax)
plot_rivers(ax)
ax.gridlines(draw_labels=True)

<cartopy.mpl.gridliner.Gridliner at 0x7fd8f1808090>

import matplotlib.path as mpath

theta = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi, 100)
center, radius = [0.5, 0.5], 0.5
verts = np.vstack([np.sin(theta), np.cos(theta)]).T
circle = mpath.Path(verts * radius + center)

map_proj = ccrs.AzimuthalEquidistant(
    central_latitude=swp.latitude.values,
    central_longitude=swp.longitude.values,
)
fig = pl.figure(figsize=(10, 8))
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection=map_proj)
ax.set_boundary(circle, transform=ax.transAxes)

pm = swp.DBZH.wradlib.plot_ppi(proj=map_proj, ax=ax)
ax = pl.gca()
ax.gridlines(crs=map_proj)

<cartopy.mpl.gridliner.Gridliner at 0x7fd8f1889250>

fig = pl.figure(figsize=(10, 8))
proj = ccrs.AzimuthalEquidistant(
    central_latitude=swp.latitude.values, central_longitude=swp.longitude.values
)
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection=proj)
pm = swp.DBZH.wradlib.plot_ppi(ax=ax)
ax.gridlines()

<cartopy.mpl.gridliner.Gridliner at 0x7fd8f1734f90>

swp.DBZH.wradlib.plot_ppi()

<matplotlib.collections.QuadMesh at 0x7fd90139a890>

Inspect radar moments

The DataArrays can be accessed by key or by attribute. Each DataArray has dimensions and coordinates of it’s parent dataset.

display(swp.DBZH)

<xarray.DataArray 'DBZH' (azimuth: 722, range: 936)>
array([[       nan,        nan,        nan, ..., -80.740005, -79.34    ,
        -79.240005],
       [       nan,        nan,        nan, ..., -80.31    , -79.06    ,
        -79.25    ],
       [       nan,        nan,        nan, ..., -80.2     , -79.149994,
        -79.31999 ],
       ...,
       [       nan,        nan,        nan, ..., -79.78999 , -79.45999 ,
        -79.      ],
       [       nan,        nan,        nan, ..., -80.09    , -79.31    ,
        -79.020004],
       [       nan,        nan,        nan, ..., -80.369995, -79.33    ,
        -79.149994]], dtype=float32)
Coordinates: (12/15)
  * azimuth     (azimuth) float64 0.19 0.68 1.16 1.69 ... 358.7 359.2 359.7
    elevation   (azimuth) float64 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 ... 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
  * range       (range) float32 37.5 112.5 187.5 ... 7.009e+04 7.016e+04
    time        datetime64[ns] 2022-03-24T00:00:01
    rtime       (azimuth) datetime64[ns] 2022-03-24T00:00:17.656439500 ... 20...
    longitude   float64 13.24
    ...          ...
    x           (azimuth, range) float64 0.1243 0.373 0.6217 ... -403.6 -404.0
    y           (azimuth, range) float64 37.5 112.5 ... 7.008e+04 7.015e+04
    z           (azimuth, range) float64 38.3 38.95 39.61 ... 937.5 939.2 940.3
    gr          (azimuth, range) float64 37.53 112.5 ... 7.008e+04 7.015e+04
    rays        (azimuth, range) float64 0.19 0.19 0.19 ... 359.7 359.7 359.7
    bins        (azimuth, range) float32 37.5 112.5 ... 7.009e+04 7.016e+04
Attributes:
    units:          dBZ
    standard_name:  radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h
    long_name:      Equivalent reflectivity factor H

xarray.DataArray

'DBZH'

• azimuth: 722
• range: 936

• nan nan nan 17.35 25.65 24.41 ... -79.41 -79.62 -80.37 -79.33 -79.15

  array([[       nan,        nan,        nan, ..., -80.740005, -79.34    ,
          -79.240005],
         [       nan,        nan,        nan, ..., -80.31    , -79.06    ,
          -79.25    ],
         [       nan,        nan,        nan, ..., -80.2     , -79.149994,
          -79.31999 ],
         ...,
         [       nan,        nan,        nan, ..., -79.78999 , -79.45999 ,
          -79.      ],
         [       nan,        nan,        nan, ..., -80.09    , -79.31    ,
          -79.020004],
         [       nan,        nan,        nan, ..., -80.369995, -79.33    ,
          -79.149994]], dtype=float32)

• Coordinates: (15)
  • azimuth
    (azimuth)
    float64
    0.19 0.68 1.16 ... 359.2 359.7

    standard_name :

    ray_azimuth_angle

    long_name :

    azimuth_angle_from_true_north

    units :

    degrees

    axis :

    radial_azimuth_coordinate

    a1gate :

    292

    angle_res :

    0.5

    array([1.9000e-01, 6.8000e-01, 1.1600e+00, ..., 3.5866e+02, 3.5918e+02,
           3.5967e+02])

  • elevation
    (azimuth)
    float64
    0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 ... 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

    standard_name :

    ray_elevation_angle

    long_name :

    elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane

    units :

    degrees

    axis :

    radial_elevation_coordinate

    array([0.5, 0.5, 0.5, ..., 0.5, 0.5, 0.5])

  • range
    (range)
    float32
    37.5 112.5 ... 7.009e+04 7.016e+04

    units :

    meters

    standard_name :

    projection_range_coordinate

    long_name :

    range_to_measurement_volume

    spacing_is_constant :

    true

    axis :

    radial_range_coordinate

    meters_to_center_of_first_gate :

    37.5

    meters_between_gates :

    75

    array([3.75000e+01, 1.12500e+02, 1.87500e+02, ..., 7.00125e+04, 7.00875e+04,
           7.01625e+04], dtype=float32)

  • time
    ()
    datetime64[ns]
    2022-03-24T00:00:01

    standard_name :

    time

    array('2022-03-24T00:00:01.000000000', dtype='datetime64[ns]')

  • rtime
    (azimuth)
    datetime64[ns]
    2022-03-24T00:00:17.656439500 .....

    standard_name :

    time

    array(['2022-03-24T00:00:17.656439500', '2022-03-24T00:00:17.695220500',
           '2022-03-24T00:00:17.734001500', ..., '2022-03-24T00:00:17.540096500',
           '2022-03-24T00:00:17.578877500', '2022-03-24T00:00:17.617658500'],
          dtype='datetime64[ns]')

  • longitude
    ()
    float64
    13.24

    long_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    standard_name :

    longitude

    array(13.24397)

  • latitude
    ()
    float64
    53.55

    long_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    positive :

    up

    standard_name :

    latitude

    array(53.55478)

  • altitude
    ()
    float64
    38.0

    long_name :

    altitude

    units :

    meters

    standard_name :

    altitude

    array(38.)

  • sweep_mode
    ()
    <U20
    'azimuth_surveillance'

    array('azimuth_surveillance', dtype='<U20')

  • x
    (azimuth, range)
    float64
    0.1243 0.373 ... -403.6 -404.0

    array([[ 1.24349185e-01,  3.73047526e-01,  6.21745829e-01, ...,
             2.32137962e+02,  2.32386597e+02,  2.32635246e+02],
           [ 4.45029557e-01,  1.33508857e+00,  2.22514744e+00, ...,
             8.30791567e+02,  8.31681401e+02,  8.32571283e+02],
           [ 7.59134027e-01,  2.27740190e+00,  3.79566955e+00, ...,
             1.41716912e+03,  1.41868701e+03,  1.42020498e+03],
           ...,
           [-8.76910651e-01, -2.63073175e+00, -4.38455258e+00, ...,
            -1.63703728e+03, -1.63879065e+03, -1.64054413e+03],
           [-5.36647567e-01, -1.60994258e+00, -2.68323742e+00, ...,
            -1.00182621e+03, -1.00289923e+03, -1.00397231e+03],
           [-2.15974102e-01, -6.47922256e-01, -1.07987034e+00, ...,
            -4.03185496e+02, -4.03617335e+02, -4.04049198e+02]])

  • y
    (azimuth, range)
    float64
    37.5 112.5 ... 7.008e+04 7.015e+04

    array([[3.74981967e+01, 1.12494581e+02, 1.87490955e+02, ...,
            7.00025091e+04, 7.00774865e+04, 7.01524680e+04],
           [3.74957620e+01, 1.12487277e+02, 1.87478781e+02, ...,
            6.99979639e+04, 7.00729365e+04, 7.01479131e+04],
           [3.74907180e+01, 1.12472145e+02, 1.87453561e+02, ...,
            6.99885476e+04, 7.00635101e+04, 7.01384767e+04],
           ...,
           [3.74881481e+01, 1.12464436e+02, 1.87440711e+02, ...,
            6.99837501e+04, 7.00587074e+04, 7.01336689e+04],
           [3.74945626e+01, 1.12483679e+02, 1.87472784e+02, ...,
            6.99957250e+04, 7.00706951e+04, 7.01456694e+04],
           [3.74977809e+01, 1.12493334e+02, 1.87488876e+02, ...,
            7.00017329e+04, 7.00767095e+04, 7.01516902e+04]])

  • z
    (azimuth, range)
    float64
    38.3 38.95 39.61 ... 939.2 940.3

    array([[ 38.29707351,  38.95156364,  39.60605378, ..., 937.54351336,
            939.18635562, 940.33497831],
           [ 38.29707351,  38.95156364,  39.60605378, ..., 937.54351336,
            939.18635562, 940.33497831],
           [ 38.29707351,  38.95156364,  39.60605378, ..., 937.54351336,
            939.18635562, 940.33497831],
           ...,
           [ 38.29707351,  38.95156364,  39.60605378, ..., 937.54351336,
            939.18635562, 940.33497831],
           [ 38.29707351,  38.95156364,  39.60605378, ..., 937.54351336,
            939.18635562, 940.33497831],
           [ 38.29707351,  38.95156364,  39.60605378, ..., 937.54351336,
            939.18635562, 940.33497831]])

  • gr
    (azimuth, range)
    float64
    37.53 112.5 ... 7.008e+04 7.015e+04

    array([[3.75308513e+01, 1.12527644e+02, 1.87524429e+02, ...,
            7.00029265e+04, 7.00779043e+04, 7.01528862e+04],
           [3.75306608e+01, 1.12527453e+02, 1.87524238e+02, ...,
            7.00029263e+04, 7.00779041e+04, 7.01528860e+04],
           [3.75304719e+01, 1.12527264e+02, 1.87524049e+02, ...,
            7.00029261e+04, 7.00779039e+04, 7.01528858e+04],
           ...,
           [3.75314307e+01, 1.12528224e+02, 1.87525009e+02, ...,
            7.00029270e+04, 7.00779049e+04, 7.01528868e+04],
           [3.75312364e+01, 1.12528029e+02, 1.87524814e+02, ...,
            7.00029268e+04, 7.00779047e+04, 7.01528866e+04],
           [3.75310508e+01, 1.12527844e+02, 1.87524628e+02, ...,
            7.00029267e+04, 7.00779045e+04, 7.01528864e+04]])

  • rays
    (azimuth, range)
    float64
    0.19 0.19 0.19 ... 359.7 359.7

    array([[1.9000e-01, 1.9000e-01, 1.9000e-01, ..., 1.9000e-01, 1.9000e-01,
            1.9000e-01],
           [6.8000e-01, 6.8000e-01, 6.8000e-01, ..., 6.8000e-01, 6.8000e-01,
            6.8000e-01],
           [1.1600e+00, 1.1600e+00, 1.1600e+00, ..., 1.1600e+00, 1.1600e+00,
            1.1600e+00],
           ...,
           [3.5866e+02, 3.5866e+02, 3.5866e+02, ..., 3.5866e+02, 3.5866e+02,
            3.5866e+02],
           [3.5918e+02, 3.5918e+02, 3.5918e+02, ..., 3.5918e+02, 3.5918e+02,
            3.5918e+02],
           [3.5967e+02, 3.5967e+02, 3.5967e+02, ..., 3.5967e+02, 3.5967e+02,
            3.5967e+02]])

  • bins
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    37.5 112.5 ... 7.009e+04 7.016e+04

    array([[3.75000e+01, 1.12500e+02, 1.87500e+02, ..., 7.00125e+04,
            7.00875e+04, 7.01625e+04],
           [3.75000e+01, 1.12500e+02, 1.87500e+02, ..., 7.00125e+04,
            7.00875e+04, 7.01625e+04],
           [3.75000e+01, 1.12500e+02, 1.87500e+02, ..., 7.00125e+04,
            7.00875e+04, 7.01625e+04],
           ...,
           [3.75000e+01, 1.12500e+02, 1.87500e+02, ..., 7.00125e+04,
            7.00875e+04, 7.01625e+04],
           [3.75000e+01, 1.12500e+02, 1.87500e+02, ..., 7.00125e+04,
            7.00875e+04, 7.01625e+04],
           [3.75000e+01, 1.12500e+02, 1.87500e+02, ..., 7.00125e+04,
            7.00875e+04, 7.01625e+04]], dtype=float32)

• Indexes: (2)
  • azimuth
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Float64Index([  0.19,   0.68,   1.16,   1.69,   2.17,   2.65,   3.18,   3.67,
                    4.15,   4.68,
                  ...
                  355.18, 355.67, 356.19, 356.68, 357.16, 357.69, 358.17, 358.66,
                  359.18, 359.67],
                 dtype='float64', name='azimuth', length=722))

  • range
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Float64Index([   37.5,   112.5,   187.5,   262.5,   337.5,   412.5,   487.5,
                    562.5,   637.5,   712.5,
                  ...
                  69487.5, 69562.5, 69637.5, 69712.5, 69787.5, 69862.5, 69937.5,
                  70012.5, 70087.5, 70162.5],
                 dtype='float64', name='range', length=936))

• Attributes: (3)

  units :

  dBZ

  standard_name :

  radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h

  long_name :

  Equivalent reflectivity factor H

Create simple plot

Using xarray features a simple plot can be created like this. Note the sortby('rtime') method, which sorts the radials by time.

swp.DBZH.sortby("rtime").plot(x="range", y="rtime", add_labels=False)

<matplotlib.collections.QuadMesh at 0x7fd8f0b80950>

fig = pl.figure(figsize=(5, 5))
pm = swp.DBZH.wradlib.plot_ppi(proj={"latmin": 3e3}, fig=fig)

Mask some values

dbzh = swp["DBZH"].where(swp["DBZH"] >= 0)
dbzh.plot(x="x", y="y")

<matplotlib.collections.QuadMesh at 0x7fd8f09d4d50>

vol[0]

<xarray.Dataset>
Dimensions:     (azimuth: 722, range: 936)
Coordinates:
  * azimuth     (azimuth) float64 0.19 0.68 1.16 1.69 ... 358.7 359.2 359.7
    elevation   (azimuth) float64 ...
  * range       (range) float32 37.5 112.5 187.5 ... 7.009e+04 7.016e+04
    time        datetime64[ns] 2022-03-24T00:00:01
    rtime       (azimuth) datetime64[ns] 2022-03-24T00:00:17.656439500 ... 20...
    longitude   float64 ...
    latitude    float64 ...
    altitude    float64 ...
    sweep_mode  <U20 ...
Data variables:
    RATE        (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    DBZH        (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    VRADH       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    ZDR         (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    KDP         (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    PHIDP       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    RHOHV       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    WRADH       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    QUAL        (azimuth, range) uint16 ...
Attributes:
    fixed_angle:  0.5

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • azimuth: 722
  • range: 936
• Coordinates: (9)
  • azimuth
    (azimuth)
    float64
    0.19 0.68 1.16 ... 359.2 359.7

    standard_name :

    ray_azimuth_angle

    long_name :

    azimuth_angle_from_true_north

    units :

    degrees

    axis :

    radial_azimuth_coordinate

    a1gate :

    292

    angle_res :

    0.5

    array([1.9000e-01, 6.8000e-01, 1.1600e+00, ..., 3.5866e+02, 3.5918e+02,
           3.5967e+02])

  • elevation
    (azimuth)
    float64
    ...

    standard_name :

    ray_elevation_angle

    long_name :

    elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane

    units :

    degrees

    axis :

    radial_elevation_coordinate

    [722 values with dtype=float64]

  • range
    (range)
    float32
    37.5 112.5 ... 7.009e+04 7.016e+04

    units :

    meters

    standard_name :

    projection_range_coordinate

    long_name :

    range_to_measurement_volume

    spacing_is_constant :

    true

    axis :

    radial_range_coordinate

    meters_to_center_of_first_gate :

    37.5

    meters_between_gates :

    75

    array([3.75000e+01, 1.12500e+02, 1.87500e+02, ..., 7.00125e+04, 7.00875e+04,
           7.01625e+04], dtype=float32)

  • time
    ()
    datetime64[ns]
    2022-03-24T00:00:01

    standard_name :

    time

    array('2022-03-24T00:00:01.000000000', dtype='datetime64[ns]')

  • rtime
    (azimuth)
    datetime64[ns]
    2022-03-24T00:00:17.656439500 .....

    standard_name :

    time

    array(['2022-03-24T00:00:17.656439500', '2022-03-24T00:00:17.695220500',
           '2022-03-24T00:00:17.734001500', ..., '2022-03-24T00:00:17.540096500',
           '2022-03-24T00:00:17.578877500', '2022-03-24T00:00:17.617658500'],
          dtype='datetime64[ns]')

  • longitude
    ()
    float64
    ...

    long_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    standard_name :

    longitude

    [1 values with dtype=float64]

  • latitude
    ()
    float64
    ...

    long_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    positive :

    up

    standard_name :

    latitude

    [1 values with dtype=float64]

  • altitude
    ()
    float64
    ...

    long_name :

    altitude

    units :

    meters

    standard_name :

    altitude

    [1 values with dtype=float64]

  • sweep_mode
    ()
    <U20
    ...

    [1 values with dtype=<U20]

• Data variables: (9)
  • RATE
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    units :

    mm h-1

    standard_name :

    rainfall_rate

    long_name :

    rainfall_rate

    [675792 values with dtype=float32]

  • DBZH
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    units :

    dBZ

    standard_name :

    radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h

    long_name :

    Equivalent reflectivity factor H

    [675792 values with dtype=float32]

  • VRADH
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    units :

    meters per seconds

    standard_name :

    radial_velocity_of_scatterers_away_from_instrument_h

    long_name :

    Radial velocity of scatterers away from instrument H

    [675792 values with dtype=float32]

  • ZDR
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    units :

    dB

    standard_name :

    radar_differential_reflectivity_hv

    long_name :

    Log differential reflectivity H/V

    [675792 values with dtype=float32]

  • KDP
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    units :

    degrees per kilometer

    standard_name :

    radar_specific_differential_phase_hv

    long_name :

    Specific differential phase HV

    [675792 values with dtype=float32]

  • PHIDP
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    units :

    degrees

    standard_name :

    radar_differential_phase_hv

    long_name :

    Differential phase HV

    [675792 values with dtype=float32]

  • RHOHV
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    units :

    unitless

    standard_name :

    radar_correlation_coefficient_hv

    long_name :

    Correlation coefficient HV

    [675792 values with dtype=float32]

  • WRADH
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    units :

    meters per seconds

    standard_name :

    radar_doppler_spectrum_width_h

    long_name :

    Doppler spectrum width H

    [675792 values with dtype=float32]

  • QUAL
    (azimuth, range)
    uint16
    ...

    [675792 values with dtype=uint16]

• Indexes: (2)
  • azimuth
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Float64Index([  0.19,   0.68,   1.16,   1.69,   2.17,   2.65,   3.18,   3.67,
                    4.15,   4.68,
                  ...
                  355.18, 355.67, 356.19, 356.68, 357.16, 357.69, 358.17, 358.66,
                  359.18, 359.67],
                 dtype='float64', name='azimuth', length=722))

  • range
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Float64Index([   37.5,   112.5,   187.5,   262.5,   337.5,   412.5,   487.5,
                    562.5,   637.5,   712.5,
                  ...
                  69487.5, 69562.5, 69637.5, 69712.5, 69787.5, 69862.5, 69937.5,
                  70012.5, 70087.5, 70162.5],
                 dtype='float64', name='range', length=936))

• Attributes: (1)

  fixed_angle :

  0.5

Export to ODIM and CfRadial2

vol[0].DBZH.sortby("rtime").plot(y="rtime")

<matplotlib.collections.QuadMesh at 0x7fd90272b310>

vol.to_odim("furuno_scnx_as_odim.h5")
vol.to_cfradial2("furuno_scnx_as_cfradial2.nc")

Import again

vola = wrl.io.open_odim_dataset(
    "furuno_scnx_as_odim.h5", reindex_angle=False, keep_elevation=True
)
display(vola.root)
display(vola[0])
vola[0].DBZH.sortby("rtime").plot(y="rtime")

<xarray.Dataset>
Dimensions:              (sweep: 1)
Coordinates:
    time                 datetime64[ns] 2022-03-24T00:00:01
    sweep_mode           <U20 'azimuth_surveillance'
    longitude            float64 13.24
    altitude             float64 38.0
    latitude             float64 53.55
Dimensions without coordinates: sweep
Data variables:
    volume_number        int64 0
    platform_type        <U5 'fixed'
    instrument_type      <U5 'radar'
    primary_axis         <U6 'axis_z'
    time_coverage_start  <U20 '2022-03-24T00:00:01Z'
    time_coverage_end    <U20 '2022-03-24T00:00:28Z'
    sweep_group_name     (sweep) <U7 'sweep_0'
    sweep_fixed_angle    (sweep) float64 0.5
Attributes:
    version:          None
    title:            None
    institution:      None
    references:       None
    source:           None
    history:          None
    comment:          im/exported using wradlib
    instrument_name:  None
    fixed_angle:      0.5

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • sweep: 1
• Coordinates: (5)
  • time
    ()
    datetime64[ns]
    2022-03-24T00:00:01

    standard_name :

    time

    array('2022-03-24T00:00:01.000000000', dtype='datetime64[ns]')

  • sweep_mode
    ()
    <U20
    'azimuth_surveillance'

    array('azimuth_surveillance', dtype='<U20')

  • longitude
    ()
    float64
    13.24

    long_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    standard_name :

    longitude

    array(13.24397)

  • altitude
    ()
    float64
    38.0

    long_name :

    altitude

    units :

    meters

    standard_name :

    altitude

    array(38.)

  • latitude
    ()
    float64
    53.55

    long_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    positive :

    up

    standard_name :

    latitude

    array(53.55478)

• Data variables: (8)
  • volume_number
    ()
    int64
    0

    array(0)

  • platform_type
    ()
    <U5
    'fixed'

    array('fixed', dtype='<U5')

  • instrument_type
    ()
    <U5
    'radar'

    array('radar', dtype='<U5')

  • primary_axis
    ()
    <U6
    'axis_z'

    array('axis_z', dtype='<U6')

  • time_coverage_start
    ()
    <U20
    '2022-03-24T00:00:01Z'

    array('2022-03-24T00:00:01Z', dtype='<U20')

  • time_coverage_end
    ()
    <U20
    '2022-03-24T00:00:28Z'

    array('2022-03-24T00:00:28Z', dtype='<U20')

  • sweep_group_name
    (sweep)
    <U7
    'sweep_0'

    array(['sweep_0'], dtype='<U7')

  • sweep_fixed_angle
    (sweep)
    float64
    0.5

    array([0.5])

• Indexes: (0)
• Attributes: (9)

  version :

  None

  title :

  None

  institution :

  None

  references :

  None

  source :

  None

  history :

  None

  comment :

  im/exported using wradlib

  instrument_name :

  None

  fixed_angle :

  0.5

<xarray.Dataset>
Dimensions:     (azimuth: 722, range: 936)
Coordinates:
  * azimuth     (azimuth) float64 0.19 0.68 1.16 1.69 ... 358.7 359.2 359.7
    elevation   (azimuth) float64 ...
    rtime       (azimuth) datetime64[ns] 2022-03-24T00:00:17.656439552 ... 20...
  * range       (range) float32 37.5 112.5 187.5 ... 7.009e+04 7.016e+04
    time        datetime64[ns] 2022-03-24T00:00:01
    sweep_mode  <U20 ...
    longitude   float64 ...
    latitude    float64 ...
    altitude    float64 ...
Data variables:
    RATE        (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    DBZH        (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    VRADH       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    ZDR         (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    KDP         (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    PHIDP       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    RHOHV       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    WRADH       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
Attributes:
    fixed_angle:  0.5

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • azimuth: 722
  • range: 936
• Coordinates: (9)
  • azimuth
    (azimuth)
    float64
    0.19 0.68 1.16 ... 359.2 359.7

    standard_name :

    ray_azimuth_angle

    long_name :

    azimuth_angle_from_true_north

    units :

    degrees

    axis :

    radial_azimuth_coordinate

    a1gate :

    293

    angle_res :

    0.5

    array([1.9000e-01, 6.8000e-01, 1.1600e+00, ..., 3.5866e+02, 3.5918e+02,
           3.5967e+02])

  • elevation
    (azimuth)
    float64
    ...

    standard_name :

    ray_elevation_angle

    long_name :

    elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane

    units :

    degrees

    axis :

    radial_elevation_coordinate

    [722 values with dtype=float64]

  • rtime
    (azimuth)
    datetime64[ns]
    2022-03-24T00:00:17.656439552 .....

    standard_name :

    time

    array(['2022-03-24T00:00:17.656439552', '2022-03-24T00:00:17.695220480',
           '2022-03-24T00:00:17.734001408', ..., '2022-03-24T00:00:17.540096512',
           '2022-03-24T00:00:17.578877440', '2022-03-24T00:00:17.617658624'],
          dtype='datetime64[ns]')

  • range
    (range)
    float32
    37.5 112.5 ... 7.009e+04 7.016e+04

    units :

    meters

    standard_name :

    projection_range_coordinate

    long_name :

    range_to_measurement_volume

    spacing_is_constant :

    true

    axis :

    radial_range_coordinate

    meters_to_center_of_first_gate :

    37.5

    meters_between_gates :

    75.0

    array([3.75000e+01, 1.12500e+02, 1.87500e+02, ..., 7.00125e+04, 7.00875e+04,
           7.01625e+04], dtype=float32)

  • time
    ()
    datetime64[ns]
    2022-03-24T00:00:01

    standard_name :

    time

    array('2022-03-24T00:00:01.000000000', dtype='datetime64[ns]')

  • sweep_mode
    ()
    <U20
    ...

    [1 values with dtype=<U20]

  • longitude
    ()
    float64
    ...

    long_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    standard_name :

    longitude

    [1 values with dtype=float64]

  • latitude
    ()
    float64
    ...

    long_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    positive :

    up

    standard_name :

    latitude

    [1 values with dtype=float64]

  • altitude
    ()
    float64
    ...

    long_name :

    altitude

    units :

    meters

    standard_name :

    altitude

    [1 values with dtype=float64]

• Data variables: (8)
  • RATE
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    _Undetect :

    1.7976931348623157e+308

    units :

    mm h-1

    standard_name :

    rainfall_rate

    long_name :

    rainfall_rate

    [675792 values with dtype=float32]

  • DBZH
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    _Undetect :

    1.7976931348623157e+308

    units :

    dBZ

    standard_name :

    radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h

    long_name :

    Equivalent reflectivity factor H

    [675792 values with dtype=float32]

  • VRADH
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    _Undetect :

    1.7976931348623157e+308

    units :

    meters per seconds

    standard_name :

    radial_velocity_of_scatterers_away_from_instrument_h

    long_name :

    Radial velocity of scatterers away from instrument H

    [675792 values with dtype=float32]

  • ZDR
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    _Undetect :

    1.7976931348623157e+308

    units :

    dB

    standard_name :

    radar_differential_reflectivity_hv

    long_name :

    Log differential reflectivity H/V

    [675792 values with dtype=float32]

  • KDP
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    _Undetect :

    1.7976931348623157e+308

    units :

    degrees per kilometer

    standard_name :

    radar_specific_differential_phase_hv

    long_name :

    Specific differential phase HV

    [675792 values with dtype=float32]

  • PHIDP
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    _Undetect :

    1.7976931348623157e+308

    units :

    degrees

    standard_name :

    radar_differential_phase_hv

    long_name :

    Differential phase HV

    [675792 values with dtype=float32]

  • RHOHV
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    _Undetect :

    1.7976931348623157e+308

    units :

    unitless

    standard_name :

    radar_correlation_coefficient_hv

    long_name :

    Correlation coefficient HV

    [675792 values with dtype=float32]

  • WRADH
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    _Undetect :

    1.7976931348623157e+308

    units :

    meters per seconds

    standard_name :

    radar_doppler_spectrum_width_h

    long_name :

    Doppler spectrum width H

    [675792 values with dtype=float32]

• Indexes: (2)
  • azimuth
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Float64Index([  0.19,   0.68,   1.16,   1.69,   2.17,   2.65,   3.18,   3.67,
                    4.15,   4.68,
                  ...
                  355.18, 355.67, 356.19, 356.68, 357.16, 357.69, 358.17, 358.66,
                  359.18, 359.67],
                 dtype='float64', name='azimuth', length=722))

  • range
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Float64Index([   37.5,   112.5,   187.5,   262.5,   337.5,   412.5,   487.5,
                    562.5,   637.5,   712.5,
                  ...
                  69487.5, 69562.5, 69637.5, 69712.5, 69787.5, 69862.5, 69937.5,
                  70012.5, 70087.5, 70162.5],
                 dtype='float64', name='range', length=936))

• Attributes: (1)

  fixed_angle :

  0.5

<matplotlib.collections.QuadMesh at 0x7fd8f81cbfd0>

volb = wrl.io.open_cfradial2_dataset("furuno_scnx_as_cfradial2.nc")
display(volb.root)
display(volb[0])
volb[0].DBZH.sortby("rtime").plot(y="rtime")

<xarray.Dataset>
Dimensions:              (sweep: 1)
Coordinates:
    longitude            float64 13.24
    altitude             float64 38.0
    sweep_mode           <U20 'azimuth_surveillance'
    time                 datetime64[ns] 2022-03-24T00:00:01
    latitude             float64 53.55
Dimensions without coordinates: sweep
Data variables:
    volume_number        int64 0
    platform_type        <U5 'fixed'
    instrument_type      <U5 'radar'
    primary_axis         <U6 'axis_z'
    time_coverage_start  <U20 '2022-03-24T00:00:01Z'
    time_coverage_end    <U20 '2022-03-24T00:00:28Z'
    sweep_group_name     (sweep) <U7 'sweep_0'
    sweep_fixed_angle    (sweep) float64 0.5
Attributes:
    version:          None
    title:            None
    institution:      None
    references:       None
    source:           None
    history:          None
    comment:          im/exported using wradlib
    instrument_name:  None
    fixed_angle:      0.5

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • sweep: 1
• Coordinates: (5)
  • longitude
    ()
    float64
    13.24

    long_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    standard_name :

    longitude

    array(13.24397)

  • altitude
    ()
    float64
    38.0

    long_name :

    altitude

    units :

    meters

    standard_name :

    altitude

    array(38.)

  • sweep_mode
    ()
    <U20
    'azimuth_surveillance'

    array('azimuth_surveillance', dtype='<U20')

  • time
    ()
    datetime64[ns]
    2022-03-24T00:00:01

    array('2022-03-24T00:00:01.000000000', dtype='datetime64[ns]')

  • latitude
    ()
    float64
    53.55

    long_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    positive :

    up

    standard_name :

    latitude

    array(53.55478)

• Data variables: (8)
  • volume_number
    ()
    int64
    0

    array(0)

  • platform_type
    ()
    <U5
    'fixed'

    array('fixed', dtype='<U5')

  • instrument_type
    ()
    <U5
    'radar'

    array('radar', dtype='<U5')

  • primary_axis
    ()
    <U6
    'axis_z'

    array('axis_z', dtype='<U6')

  • time_coverage_start
    ()
    <U20
    '2022-03-24T00:00:01Z'

    array('2022-03-24T00:00:01Z', dtype='<U20')

  • time_coverage_end
    ()
    <U20
    '2022-03-24T00:00:28Z'

    array('2022-03-24T00:00:28Z', dtype='<U20')

  • sweep_group_name
    (sweep)
    <U7
    'sweep_0'

    array(['sweep_0'], dtype='<U7')

  • sweep_fixed_angle
    (sweep)
    float64
    0.5

    array([0.5])

• Indexes: (0)
• Attributes: (9)

  version :

  None

  title :

  None

  institution :

  None

  references :

  None

  source :

  None

  history :

  None

  comment :

  im/exported using wradlib

  instrument_name :

  None

  fixed_angle :

  0.5

<xarray.Dataset>
Dimensions:     (azimuth: 722, range: 936)
Coordinates:
  * azimuth     (azimuth) float64 0.19 0.68 1.16 1.69 ... 358.7 359.2 359.7
    elevation   (azimuth) float64 ...
  * range       (range) float32 37.5 112.5 187.5 ... 7.009e+04 7.016e+04
    rtime       (azimuth) datetime64[ns] 2022-03-24T00:00:17.656439500 ... 20...
    longitude   float64 ...
    latitude    float64 ...
    altitude    float64 ...
    sweep_mode  <U20 ...
    time        datetime64[ns] 2022-03-24T00:00:01
Data variables:
    RATE        (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    DBZH        (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    VRADH       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    ZDR         (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    KDP         (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    PHIDP       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    RHOHV       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    WRADH       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    QUAL        (azimuth, range) uint16 ...
Attributes:
    fixed_angle:  0.5

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • azimuth: 722
  • range: 936
• Coordinates: (9)
  • azimuth
    (azimuth)
    float64
    0.19 0.68 1.16 ... 359.2 359.7

    standard_name :

    ray_azimuth_angle

    long_name :

    azimuth_angle_from_true_north

    units :

    degrees

    axis :

    radial_azimuth_coordinate

    a1gate :

    292

    angle_res :

    0.5

    coordinates :

    elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode

    array([1.9000e-01, 6.8000e-01, 1.1600e+00, ..., 3.5866e+02, 3.5918e+02,
           3.5967e+02])

  • elevation
    (azimuth)
    float64
    ...

    standard_name :

    ray_elevation_angle

    long_name :

    elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane

    units :

    degrees

    axis :

    radial_elevation_coordinate

    coordinates :

    elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode

    [722 values with dtype=float64]

  • range
    (range)
    float32
    37.5 112.5 ... 7.009e+04 7.016e+04

    units :

    meters

    standard_name :

    projection_range_coordinate

    long_name :

    range_to_measurement_volume

    spacing_is_constant :

    true

    axis :

    radial_range_coordinate

    meters_to_center_of_first_gate :

    37.5

    meters_between_gates :

    75

    array([3.75000e+01, 1.12500e+02, 1.87500e+02, ..., 7.00125e+04, 7.00875e+04,
           7.01625e+04], dtype=float32)

  • rtime
    (azimuth)
    datetime64[ns]
    2022-03-24T00:00:17.656439500 .....

    standard_name :

    time

    array(['2022-03-24T00:00:17.656439500', '2022-03-24T00:00:17.695220500',
           '2022-03-24T00:00:17.734001500', ..., '2022-03-24T00:00:17.540096500',
           '2022-03-24T00:00:17.578877500', '2022-03-24T00:00:17.617658500'],
          dtype='datetime64[ns]')

  • longitude
    ()
    float64
    ...

    long_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    standard_name :

    longitude

    [1 values with dtype=float64]

  • latitude
    ()
    float64
    ...

    long_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    positive :

    up

    standard_name :

    latitude

    [1 values with dtype=float64]

  • altitude
    ()
    float64
    ...

    long_name :

    altitude

    units :

    meters

    standard_name :

    altitude

    [1 values with dtype=float64]

  • sweep_mode
    ()
    <U20
    ...

    [1 values with dtype=<U20]

  • time
    ()
    datetime64[ns]
    2022-03-24T00:00:01

    array('2022-03-24T00:00:01.000000000', dtype='datetime64[ns]')

• Data variables: (9)
  • RATE
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    units :

    mm h-1

    standard_name :

    rainfall_rate

    long_name :

    rainfall_rate

    coordinates :

    elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode

    [675792 values with dtype=float32]

  • DBZH
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    units :

    dBZ

    standard_name :

    radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h

    long_name :

    Equivalent reflectivity factor H

    coordinates :

    elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode

    [675792 values with dtype=float32]

  • VRADH
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    units :

    meters per seconds

    standard_name :

    radial_velocity_of_scatterers_away_from_instrument_h

    long_name :

    Radial velocity of scatterers away from instrument H

    coordinates :

    elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode

    [675792 values with dtype=float32]

  • ZDR
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    units :

    dB

    standard_name :

    radar_differential_reflectivity_hv

    long_name :

    Log differential reflectivity H/V

    coordinates :

    elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode

    [675792 values with dtype=float32]

  • KDP
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    units :

    degrees per kilometer

    standard_name :

    radar_specific_differential_phase_hv

    long_name :

    Specific differential phase HV

    coordinates :

    elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode

    [675792 values with dtype=float32]

  • PHIDP
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    units :

    degrees

    standard_name :

    radar_differential_phase_hv

    long_name :

    Differential phase HV

    coordinates :

    elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode

    [675792 values with dtype=float32]

  • RHOHV
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    units :

    unitless

    standard_name :

    radar_correlation_coefficient_hv

    long_name :

    Correlation coefficient HV

    coordinates :

    elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode

    [675792 values with dtype=float32]

  • WRADH
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    units :

    meters per seconds

    standard_name :

    radar_doppler_spectrum_width_h

    long_name :

    Doppler spectrum width H

    coordinates :

    elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode

    [675792 values with dtype=float32]

  • QUAL
    (azimuth, range)
    uint16
    ...

    coordinates :

    elevation azimuth range latitude longitude altitude time rtime sweep_mode

    [675792 values with dtype=uint16]

• Indexes: (2)
  • azimuth
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Float64Index([  0.19,   0.68,   1.16,   1.69,   2.17,   2.65,   3.18,   3.67,
                    4.15,   4.68,
                  ...
                  355.18, 355.67, 356.19, 356.68, 357.16, 357.69, 358.17, 358.66,
                  359.18, 359.67],
                 dtype='float64', name='azimuth', length=722))

  • range
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Float64Index([   37.5,   112.5,   187.5,   262.5,   337.5,   412.5,   487.5,
                    562.5,   637.5,   712.5,
                  ...
                  69487.5, 69562.5, 69637.5, 69712.5, 69787.5, 69862.5, 69937.5,
                  70012.5, 70087.5, 70162.5],
                 dtype='float64', name='range', length=936))

• Attributes: (1)

  fixed_angle :

  0.5

<matplotlib.collections.QuadMesh at 0x7fd8f19dc7d0>

Check equality

We have to drop the time variable when checking equality since IRIS has millisecond resolution.

xr.testing.assert_allclose(vol.root.drop("time"), vola.root.drop("time"))
xr.testing.assert_allclose(
    vol[0].drop(["rtime", "time", "QUAL"]), vola[0].drop(["rtime", "time"])
)
xr.testing.assert_allclose(vol.root.drop("time"), volb.root.drop("time"))
# xr.testing.assert_allclose(vol[0].drop("time"), volb[0].drop("time"))
xr.testing.assert_allclose(vola.root, volb.root)
xr.testing.assert_allclose(vola[0].drop("rtime"), volb[0].drop(["rtime", "QUAL"]))

More Furuno loading mechanisms

Use xr.open_dataset to retrieve explicit group

Warning

Since \(\omega radlib\) version 1.18 the xarray backend engines for polar radar data have been renamed and prepended with wradlib- (eg. furuno -> wradlib-furuno). This was necessary to avoid clashes with the new xradar-package, which will eventually replace the wradlib engines. Users have to make sure to check which engine to use for their use-case when using xarray.open_dataset. Users might install and test xradar, and check if it is already robust enough for their use-cases (by using xradar’s engine="furuno".

swp = xr.open_dataset(
    f, engine="wradlib-furuno", group=1, backend_kwargs=dict(reindex_angle=False)
)
display(swp)

<xarray.Dataset>
Dimensions:     (azimuth: 722, range: 936)
Coordinates:
  * azimuth     (azimuth) float64 0.19 0.68 1.16 1.69 ... 358.7 359.2 359.7
    elevation   (azimuth) float64 ...
  * range       (range) float32 37.5 112.5 187.5 ... 7.009e+04 7.016e+04
    time        datetime64[ns] ...
    rtime       (azimuth) datetime64[ns] ...
    longitude   float64 ...
    latitude    float64 ...
    altitude    float64 ...
    sweep_mode  <U20 ...
Data variables:
    RATE        (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    DBZH        (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    VRADH       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    ZDR         (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    KDP         (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    PHIDP       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    RHOHV       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    WRADH       (azimuth, range) float32 ...
    QUAL        (azimuth, range) uint16 ...
Attributes:
    fixed_angle:  0.5

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • azimuth: 722
  • range: 936
• Coordinates: (9)
  • azimuth
    (azimuth)
    float64
    0.19 0.68 1.16 ... 359.2 359.7

    standard_name :

    ray_azimuth_angle

    long_name :

    azimuth_angle_from_true_north

    units :

    degrees

    axis :

    radial_azimuth_coordinate

    a1gate :

    292

    angle_res :

    0.5

    array([1.9000e-01, 6.8000e-01, 1.1600e+00, ..., 3.5866e+02, 3.5918e+02,
           3.5967e+02])

  • elevation
    (azimuth)
    float64
    ...

    standard_name :

    ray_elevation_angle

    long_name :

    elevation_angle_from_horizontal_plane

    units :

    degrees

    axis :

    radial_elevation_coordinate

    [722 values with dtype=float64]

  • range
    (range)
    float32
    37.5 112.5 ... 7.009e+04 7.016e+04

    units :

    meters

    standard_name :

    projection_range_coordinate

    long_name :

    range_to_measurement_volume

    spacing_is_constant :

    true

    axis :

    radial_range_coordinate

    meters_to_center_of_first_gate :

    37.5

    meters_between_gates :

    75

    array([3.75000e+01, 1.12500e+02, 1.87500e+02, ..., 7.00125e+04, 7.00875e+04,
           7.01625e+04], dtype=float32)

  • time
    ()
    datetime64[ns]
    ...

    standard_name :

    time

    [1 values with dtype=datetime64[ns]]

  • rtime
    (azimuth)
    datetime64[ns]
    ...

    standard_name :

    time

    [722 values with dtype=datetime64[ns]]

  • longitude
    ()
    float64
    ...

    long_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    standard_name :

    longitude

    [1 values with dtype=float64]

  • latitude
    ()
    float64
    ...

    long_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    positive :

    up

    standard_name :

    latitude

    [1 values with dtype=float64]

  • altitude
    ()
    float64
    ...

    long_name :

    altitude

    units :

    meters

    standard_name :

    altitude

    [1 values with dtype=float64]

  • sweep_mode
    ()
    <U20
    ...

    [1 values with dtype=<U20]

• Data variables: (9)
  • RATE
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    units :

    mm h-1

    standard_name :

    rainfall_rate

    long_name :

    rainfall_rate

    [675792 values with dtype=float32]

  • DBZH
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    units :

    dBZ

    standard_name :

    radar_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_h

    long_name :

    Equivalent reflectivity factor H

    [675792 values with dtype=float32]

  • VRADH
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    units :

    meters per seconds

    standard_name :

    radial_velocity_of_scatterers_away_from_instrument_h

    long_name :

    Radial velocity of scatterers away from instrument H

    [675792 values with dtype=float32]

  • ZDR
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    units :

    dB

    standard_name :

    radar_differential_reflectivity_hv

    long_name :

    Log differential reflectivity H/V

    [675792 values with dtype=float32]

  • KDP
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    units :

    degrees per kilometer

    standard_name :

    radar_specific_differential_phase_hv

    long_name :

    Specific differential phase HV

    [675792 values with dtype=float32]

  • PHIDP
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    units :

    degrees

    standard_name :

    radar_differential_phase_hv

    long_name :

    Differential phase HV

    [675792 values with dtype=float32]

  • RHOHV
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    units :

    unitless

    standard_name :

    radar_correlation_coefficient_hv

    long_name :

    Correlation coefficient HV

    [675792 values with dtype=float32]

  • WRADH
    (azimuth, range)
    float32
    ...

    units :

    meters per seconds

    standard_name :

    radar_doppler_spectrum_width_h

    long_name :

    Doppler spectrum width H

    [675792 values with dtype=float32]

  • QUAL
    (azimuth, range)
    uint16
    ...

    [675792 values with dtype=uint16]

• Indexes: (2)
  • azimuth
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Float64Index([  0.19,   0.68,   1.16,   1.69,   2.17,   2.65,   3.18,   3.67,
                    4.15,   4.68,
                  ...
                  355.18, 355.67, 356.19, 356.68, 357.16, 357.69, 358.17, 358.66,
                  359.18, 359.67],
                 dtype='float64', name='azimuth', length=722))

  • range
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Float64Index([   37.5,   112.5,   187.5,   262.5,   337.5,   412.5,   487.5,
                    562.5,   637.5,   712.5,
                  ...
                  69487.5, 69562.5, 69637.5, 69712.5, 69787.5, 69862.5, 69937.5,
                  70012.5, 70087.5, 70162.5],
                 dtype='float64', name='range', length=936))

• Attributes: (1)

  fixed_angle :

  0.5